Fragmentation in rotating isothermal protostellar clouds

Summary From the extensive set of numerical calculations briefly described above, it seems apparent that rotating, isothermal gas clouds are unstable to fragmentation under a wide range of conditions. (Caution: This result for isothermal clouds cannot be generalized to all clouds, as is shown, for example, by Boss's analysis [these proceedings] of the stability of collapsing, adiabatic clouds.) It is of importance to note, however, that no fragmentation is apparent during a cloud's initial dynamic collapse toward a disk structure; rather it is the rotationally flattened disk/ring configuration that undergoes fragmentation. This is a considerably different picture of fragmentation than has been presented, for example, by Hoyle (1953).The degree of instability and the mode (ring vs. blob) of fragmentation is sensitive to , but insensitive to . The initial amplitude of a perturbation does not appear to be crucial--fragmentation should occur eventually even for low amplitude initial NAPs.Finally, it is of some interest to know what the properties are of the fragments that break out of these isothermal clouds. Before outlining these properties we emphasize that in this set of calculations we have specifically excited the m = 2 (binary) non-axisymmetric mode; hence we have in some sense suppressed the development of other modes and we have promoted the development of equal mass components in the binary systems. In these evolutions, a typical fragment contained 15% of the initial cloud mass; had a specific angular momentum 25–30% that of the original cloud; had a ratio of spin angular momentum to orbital angular momentum 0.2; and itself had a ratio of thermal to gravitational energy _frag < 0.1. The formation of a binary system has therefore resulted in a conversion of some of the original cloud's spin angular momentum into orbital angular momentum, and has produced protostars with reduced specific angular momenta. It is also evident that each fragment is unstable to further collapse (having low ) under the isothermal assumptions imposed here.     

Maximum Likelihood Elevation Angle Estimates of Radar Targets Using Subapertures

The maximum likelihood estimates of the elevation angles of two closely spaced targets within the beamwidth is considered. For an array divided into three subapertures, a simple, closed form solution is found whose accuracy compares favorably to the maximum likelihood estimate which uses all the individual elements. Simulation results are presented for the case of a radar target located over a smooth reflecting surface.     

Space radiation dosimetry with active detections for the scientific program of the second Bulgarian cosmonaut on board the Mir space station.

A dosimetry-radiometry system has been developed at the Space Research Institute of the Bulgarian Academy of Science to measure the fluxes and dose rates on the flight of the second Bulgarian cosmonaut. The dosimetry system is designed for monitoring the different space radiations, such as solar cosmic rays, galactic cosmic rays and trapped particles in the earth radiation belts. The system consists of a battery operated small size detector unit and a "read-write" and telemetry microcomputer unit. The sensitivity of the instrument (3.67 x 10(-8) rad/pulse) permits high resolution measurements of the flux and dose rate along the track of the Mir space station. We report our initial results for the period of the flight between the 7th and 17th June 1988.     

The spectral and temporal variability of the X-ray transient 4U1630-47

We present the results of four observations made by the European Space Agency's EXOSAT Observatory of the X-ray transient 4U1630-47 during its 1984 outburst. We observed marked spectral changes as the source decayed from a maximum observed intensity of 8×10^–9 erg/cm²/sec (1.5–10 keV). The spectrum could be modelled by a soft thermal-like component with a high energy power-law tail. The relative contribution of the soft to hard component decreased as the total luminosity decreased. We compare these changes with those observed from the black hole candidate Cyg X-1 when it transitions from a high to a low state. In addition we report the discovery of short timescale intensity variations (down to 50 msec) with a characteristic timescale of 20 sec. We present a precise position for this unidentified source.on leave from Università di Roma Dipartimento di Fisica G. Marconi.     

On the Design of Suboptimal Controllers for Minimal Time Feedback Regulators

A method for designing suboptimal minimal time controllers for linear, time-invariant regulator systems is presented. An economical closed-loop controller is obtained by using Lyapunov surfaces, corresponding to a quadratic Lyapunov function, as a continuous approximation for isochronal surfaces. Systems employing this controller are obtained by minimization, with respect to parameters of the quadratic Lyapunov function, of the worst case upper bound on the arrival time of an arbitrary initial state at the origin.     

Identification and characteristics of source flares emitting 3-He or Fe enriched cosmic rays in the period September to December 1977

During the observation of solar cosmic rays on the Prognoz 6 and Helios 1 and 2 spacecrafts, several events with anomalous composition of accelerated particles (higher abundance of 3-He or Fe nuclei) occurred. We found seven such events from the period September to December 1977 for which data from the Prognoz 6 solar X-ray photometer are available. This material together with published optical and radio data from terrestrial observatories enabled us to identify more reliably the source flares and describe their characteristics. It turned out that the character of X-ray emission accompanying the emission of accelerated particles with anomalous composition shows no pronounced difference from other flares. No correlation has been found among the ratio 3-He/4-He and the angular distance between the field lines connected with the source flare and the place of observation. If a solar flare with anomalous ratio 3-He/4-He appears in a given active region, this region will probably produce other anomalous events.     

Time-frequency hop codes based upon extended quadratic congruences

Time-frequency hop codes are developed that can be used for coherent multiuser echolocation and asynchronous spread spectrum communication systems. They represent a compromise between Costas codes, which have nearly ideal autoambiguity but not so good cross-ambiguity properties, and linear congruential codes, which have nearly ideal cross-ambiguity but unattractive autoambiguity properties. Extended quadratic congruential code words are shown to have reasonably good autoambiguity and cross-ambiguity properties across the whole class of code sets considered. A uniform upper bound is placed on the entire cross-ambiguity function surface, and bounds are placed on the position and amplitude of spurious peaks in the autoambiguity function. These bounds depend on the time/bandwidth product and code length exclusively and lead naturally to a discussion of the design tradeoffs for these two parameters. Examples of typical autoambiguity and cross-ambiguity functions are given to illustrate the performance of the new codes     

Slope Coding of Coherent Pulse-Burst Waveforms

Useful new properties are obtained with a coherent pulse-burst waveform if the FM slopes are allowed to change from pulse to pulse. A design feature using such a "slope-coded" waveform is the ability to transfer, in a controllable manner, ambiguity volume from the range ambiguity peaks to regions located between the peaks (in the frequency direction). Slope coding thus provides a useful mechanism for matching the waveform to the environment; i. e., it permits the signal designer to make some compromise between range ambiguity-peak heights and low-velocity clutter rejection.