Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.     

基于微课的材料成型及控制工程专业英语翻转课堂教学实践与探索

微课不是指用于微学习的微内容,而是指使用专业软件构建便于在线和移动学习的实际教学内容。笔者结合教学实践,利用iSpring Suite软件制作微课,开展对材料成型专业英语的教学研究,并进一步探索基于微课的翻转课堂教学模式。     

建立Delphi与SQL Server 2000数据接口的方法

Delphi是Borland公司 (现更名为nprise公司 )于 1 994年底发布的用于开发数据库应用的工具 ,是目前开发客户机 /服务器数据库应用程序的强有力工具。Delphi可以访问多种数据库管理系统的数据库 ,如Paradox、DBase、本地InterBase服务器的数据库 ,或ORACAL、SyBase、SQLServer等远程数据库服务器上的数据库 ,以及任何经ODBC(OpenDataBaseConnecticity)可访问的数据库管理系统中的数据库。但Delphi在访问这些数据库之前 ,需要建立Delphi与相应数据库的数据接口。本文以建立Delphi和SQLServer 2 0 0 0数据库的数据接口为例 ,介绍…     

振动系统特征值和特征向量的—阶导数

本文主要解决两个问题:(1)频率集聚时,如何计算特征值(固有频率的平方)和特征向量(振型)的一阶导数,(2)如果仅获得了少数的低阶模态,如何改进已有的模态展开法,使其能用于计算低阶特征向量的一阶导数。     

信号发生器自动测试软件中若干问题的探讨

介绍了一种自行组建的信号发生器自动测试系统，包括系统的设计思想、基本组成及工作特点。对测试软件编制过程中遇到的一部分技术问题，进行了比较详细的讨论，并提出了解决方案。本文就选用不同电平时如何进行数据处理，电平单位不同时如何判断校准点以及校准如何实现，低电平测量时如何保证准确度等问题，进行了分析讨论，并给出了诸如建立单位选择子菜单，电平的实时校准与预校准相结合，以及在高、低电平式测试时分别采用不同的触发方式等具体措施。就利用功能键陷井技术实现的人工干予及其在自动测试中的作用，以及利用出错陷井技术和其它方式提高软件的容错、纠错能力等问题进行了分析和介绍。还简要讨论了建立全自动和半自动两种测试工作方式的意义及其构想，并提出了实现的方法。最后，给出了进一步完善信号发生器自动测试软件的一些设想。     

《机械制图》作业分项评分的相关性系列水平测定

《机械制图》作业水平测定的目的是综合检测学生的学习成绩，本文的《机械制图》作业分项评分，为综合测定相关性系列水平，提供了可靠的方法。     

超薄层C—N共渗研究

用自行研制伯低真空化学热处理多用炉进行低真空脉冲式碳－氮共渗试验。研究渗剂组成及配比、工作压力、脉冲工艺周期、共渗温度与时间对渗层特性的影响。研究结果表明，在适当的工艺条件下，低真空脉冲式碳一氮共渗工艺能满足机械零件表面硬化层深度０．１－－０．３ｍｍ，硬度≥５８ＨＲＣ的要求。     

Ionizing radiation-induced mutation of human cells with different DNA repair capacities.

We have observed significant differences in the response to ionizing radiation of two closely related human cells lines, and now compare the effects on these lines of both low and intermediate LET radiation. Compared to TK6, WTK1 has an enhanced X-ray survival, and is also more resistant to cell killing by alpha-particles. The hprt locus is more mutable in WTK1 than in TK6 by both X-rays and alpha-particles. WTK1 is also more mutable by alpha-particles than by X-rays at the hprt locus. X-ray-induced mutation at the heterozygous tk locus in WTK1 is about 25 fold higher than in TK6, while alpha-particle-induced mutation is nearly 50 fold higher at this locus. Also, the slowly growing tk- mutants, which comprise the majority of spontaneous and X-ray-induced tk- mutants of TK6, were not induced significantly by alpha-particles. Previously, we showed that TK6 has a reduced capacity for recombination compared with WTK1, and therefore, these results indicate that recombinational repair may contribute to both cell survival and mutation-induction following exposure to ionizing radiation. Such a mechanism may aid cell survival, but could also result in increased deleterious effects such as the unmasking of recessive mutations in cancer suppresser genes.