Thermal comfort assessment in civil aircraft cabins

Aircraft passengers are more and demanding in terms of thermal comfort. But it is not yet easy for aircraft crew to control the environment control system(ECS) that satisfies the thermal comfort for most passengers due to a number of causes. This paper adopts a corrected predicted mean vote(PMV) model and an adaptive model to assess the thermal comfort conditions for 31 investigated flights and draws the conclusion that there does exist an uncomfortable thermal phenomenon in civil aircraft cabins, especially in some short-haul continental flights. It is necessary to develop an easy way to predict the thermal sensation of passengers and to direct the crew to control ECS. Due to the assessment consistency of the corrected PMV model and the adaptive model, the adaptive model of thermal neutrality temperature can be used as a method to predict the cabin optimal operative temperature. Because only the mean outdoor effective temperature ET* of a departure city is an input variable for the adaptive model, this method can be easily understood and implemented by the crew and can satisfy 80–90% of the thermal acceptability levels of passengers.     

基于地面实验的蒙皮换热器高空换热性能分析

面向未来我国大功率机载电子设备冷却需求,需要发展新型机载冷却方式,减少对传统环控制冷系统的依赖,为此研究了一种气/气蒙皮换热器用于电子设备热管理.该蒙皮换热器是一种无能耗被动换热方式,在不增加飞机代偿损失的情况下实现大功率电子设备热管理.为了考核所设计的蒙皮换热器机载飞机环境换热性能,设计加工了实验样件,在地面开展了换热性能实验研究工作,获得热边流动传热准则和对流换热系数.在此基础上推演出高空巡航状态下的蒙皮换热器换热性能,获得传热最不利安装位置和改进位置时的传热性能.研究工作预期为未来我国基于蒙皮换热器的飞机综合热管理提供设计及机载应用技术支持.     

基于聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)压电薄膜的密封舱壁穿孔损伤识别技术

日益恶化的空间碎片环境将严重威胁空间站及航天员的在轨安全。文章基于聚偏二氟乙烯（polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF）压电薄膜设计了一种密封舱壁穿孔损伤识别技术方案,用于识别空间碎片超高速撞击对航天器密封舱壁造成的损伤模式,可为航天员合理选择应急措施提供依据。首先,发射超高速弹丸穿透铝合金靶板以模拟密封舱壁被击穿损伤的情况,形成的碎片云撞击PVDF压电薄膜探头,利用信号采集设备获取高速撞击引起的去极化效应信号,识别该信号的频率特征;其次,对PVDF压电薄膜探头及其支撑结构进行敲击试验,模拟在轨运行时因碰撞产生的干扰信号,掌握此类干扰信号的频率特征。试验结果表明,当系统采样频率为20 MHz时：1）所获得的探头去极化效应信号具有极为陡峭的上升沿,且上升沿的时长为亚μs量级;2）去极化效应信号主要由1 MHz以下的信号组成,但也包含少量的3～10 MHz高频成分;3）敲击探头及其支撑结构所产生的干扰信号频率在20 kHz以下。可根据频率差异进行两种信号的识别。     

空间碎片环境工程模式参数分析

为了评估空间碎片对航天器造成的危害 ,必须建立空间碎片环境工程模式。文章介绍了空间碎片环境的特点及其工程模式表征方法 ,并比较、分析了几种主要空间碎片环境工程模式的参数 ;从数学建模及风险评估应用的需求出发 ,提出了空间碎片环境工程模式参数的建议方案     

颈部和侧门热沉设计

KM6颈部和侧门热沉设计是整体热沉设计中两个很典型的部分 ,颈部热沉属于卧式热沉 ,侧门热沉属于片状立式热沉。这两种形式的热沉分别是中国同类热沉结构中最大的热沉。特别是侧门热沉 ,直接接受太阳辐照 ,热负荷最大。通过热负荷的计算 ,确定出颈部和侧门的结构形式 ;然后 ,在选定铝材的基础上 ,计算和确定了支管的间距 ,分别确定了热沉骨架 ,热变形补偿 ,进出口以及隔热等结构形式 ;最后 ,通过调试 ,证明设计及制造是正确的 ,并满足了使用要求     

亚跨超CFD软件平台中的网格生成技术

在亚跨超ＣＦＤ软件平台中,提供了一个网格生成平台。利用它,可以快速生成常规兵器、常规导弹和正常布局的常规战斗机的计算网格。有多种拓扑结构和多种方法可供选择。结果表明,生成的网格实用,质量令人满意。气动特性的计算结果也是可靠的。     

Impact of gravitation on gaseous pollutant source identification

 It is necessary to identify a gaseous pollutant source rapidly so that prompt actions can be taken, but this is one of the difficulties in the inverse problem areas. In this paper, an approach to identifying a sudden continuous emission pollutant source based on single sensor information is developed to locate a source in an enclosed space with a steady velocity field. Because the gravity has a very important influence on the gaseous pollutant transport and the source identification, its influence is analyzed theoretically and a conclusion is drawn that the velocity of fluid is a key factor to effectively help weaken the gravitational influence. Further studies for a given 2-D case by using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method show that when the velocity of inlet is less than one certain value, the influence of gravity on the pollutant transport is very significant, which will change the velocity field obviously. In order to quantitatively judge the practical applicability of identification approach, a synergy degree of the velocity fields before and after a source appearing is proposed as a condition for considering the influence of gravity. An experimental device simulating pollutant transmission was set up and some experiments were conducted to verify the practical application of the above studies in the actual gravitational environment. The results show that the proposed approach can successfully locate the sudden constant source when the experimental situations meet the identified conditions.     

舱外航天手套对手动作业的影响及解决办法

从舱外活动时航天员手的作用具有无比优越性,众多自动装置或机器人无法取代的事实出发,比较详细地论述了舱外航天手套对手动作业影响的主要因素后,提出了寻求解决手套防护要求与保持手部具有基本功能之间矛盾的一些医学工程设想。     

遥感图像的无参量辐射校正法

在卫星遥感图像及机载遥感图像中,由于大气层、仪器本身及摄取图像时的条件等因素的影响,往往存在较严重的辐射畸变,直观表现是图像中亮暗差异明显,必须予以校正。文中给出了一个不需要任何外部参数的无参量辐射校正方法。实际使用效果良好。此方法也可以有效地去除图像中存在的条纹。