Frequency estimation techniques for high dynamic trajectories

A comparison is presented of four different estimation techniques applied to the problem of continuously estimating the rapidly varying parameters of a sinusoidal signal, observed in the presence of additive noise. Frequency estimates are emphasized, although phase and/or frequency rate are also estimated by some of the algorithms. These parameters are related to the velocity, position, and acceleration of the maneuvering receiver or transmitter. Estimated performance at low carrier-to-noise ratios and high dynamics is investigated for the purpose of determining the useful operating range of an approximate maximum likelihood estimator, an extended Kalman filter, a cross-product automatic frequency loop and a phase-locked loop. Numerical simulations are used to evaluate performance while tracking a common trajectory exhibiting high dynamics     

Acceleration of the solar wind

In this review, we discuss critically recent research on the acceleration of the solar wind, giving emphasis to high-speed solar wind streams emanating from solar coronal holes. We first explain why thermally driven wind models constrained by solar and interplanetary observations encounter substantial difficulties in explaining high speed streams. Then, through a general discussion of energy addition to the solar wind above the coronal base, we indicate a possible resolution of these difficulties. Finally, we consider the question of what role MHD waves might play in transporting energy through the solar atmosphere and depositing it in the solar wind, and we conclude by examining, in a simple way, the specific mechanism of solar wind acceleration by Alfvén waves and the related problem of accelerating massive stellar winds with Alfvén waves.Paper presented at the IX-th Lindau Workshop The Source Region of the Solar Wind.On leave from the Auroral Observatory, Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Tromsø, N-9001 Tromsø, Norway.The National Center for Atmospheric Research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation.     

Current Injected Equivalent Circuit Approach to Modeling Switching DC-DC Converters

A new current injected equivalent circuit approach (CIECA) to modeling switching dc-dc converter power stages is developed, which starts with the current injected approach and results in either a set of equations which completely describe input and out-put properties or an equivalent linear circuit model valid at small signal, low frequency levels. This approach to modeling switching dc-dc converter power stages has the merits but not the demerits of both the electronic equivalent circuit state space average approach and the current injected control type approach, namely, 1) the modeling is very clear and is simple whether the converter operates in continuous or discontinuous inductor conduction modes, 2) the modeling results in an equivalent circuit which is very close to the actual converter, and 3) the equivalent circuit can be used directly in the computer for theoretical predictions like SPICE, etc.     

Ion Acoustic Waves in the Heliosphere

Observations of ion acoustic waves in the solar wind during the first and second orbit of the Ulysses spacecraft are presented. The observations show variations of the wave activity with the heliolatitude and with the phase of the solar cycle. The interrelationships between the wave intensity and the electron heat flux and the ratio of electron to proton temperature, T _e/T _p, are examined. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

ATS-6 Experiment Summary

The ATS-6 is the most advanced experimental satellite that has evolved from the Application Technology Satellite Program conducted and implemented by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA/GSFC). This project utilizes a state-of-the-art spacecraft and ground terminal network to perform advance studies and to conduct technological demonstrations in a large number of scientific areas. The design and implementation of this unique spacecraft permitted multiple experimentation simultaneously. The control of the spacecraft is performed at ATS Operational Control Center (ATSOCC) located at NASA/GSFC. Experimentation which was performed covered a wide spectrum of communications, technological, meterorological, and scientific subjects. Three principal ground terminals are utilized to assist the experimenters to acquire data. Data reduction and analysis are performed by the many facilities at NASA/GSFC in support of the experimenters.     

飞行器气动与隐身性能一体化优化设计方法研究

首先根据多学科综合优化设计理论 ,针对飞行器外形布局设计特点 ,开展飞行器气动与隐身性能综合优化设计方法研究。分别采用线化格林函数法与粘性修正相结合以及物理光学法与等效电流法相结合的方法 ,建立了飞行器气动力特性与隐身特性的计算方法。利用多学科优化设计理论和遗传优化算法 ,开展了关于飞行器气动与隐身性能的协同优化设计方法研究。取得了初步的研究结果。     

电子束固化高模量纤维增强复合材料力学性能研究

用湿法缠绕工艺制备了M40／EB99—1预浸料，研究了电子束固化高模量石墨化碳纤维M40增强EB99-1环氧树脂复合材料的常规力学性能、耐热疲劳性能和热物理性能，并与M40／5228、M40/4211等热固化复合材料的性能进行了比较。实验研究表明，除了剪切强度稍逊于热固化M40/5228复合材料外，其它常规力学性能都优于热固化M40／5228、M40/211复合材料，表现了较好的综合力学性能。电子束固化M40／EB99—1复合材料经冷热交变循环后的性能明显优于热固化M40／5228、M40/4211复合材料，表现了较好的耐热疲劳性能。     

AD7714功能及应用

本文介绍了模数转换器AD7714的性能，特点及在压力测量方面应用。     

有无中心锥圆排波瓣喷管引射器内流场模拟与比较

用数值模拟手段研究了中心锥增进圆排波瓣喷管引射器内热混合流场的影响 ,推导了非正交曲线坐标系下有无中心锥圆排波瓣喷管引射器内流场的基本方程 ,采用 SIMPLEC算法和一种完全压力修正方法 ,以物理平面速度分量作为求解变量 ,以逆变速度作为界面流速 ,在同位网格上求解了有中心锥波瓣喷管引射器内的流场控制方程 ,并与实验测量结果和无中心锥的数值计算结果进行了比较。结果表明 ,计算结果与测量值符合较好。有中心锥的低温等值线可以延伸至中心轴线 ,与在没有中心锥的情况下 ,混合管中心轴线处的温度始终保持为高温状态有很大的不同。从而找到了有中心锥的圆柱混合管热混合效率大于没有中心锥的根本原因