爆轰波-激波迎面作用后的稳定波系

本文为对当量比乙炔氧气混合气体中爆轰波与激波正面对撞产生稳定波系的实验和理论研究.实验主要以高速扫描摄影获取两波对撞的x-t纹影图,一维理论分析则基于三种热完全的组分求解两波对撞的稳定解并探寻它们的规律.实验发现透射波系包括一道激波和爆轰波,以及紧随爆轰波后的稀疏波区,这种波系情况与一维理论分析中CJ解一致.透射CJ爆轰与人射爆轰相比马赫数降低,而相对波前来流的传播速度有轻微提高,但在实验室坐标下其速度显著降低.透射波系受初始压强影响不大;初始温度提高使得爆轰波速度降低,而透射激波速度增加;对波系起实质影响作用的是入射激波强度,激波越强,则整个透射流场呈现偏向激波的趋势;理论分析还指出,稀疏波区的出现不可避免,当激波强度趋于声波时稀疏波区趋于消失,激波越强则疏波区趋于扩大.     

一种微米级粒子的静电发射加速装置

为了研究空间微小碎片碰撞对航天器的影响,国内外研制了各种类型的微小碎片加速器。文章简要介绍了一种很有前景的静电式微小碎片加速器及其关键部件的工作原理、结构特点及适用范围等。     

航天器非平稳振动环境TVAR时频分析(英文)

Predicting the time-varying auto-spectral density of a spacecraft in high-altitude orbits requires an accurate model for the non-stationary random vibration signals with densely spaced modal frequency. The traditional time-varying algorithm limits prediction accuracy, thus affecting a number of operational decisions. To solve this problem, a time-varying auto regressive （TVAR） model based on the process neural network （PNN） and the empirical mode decomposition （EMD） is proposed. The time-varying system is tracked on-line by establishing a time-varying parameter model, and then the relevant parameter spectrum is obtained. Firstly, the EMD method is utilized to decompose the signal into several intrinsic mode functions （IMFs）. Then for each IMF, the PNN is established and the time-varying auto-spectral density is obtained. Finally, the time-frequency distribution of the signals can be reconstructed by linear superposition. The simulation and the analytical results from an example demonstrate that this approach possesses simplicity, effectiveness, and feasibility, as well as higher frequency resolution.     

LES of film cooling for different jet fluids

The present paper investigates the impact of the velocity and density ratio on the turbulent mixing process in gas turbine blade film cooling.A cooling fluid is injected from an inclined pipe at α=30° into a turbulent boundary layer profile at a freestream Reynolds number of Re∞=400000.This jet-in-a-crossflow(JICF) problem is investigated using large-eddy simulations(LES).The governing equations comprise the Navier-Stokes equations plus additional transport equations for several species to simulate a non-reacting gas mixture.A variation of the density ratio is simulated by the heat-mass transfer analogy,i.e.,gases of different density are effused into an an air crossflow at a constant temperature.An efficient large-eddy simulation method for low subsonic flows based on an implicit dual time-stepping scheme combined with low Mach number preconditioning is applied.The numerical results and experimental velocity data measured using two-component particle-image velocimetry (PIV) are in excellent agreement.The results show the dynamics of the flow field in the vicinity of the jet hole,i.e.,the recirculation region and the inclination of the shear layers,to be mainly determined by the velocity ratio.However,evaluating the cooling efficiency downstream of the jet hole the mass flux ratio proves to be the dominant similarity parameter,i.e.,the density ratio between the fluids and the velocity ratio have to be considered.      

Large eddy simulation of turbulent diffusion flame combustion using a conserved scalar methodology

The present paper describes an LES prediction of turbulent diffusion flame combustion in a simplified axi-symmetric combustor geometry.The calculations are carried out using a well-tested finite volume incompressible LES code which has been modified to handle variable density and reacting flows.The basic mixture fraction conserved scalar method is used with the chemical state relationships described by fast chemistry.The turbulence-chemistry interaction is modelled by a sub-grid PDF method and the PDF is assumed to follow a Beta-function shape.The LES predictions have been time-averaged over 3.5 flow-through times to generate the mean radial profiles of mixture fraction,product mass fraction,temperature,axial velocity and axial rms.The agreement of the LES predictions with the experimental data is good for all the above quantities at four different axial positions with largest differences at the first measurement plane.The LES method also provides information on the unsteady nature of turbulent diffusion combustion. For turbulent reacting flows with large density ratio,it was found necessary to use a relaxation method in order to remove unphysical high-frequency fluctuations and to maintain numerical stability.      

小长径比航天发动机的燃烧稳定性

根据线性稳定计算和发动机试验结果之间的差异(～100秒~(-1)),认为SSP(标准稳定预测)程序对不稳定的驱动的研究和阻尼的研究方法不适用于内孔长径比小、有周向槽和多头端的发动机。对SSP程序中的增益和损失机理的考察表明:(1)槽的流动拐弯损失处理得不合理,(2)气体档板的阻尼被忽略了,(3)在常规的R_(VC)=常数的范围内,T型燃烧器速度耦合的数据不能应用到小长径比的发动机里。因而从以上三方面对小长径比的航天发动机的计算进行了修正,从而改善了理论与试验的一致性。     

一种新的动网格方法及其应用

 介绍了一种新型的动网格方法。该方法以Delauney图为基础进行整个网格的移动变形：首先是生成满足Delauney特性的Delauney图;然后把对网格移动的特性映射到Delauney图的移动上;最后把网格点在Delauney图以映射的方式进行重新定位而得到新的网格点坐标,从而得到移动后的网格。该方法不需要迭代,因而效率高,并且能适用于任意拓扑结构的网格。以翼身组合体的机翼颤振、翼身融合体的变体过程的非定常流动等为例来说明该方法的高效性及适用面广等特点。     

一种多级火箭飞行方案设计的工程方法

提出了一种进行单级和多级火箭飞行方案设计的一般方法。这是一种基于微积分变分原理的工程方法。其目的是根据给定导弹的攻角方案设计其俯仰角方案。最大攻角的优化根据给定的初始设计值采用正交法进行。该方法可以快速地进行多级火箭的飞行方案设计。     

GLONASS的评述和发展

导航星全球定位系统不是仅供城市中应用。尽管目前所发射的卫星数目还不够,但在民用独立定位精度方面,俄罗斯的GLONASS明显要优于目前加有SA的GPS定位精度。在本文中,我们将简要评述GLONASS的技术特性,并同GPS进行比较和对照。我们还将评估GLONASS目前的发展和性能,并且简要描述GLONASS和综合GPS/GLONASS兼容接收机。     

太阳风粘性效应的重新考察

利用Helios飞船对太阳风高速流的等离子体和磁场观测,本文考察了0.3-1AU作用在高速流上各种体积力的径向分布.结果表明:普遍采用的在碰撞为主等离子体中导出的经典粘性系数表式不适用于太阳风高速流;为使惯性力与各体积力之和相等,必须有大小跟这一空间范围内的太阳重力相近的粘性减速力.本文提出一种新的方法,导出了太阳风高速流中实际粘性力的径向分布,并求出了实际粘性系数的径向分布.结果发现,相对于经典粘性系数,1AU处太阳风高速流的粘性系数的减小不小于十分之一.