A comprehensive study of the 2016 Mw 6.0 Italy earthquake based on high-rate (10 Hz) GPS data

The 2016 M_w 6.0 Italy earthquake is successfully recorded by the near-field 10?Hz GPS and 200?Hz Strong Motion (SM) stations, providing valuable data for this study. A comprehensive study of this earthquake is carried out based on GPS data, which contains coseismic deformations analysis, noise analysis, seismic wave picking, and magnitude determination. The noise of most GPS-derived displacement waveforms can be described as a combination of white noise, flicker noise, and random walk noise after the earthquake occurrence, and the spectral indices vary significantly for most stations, implying that the seismic signals have affected the noise characteristic of GPS-derived displacement waveforms. S-transform is employed to assess the GPS capability to detect the seismic arrival time. The SM station AMT and the GPS station AMAT are in good agreement in seismic wave picking, and the difference is only 1.2?s in the north component, suggesting that the outcome of seismic wave picking using GPS data is reliable. Then, a classic empirical formula is employed to determine the moment magnitude. A robust moment magnitude (Mw 5.90) can be estimated by the nine GPS stations with about 23.9?s. If four GPS stations near the epicenter is chosen to determine the magnitude, it only take 13.0?s to retrieve a reliable preliminary (Mw 5.82) magnitude, which is 5.4?s ahead of nine stations. In addition, Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) is adopted to measuring the correlation and phase relationship between GPS and SM records. The result of XWT analysis indicates 10?Hz GPS is capable of capturing reliable and accurate coseismic dynamic deformations, as evidenced by the XWT-based semblance being close to 1 between GPS and SM records. The above results confirm the capability of 10?Hz GPS to capture coseismic dynamic deformations, detect seismic arrival time, and determine earthquake magnitude. Moreover, rapid magnitude determination based on 10?Hz GPS data can be regarded as an important supplement to Earthquake Early Warning (EEW).     

路网匹配定位方法研究

针对车载惯性导航设备由于其惯性器件随时间漂移产生误差导致系统定位精度逐渐变差的问题,提出了一种路网匹配定位方法以提高车载导航系统的综合定位精度,该方法基于视觉测量原理通过双目摄像装置采集道路周边环境特征进行匹配定位,介绍了匹配定位的基本原理和系统实现所需的关键技术,通过实际跑车测试,验证了该方法的合理性和可行性。     

基于单目视觉原理的空间位置测量技术研究

为了提升空间位置测量的自动化程度,采用单目视觉原理建立空间成像方程,将三维的空间坐标转换为两维的图像坐标,由此实现单目视觉的空间位置测量。本文推导了单目视觉定位的基本成像方程,对建立的定位装置,进行了实际定位实验,实现了预期的测量结果。基于视觉原理的空间位置测量技术,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

超临界压力RP-3在竖直细圆管内混合对流研究

研究了超临界压力下碳氢燃料航空煤油RP-3在竖直细圆管内混合对流,分析了浮升力及热物性对碳氢燃料在垂直管中对流换热的影响。实验中控制热流密度从200~500 kW/m2变化,进口压力变化范围为3~5 MPa,进口雷诺数从5 000~10 500范围内变化。研究表明:在向上流动情况中进口段存在较为明显的入口效应,换热出现恶化现象,而在向下流动中未出现;对于向上和向下流动,由于热物性的综合影响,换热系数沿流动方向增大;在较低进口雷诺数(Re=5 700)时,对于向下流动,随着浮升力影响的增大,浮升力改变了流体径向速度分布,出现了换热强化;在较高进口雷诺数(Re=10 500)时,浮升力对换热的影响依然显著;判别式Bo*数小于5.6×10-7未能预测浮升力对碳氢燃料换热影响。      

3点逐步r型自适应网格算法

为了根据某个流场参数梯度较合理地分布网格同时又不增加网格点的数量,提出一种基以总变差为基础的r型3点逐步自适应网格算法,通过3点逐步调整网格点的位置以减小网格线的扭曲,生成质量较好的计算网格.以绕二维圆柱和三维双椭球的超声速流动为算例,用Euler方程模拟,以流场的压力总变差来进行自适应,通过分别用所提出的自适应方法生成的自适应网格与用原始网格计算所得的流场结果对比,计算结果表明,用自适应网格计算所得的激波比用初始网格计算所得的激波薄,采用自适应方法所计算出的流场数值解具有更高的分辨率.      

Stability of relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid with orbit–attitude coupling

The full dynamics of spacecraft around an asteroid, in which the spacecraft is considered as a rigid body and the gravitational orbit–attitude coupling is taken into account, is of great value and interest in the precise theories of the motion. The spectral stability of the classical relative equilibria of the full spacecraft dynamics around an asteroid is studied with the method of geometric mechanics. The stability conditions are given explicitly based on the characteristic equation of the linear system matrix. It is found that the linearized system decouples into two entirely independent subsystems, which correspond to the motions within and outside the equatorial plane of the asteroid respectively. The system parameters are divided into three groups that describe the traditional stationary orbit stability, the significance of the orbit–attitude coupling and the mass distribution of the spacecraft respectively. The spectral stability of the relative equilibria is investigated numerically with respect to the three groups of system parameters. The relations between the full spacecraft dynamics and the traditional spacecraft dynamics, as well as the effect of the orbit–attitude coupling, are assessed. We find that when the orbit–attitude coupling is strong, the mass distribution of the spacecraft dominates the stability of the relative equilibria; whereas when the orbit–attitude coupling is weak, both the mass distribution and the traditional stationary orbit stability have significant effects on the stability. We also give a criterion to determine whether the orbit–attitude coupling needs to be considered.     

Characterization of ionospheric amplitude scintillations using wavelet entropy detrended GNSS data

The extensive monitoring networks of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ionospheric scintillation have been established to continuously log observation data. Further, the amplitude scintillation index and the phase scintillation index, which are derived from scintillation observations, are anticipated to accommodate the accuracy requirement of both the user level and the monitoring station level. However, raw scintillation observations essentially measure superposed waveform impairments of GNSS signals propagating through ionosphere and troposphere. It implies that fluctuations of raw scintillation observations are caused by multiple factors from the entire radio propagation environment. Hence, it is crucial to characterize ionospheric scintillations from GNSS observation data. And the characterization is implemented through extracting fluctuations of raw observations merely induced by ionospheric scintillations. Designed to address this problem by means of Fourier filtering detrending, the present work investigates the influence of varying detrending cutoff frequencies on wavelet statistical energy and wavelet entropy distributions of scintillation data. It consequently derives criteria on the optimum detrending cutoff frequency for three types of raw amplitude scintillation data, which are classified by their wavelet energy distributions. Results of the present work verify that detrending with specific optimum cutoff frequencies rather than the fixed and universally applicable one renders the validity and credibility of characterizing ionospheric scintillations as the part of GNSS observation fluctuations purely induced by ionosphere electron density irregularities whose scale sizes are comparable with or smaller than the Fresnel scale.     

钛合金蜂窝壁板隔热性能试验研究

针对钛合金蜂窝夹层结构的隔热性能进行试验研究。试验中研究了在300 ℃稳态条件下,蜂窝芯格尺寸、芯格高度和芯格壁厚等参数对隔热性能的影响规律;分析了各几何参数对隔热性能的敏感度;测试了不同温度条件下钛合金蜂窝夹层结构壁板的等效导热系数。试验结果表明：增大蜂窝芯格尺寸和芯格高度,减少芯格壁厚均有利于提高蜂窝壁板的隔热效果;不同几何参量对钛合金蜂窝夹层结构隔热效果的影响敏感程度从大到小依次为：芯体高度、芯格尺寸和芯体壁厚;钛合金蜂窝壁板的等效导热系数随温度的升高而增大,相同温度下钛合金蜂窝壁板的等效导热系数约为钛合金材料的3%~5%。     

磁控溅射沉积工艺条件对薄膜厚度均匀性的影响

薄膜厚度均匀性是衡量薄膜质量和镀膜装置性能的一项重要指标.在自行设计的磁控溅射沉积设备上,对薄膜沉积工艺中靶基间距、溅射功率、工作气压对膜厚均匀性的影响进行了研究,由连续光谱椭圆偏光仪SE800测量薄膜厚度.结果表明:靶基间距较大的情况下,薄膜均匀性明显改善;溅射功率和工作气压对薄膜均匀性也有较大的影响.     

单目视觉三维运动位姿测量方法研究

针对基于点特征的单目视觉位姿测量,研究了一种基于不共面5个编码特征点的单目视觉解算算法,利用大靶面高分辨率相机采集运动物体姿态图像,利用目标物体上编码特征点间的几何约束关系,通过正交迭代解算算法完成目标物体的位姿测量。实验结果表明：位移测量不确定度优于0.5mm,姿态测量不确定度优于0.05°,可满足航空航天领域试验测量要求。