大型回流边界层风洞的气动与结构设计

大型边界层风洞是开展风工程研究的必备装备。以浙江大学ZD-1边界层风洞的研制为背景,详细介绍了大型回流边界层风洞气动设计和立式结构设计中的关键问题,在风洞气动设计时采用了收缩比为4∶1的单回路单试验段气动轮廓,在试验段中设置了0．22°的当量扩散角,对拐角导流片外形作了特殊处理,并采用钢结构与混凝土结构相结合的立式结构。流场校验结果表明,大型回流边界层风洞的气动与结构设计能满足设计要求,某些指标甚至达到航空风洞的标准,在试验段中设置扩散角有利于降低轴向静压梯度,立式结构设计对提高试验段气流的水平均匀性有一定的作用,可为今后类似风洞的研制提供参考。     

Adaptive Gaussian sum squared-root cubature Kalman filter with split-merge scheme for state estimation

The paper deals with state estimation problem of nonlinear non-Gaussian discrete dynamic systems for improvement of accuracy and consistency. An efficient new algorithm called the adaptive Gaussian-sum square-root cubature Kalman filter（AGSSCKF） with a split-merge scheme is proposed. It is developed based on the squared-root extension of newly introduced cubature Kalman filter（SCKF） and is built within a Gaussian-sum framework. Based on the condition that the probability density functions of process noises and initial state are denoted by a Gaussian sum using optimization method, a bank of SCKF are used as the sub-filters to estimate state of system with the corresponding weights respectively, which is adaptively updated. The new algorithm consists of an adaptive splitting and merging procedure according to a proposed split-decision model based on the nonlinearity degree of measurement. The results of two simulation scenarios（one-dimensional state estimation and bearings-only tracking） show that the proposed filter demonstrates comparable performance to the particle filter with significantly reduced computational cost.     

POSS 催化剂改性氰酸酯复合材料的性能

通过POSS 催化剂改性氰酸酯树脂,并采用热熔法排布制备了碳纤维/ 中温固化氰酸酯预浸料, 验证了改性氰酸酯的工艺性。同时考察了氰酸酯树脂及其复合材料的性能。结果表明, POSS 催化剂的加入, 降低了氰酸酯的固化温度,同时其使用温度、室温及-18℃的储存性能和复合材料力学性能与改性前相当。     

多跑道航班进离场动态调度模型与算法

针对民航运输快速发展导致的航班延误频增现象,研究了多跑道航班进离场的动态调度问题。研究时段内航班的总延误成本最小和延误时间均衡为目标,综合考虑根据机型确定的航班进离场调度优先权和管制员负荷,建立多跑道航班进离场调度模型,利用遗传算法对模型进行仿真验证。仿真结果与先到先服务(FCFS)调度方式进行比较,采用遗传算法的航班进离场调度比FCFS的延误成本降低了45.07%,延误时间降低了37.90%,同时有效地均衡了航空公司的延误时间,保障了航空公司的公平性并提高了跑道系统容量,降低了管制员负荷。通过仿真验证了多跑道航班进离场动态调度策略具有较强的优势和可行性。     

交会对接任务碰撞规避策略制定研究简

针对交会对接任务目标飞行器与追踪器轨道运行特性,综合考虑规避策略计算方法与工程实际相结合的问题,提出高度规避、时间规避以及与正常轨控相结合的碰撞规避策略计算方法等三种空间目标碰撞规避策略计算方法.高度规避计算方法采用了Lambert飞行原理,用简化二体开普勒模型取代高精度轨道预报方法,迭代求解规避机动速度增量,实现了通过约束过交点与目标径向距离差得到速度增量的最优解;时间规避计算方法通过轨道周期与速度增量的关系,实现了通过约束过交点与目标的时间差得到速度增量的最优解;与正常轨控相结合的碰撞规避策略计算方法,在正常控制考虑冗余控制量的基础上,对控制策略的控制开始时间或沿迹方向的速度增量进行较小的修正,使两者通过碰撞点的时刻或径向距离错开,达到碰撞规避的目的,该方法不仅可以节省燃料、而且对任务的影响较小.通过对三种空间目标碰撞规避策略计算方法仿真分析结果表明,完全适用于交会对接任务,可为我国载人航天任务飞行安全提供技术保障.     

基于空间环境下细胞预处理装置的研制

生物样品的分离纯化是生命科学研究中的重要环节。在常规地面分离方法中,往往用到离心、萃取等操作,然而在空间微重力条件下,常规的方法无法进行,需要采用特定的方法和技术进行研究。以实现空间环境下细胞内生物大分子的分离为目标,研制了一种可以自动化一体化的装置,其先对细胞样品进行清洗、裂解并释放内溶物,然后在超滤分离池中将生物大分子和小分子化合物进行分离。通过对分离获得的大分子物质如蛋白质的回收率来优化仪器装置的最佳运行条件。结果表明,所研制的装置通过泵在一定频率下的切换,可使裂解体系在膜上进行反复的往返振动,从而使裂解液与细胞进行充分的接触,有效提高了细胞裂解的程度,提高了大分子蛋白的回收率,并通过条件优化确定了装置的最佳运行条件。     

基于A320飞机横航向控制律架构的LQ设计

空客A320飞机横航向控制律采用特征结构配置方法计算闭环增益,实现了期望特征值的配置及横航向关键参数之间的解耦。基于A320横航向控制律架构,提出使用线性二次型(Linear Quadratic,简称LQ)方法,对闭环增益进行重新设计。首先根据期望的特征值引入关键参数的频域整形环节,而后通过调整二次型性能指标加权矩阵实现期望特征值的逼近及关键参数之间的解耦,并求得闭环反馈增益,最后在特征结构、稳定裕度和横航向解耦效果方面与空客设计结果作了对比分析。仿真结果表明,LQ设计可获得与特征结构配置设计相近的结果,即得到接近期望值的特征值,并实现关键变量的解耦,同时保证了闭环稳定裕度。     

Surface Composition of Vesta: Issues and Integrated Approach

The instruments on the Dawn spacecraft are exceptionally well suited to characterize and map the surface composition of Vesta in an integrated manner. These include a framing camera with multispectral capabilities, a high spectral resolution near-infrared imaging spectrometer, and a gamma-ray and neutron spectrometer. Three examples of issues addressed at Vesta are: (1) What is the composition of Vesta??s interior and differentiation state as exposed by the Great South Crater? (2) How has space weathering affected Vesta, both globally and at a local scale? and (3) Are volatiles or hydrated material present on Vesta??s surface? We predict that Dawn finds many surprises, such as an olivine-bearing mantle exposed near the south-pole, a weakly or un-weathered surface that has been relatively recently resurfaced, and a very thin layer of surficial volatiles derived from interaction with the solar wind.     

Numerical study of intrachamber processes dynamics at nozzleless solid propellant rocket engine actuation

The results of the comprehensive numerical analysis for dynamics of intrachamber processes that appear at nozzleless solid propellant rocket engine (SPRE) actuation are presented. A complete cycle of rocket engine operation is analyzed. We solve a conjugate problem involving the igniter actuation; heating, ignition and following combustion of a solid propellant charge; a combustion product flow in the combustion chamber; depressurization of the combustion chamber, and the subsequent motion of the rocket engine blank; variation of the combustion surface geometry at the expense of the gradual and nonuniform burnout of solid propellant web.     

Optimum parameters of a gravitational satellite-stabilizer system

Dynamics of a satellite-stabilizer system is studied. It is supposed that there is a viscous friction in a hinge connecting two bodies, but there is no elasticity. The attitude motion in a plane of circular orbit is considered, and parameters are determined, at which natural oscillations near a stable equilibrium position in the orbital coordinate system are damped out most rapidly. The rate of transient processes is estimated by a value of the degree of stability of linearized equations of motion. The optimization of the degree of stability is sequentially performed in dimensionless damping coefficient (the first stage) and in inertial system parameters (the second stage). The result of the first stage is the partition of system parameter space into the regions, in each of which the maximum of the degree of stability is reached on a particular configuration of roots of the characteristic equation. It is shown at the second stage that the global maximum is reached at two points of parameter space, where one of system bodies degenerates into a plate, and the characteristic equation has four equal real roots.