MHD structures, waves and turbulence in the solar wind: Observations and theories

A comprehensive overview is presented of recent observational and theoretical results on solar wind structures and fluctuations and magnetohydrodynamic waves and turbulence, with preference given to phenomena in the inner heliosphere. Emphasis is placed on the progress made in the past decade in the understanding of the nature and origin of especially small-scale, compressible and incompressible fluctuations. Turbulence models to describe the spatial transport and spectral transfer of the fluctuations in the inner heliosphere are discussed, and results from direct numerical simulations are dealt with. Intermittency of solar wind fluctuations and their statistical distributions are briefly investigated. Studies of the heating and acceleration effects of the turbulence on the background wind are critically surveyed. Finally, open questions concerning the origin, nature and evolution of the fluctuations are listed, and possible avenues and perspectives for future research are outlined.     

复合丁羟推进剂压强指数现状评述

本文详细叙述了我国研究压强指数的历史、低压强指数的优点,列举了我国丁羟推进剂压强指数研究的状况,分析比较了国内外水平,指出了今后努力方向.     

碳／环氧复合材料薄壁细长管件的研制与试验

文章简要介绍了碳／环氧复合材料薄壁细长管件的研制情况，着重介绍了工艺方案选定、选材和材料特性试验、成型工艺及解决主要技术难点等内容。制品经地面环模和飞行试验考验，取得了满意效果。     

碳/环氧复合材料薄壁细长管件的研制与试验

文章简要介绍了碳/环氧复合材料薄壁细长管件的研制情况,着重介绍了工艺方案选定、选材和材料特性试验、成型工艺及解决主要技术难点等内容。制品经地面环模和飞行试验考验,取得了满意效果。     

不同力学边界下梯度功能材料板稳态热应力

用有限元法研究了由ZrO2和Ti-6Al-4V组成的梯度功能材料板的稳态热应力问题，检验了研究方法的正确性，给出了不同力学边界条件下该材料板的稳态热应力场分布。结果表明：无限自由长板内的热应力最小；当无限长板只能伸长、不能弯曲时，板内稳态拉应力最大，比无限自由长板时板内最大拉应力增大6．1倍；当无限长板的伸长、弯曲受限时，板内的压应力最大，比无限自由长板时板内最大压应力增大12．0倍；此外，材料组分形状分布系数M、对流换热系数、环境介质温度和孔隙度的变化对不同力学边界条件下该材料板稳态热应力场的影响显著。此结果为该材料的设计和应用提供了准确的理论计算依据。     

Emission heights of coronal bright points on Fe XII radiance map

The study of coronal bright points (BPs) is important for understanding coronal heating and the origin of the solar wind. Previous studies indicated that coronal BPs have a highly significant tendency to coincide with magnetic neutral lines in the photosphere. Here we further studied the emission heights of the BPs above the photosphere in the bipolar magnetic loops that are apparently associated with them. As BPs are seen in projection against the disk their true emission heights are unknown. The correlation of the BP locations on the Fe XII radiance map from EIT with the magnetic field features (in particular neutral lines) was investigated in detail. The coronal magnetic field was determined by an extrapolation of the photospheric field (derived from 2-D magnetograms obtained from the Kitt Peak observatory) to different altitudes above the disk. It was found that most BPs sit on or near a photospheric neutral line, but that the emission occurs at a height of about 5 Mm. Some BPs, while being seen in projection, still seem to coincide with neutral lines, although their emission takes place at heights of more than 10 Mm. Such coincidences almost disappear for emissions above 20 Mm. We also projected the upper segments of the 3-D magnetic field lines above different heights, respectively, on to the tangent x–y plane, where x is in the east–west and y in the south–north direction. The shape of each BP was compared with the respective field-line segment nearby. This comparison suggests that most coronal BPs are actually located on the top of their associated magnetic loops. Finally, we calculated for each selected BP region the correlation coefficient between the Fe XII intensity enhancement and the horizontal component of the extrapolated magnetic field vector at the same x–y position in planes of different heights, respectively. We found that for almost all the BP regions we studied the correlation coefficient, with increasing height, increases to a maximal value and then decreases again. The height corresponding to this maximum was defined as the correlation height, which for most bright points was found to range below 20 Mm.     

低速翼型近场尾流及其后缘边界层流动特性之热线测量结果

本文对低速翼型近场尾流及其后缘边界层流动中的有关参数(如平均流速(?),雷诺应力(?))的测量方法,实验设备,实验结果分析等作了简要叙述。对测量中需严格控制的有关问题也进行了讨论。实验结果表明本文采用的测量方法是可行的。     

一座柔壁低湍流度风洞收缩段设计及主要工作特性

本文介绍了一座“柔壁低湍流度风洞”收缩段气动设计中的几个关键问題:合理选用较大的收缩比,恰当选定变湍流度网格位置和采用五次方壁型曲线。试验结果表明,这座雷诺数较大的、具有柔壁功能的低(变)湍流度风洞有优良的流场品质,尤其是湍流度可低达0.01%～0.02%,并具有大范围的变湍流度能力。     

气动补偿空速管的研究与发展

气动补偿空速管是与飞行安全性和飞机飞行的高度分层密切相关的重要器件,在改进现役飞机和设计新机空速系统中起着重要作用。本文依据多年来大量的气动计算和风洞实验所得到的结果,叙述了气动补偿空速管的原理、分类、设计思想、特点、风洞校准、气动计算、使用和发展等情况。     

极低湍流度下翼型边界层及近场尾流的雷诺应力测量试验研究

在西北工业大学低湍流度风洞中，用热线风速仪在对称翼型边界层及近场尾流中，于２０多处剖面上移测速度型、湍流强度、雷诺正应力及切应力等湍流参量。着重讨论了各雷诺应力分量的分布。结果表明，在边界屋和尾流宽度方向及流动方向上均有明显的规律性，其有关特征值明显低于常规风洞湍流度下的结果。