Drop test and crash simulation of a civil airplane fuselage section

Crashworthiness of a civil airplane fuselage section was studied in this paper. Firstly, the failure criterion of a rivet was studied by test, showing that the ultimate tension and shear failure loads were obviously affected by the loading speed. The relations between the loading speed and the average ultimate shear, tension loads were expressed by two logarithmic functions. Then, a vertical drop test of a civil airplane fuselage section was conducted with an actual impact velocity of6.85 m/s, meanwhile the deformation of cabin frame and the accelerations at typical locations were measured. The finite element model of a main fuselage structure was developed and validated by modal test, and the error between the calculated frequencies and the test ones of the first four modes were less than 5%. Numerical simulation of the drop test was performed by using the LS-DYNA code and the simulation results show a good agreement with that of drop test. Deforming mode of the analysis was the same as the drop test; the maximum average rigid acceleration in test was 8.81 g while the calculated one was 9.17 g, with an error of 4.1%; average maximum test deformation at four points on the front cabin floor was 420 mm, while the calculated one was 406 mm, with an error of 3.2%; the peak value of the calculated acceleration at a typical location was 14.72 g, which is lower than the test result by 5.46%; the calculated rebound velocity result was greater than the test result 17.8% and energy absorption duration was longer than the test result by 5.73%.     

Multi-objective evolutionary design of selective triple modular redundancy systems against SEUs

To improve the reliability of spaceborne electronic systems,a fault-tolerant strategy of selective triple modular redundancy(STMR)based on multi-objective optimization and evolvable hardware(EHW)against single-event upsets(SEUs)for circuits implemented on field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs)based on static random access memory(SRAM)is presented in this paper.Various topologies of circuit with the same functionality are evolved using EHW firstly.Then the SEU-sensitive gates of each circuit are identified using signal probabilities of all the lines in it,and each circuit is hardened against SEUs by selectively applying triple modular redundancy(TMR)to these SEU-sensitive gates.Afterward,each circuit hardened has been evaluated by SEU Simulation,and the multi-objective optimization technology is introduced to optimize the area overhead and the number of functional errors of all the circuits.The proposed fault-tolerant strategy is tested on four circuits from microelectronics center of North Carolina(MCNC)benchmark suite.The experimental results show that it can generate innovative trade-off solutions to compromise between hardware resource consumption and system reliability.The maximum savings in the area overhead of the STMR circuit over the full TMR design is 58%with the same SEU immunity.     

Mechanism of unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of an elliptic airfoil

Abstract The aerodynamic characteristics of elliptic airfoil are quite different from the case of conventional airfoil for Reynolds number varying from about 10~4to 10~6.In order to reveal the fundamental mechanism,the unsteady flow around a stationary two-dimensional elliptic airfoil with 16%relative thickness has been simulated using unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the γ-Reθt transition turbulence model at different angles of attack for flow Reynolds number of 5×10~5.The aerodynamic coefficients and the pressure distribution obtained by computation are in good agreement with experimental data,which indicates that the numerical method works well.Through this study,the mechanism of the unconventional aerodynamic characteristics of airfoil is analyzed and discussed based on the computational predictions coupled with the wind tunnel results.It is considered that the boundary layer transition at the leading edge and the unsteady flow separation vortices at the trailing edge are the causes of the case.Furthermore,a valuable insight into the physics of how the flow behavior affects the elliptic airfoil’s aerodynamics is provided.     

直升机应急漂浮系统传感器模块可靠性分析

直升机应急漂浮系统是直升机海上救生的主要装备之一,对其传感器模块进行可靠性分析,对保证直 升机应急漂浮系统安全运行、坠水过程中可靠触发至关重要。在充分了解非同型单元k/n(G)表决系统的基础 上,通过 Matlab/Simulink搭建不同逻辑关系下传感器模块的蒙特卡罗模拟平台,并进行相应模拟与理论计算。 结果表明:将蒙特卡罗模拟应用于传感器模块的可靠性分析具有一定的可行性与有效性;依据功能危险性分析 相应结论,并结合可靠性分析结果,该直升机应急漂浮系统传感器模块选择3/5表决系统最为合适。研究结果可为后续相似模块的逻辑关系选择与可靠性设计提供技术路线。     

地域环境是塑造人体肠道微生物的主导因素

肠道是人体最大的微生物菌库,肠道微生物的群落结构和功能改变会影响人体的免疫和代谢系统,与多种疾病的发生和发展有关。宿主的遗传、年龄、性别、疾病状态、用药、激素水平、生活环境、地域、饮食和生活习惯等均会不同程度地影响人体肠道稳态。饮食和生活习惯不仅会在短期内塑造肠道菌群,长期来看也是调整和干预肠道菌群最有效的方式。有研究认为肠道微生物差异始于宿主基因,但最新的一项研究发现,宿主基因型仅可解释个体间微生物差异的1.9%, 而生活在同一地域环境中、饮食和生活习惯相近的人,其肠道菌群组成和功能更加相似^[1]。一项中国人群的研究中也证实了地域是决定肠道菌群特征的决定性因素^[2]。这一方面提示我们在进行肠道微生物与疾病的临床干预性研究中应充分考虑宿主生活的地域环境、饮食和生活习惯,另一方面也提醒我们进行地域特异性肠道微生物研究的重要性和价值。我国幅员辽阔, 地域丰富,民族众多,但目前我国的肠道微生物研究多集中在东南沿海等发展程度较高的城市,在西北地区却相当缺乏。 我国西北地区地处高原地带,高海拔,低氧压,昼夜温差大,造就了独特的生活环境、饮食文化和风俗习惯,在当地生活着包括藏、回、东乡、裕固等多个少数民族的人群,因此进行我国西北地区少数民族人群肠道微生物的研究对探究特定地域环境和饮食生活条件下人群的健康和疾病发生及发展具有重要价值,同时,也有助于寻找新的疾病治疗菌株,为地域性高发病和疑难杂症等的预防和诊治提供基于肠道微生物的参考^[2]。     

跨声速风洞高速段一体化数值模拟研究

追求高亚声速经济巡航的民机、跨声速高机动特性的战斗机对高性能跨声速风洞的需求日趋紧迫,开 展跨声速风洞高速段一体化数值模拟研究,对跨声速风洞设计具有一定的参考意义。通过非对称平板扩压器 算例,初步验证计算方法的可行性,并对跨声速风洞高速段进行计算收敛评判方法、不同初始条件和槽壁扩张 角等因素研究。结果表明:采用模型区前后两个监测点马赫数变化作为收敛判据,方法可行且模型区流场均 匀;不同初始化条件对收敛结果总体影响较小,特别是各截面流场分布和槽道流动方向上,两者结果基本相同; 跨声速状态槽壁扩张角0.3°得到的试验段模型区域流场品质较槽壁扩张角0.0°更均匀。     

阻燃FRP包装箱抗静电性能研究

研究了抗静电剂A和B及偶联剂对RTM成型阻燃FRP包装箱材料抗静电、燃烧、弯曲和冲击性能的影响.结果表明,3%抗静电剂A和1%抗静电剂B能使材料体积电阻率降到4.0 × 107Ω·cm;加入抗静电剂的同时,增强体用偶联剂处理,包装箱材料的氧指数为27.6,弯曲强度和模量分别为176.4 MPa、9.4 GPa,冲击强度为164.1 kJ/m2,可以满足FRP包装箱的阻燃、抗静电和力学性能要求.     

基于微胞体划分的三维编织复合材料有效力学性能分析

对三维编织复合材料的编织工艺和材料细观结构进行了深入的分析,提出一种微胞体划分技术,细观结构复杂的单胞体被划分为两类结构简单的微胞体有规则的集合;对每类微胞体分别求出其各自的等效弹性性能,不同的微胞体在有限元分析中被认为是不同的均质材料,建立了基于微胞体划分技术下的三维有限元分析方法;对三维四步1×1矩形编织复合材料的有效力学性能进行了预测,结果与实验吻合较好。     

民航海拉尔空管站的“空中交警”

说到交警,大家应该非常熟悉。无论是春夏秋冬还是严寒酷暑,我们每天都能看见他们熟悉的身影,站在公路中央维护交通秩序,确保交通畅通无阻,确保车辆和行人的安全。而“空中交警”是空中交通管制员的昵称,通俗的讲他们主要任务就是指挥飞机从起飞机场安全到达目的地机场,保证空中