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951.
P. Alexander R. Ruscica A.A. Sörensson C.G. Menéndez 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Adequate representations of diverse dynamical processes in general circulation models (GCM) are necessary to obtain reliable simulations of the present and the future. The parameterization of orographic gravity wave drag (GWD) is one of the critical components of GCM. It is therefore convenient to evaluate whether standard orographic GWD parameterizations are appropriate. One alternative is to study the generation of gravity waves (GW) with horizontal resolutions that are higher than those used in current GCM simulations. Here we assess the seasonal pattern of topographic GW momentum flux (GWMF) generation for the late 20th and 21st centuries in a downscaling using the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change A1B emission conditions. We focus on one of the world’s strongest extra-tropical GW zones, the Andes Mountains at mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. The presence of two GCM sub-grid scale structures locally contributing to GWMF (one positive and one negative) is found to the East of the mountains. For the late 21st century the strength of these structures during the GW high season increases around 23% with respect to the late 20th century, but the GWMF average over GCM grid cell scales remains negative and nearly constant around −0.015 Pa. This constitutes a steady significant contribution during GW high season, which is not related to the GWMF released by individual sporadic strong GW events. This characteristic agrees with the fact that no statistically significant variation in GWMF at source level has been observed in recent GCM simulations of atmospheric change induced by increases in greenhouse gases. 相似文献
952.
Aerodynamic characteristics of two-dimensional smart flap under the ground effect have been assessed by a numerical simulation. In this process, a pressure-based implicit procedure to solve Navier–Stokes equations on a nonorthogonal mesh with collocated finite volume formulation is used. The boundedness criteria for this procedure are determined from the Normalized Variable Diagram (NVD) scheme. The procedure incorporates the k–ε eddy–viscosity turbulence model. Cantilever beam with uniformly varying load with roller support at the free end is considered for the configuration of the smart flap. The method is first validated against experimental data. Then, the algorithm is applied for turbulent aerodynamic flows around airfoil with smart and conventional flaps for different attack angle, flap angle and ground clearance where the results of two flaps are compared. The comparisons show that the quality of the solution is considerable. 相似文献
953.
954.
H.S. Ahluwalia J. Jackiewicz 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
The decay phase of the sunspot cycle 23 exhibited two unusual features. First, it lasted too long. Second, the interplanetary magnetic field intensity at earth orbit reached the lowest value since in situ measurements in space began in October 1963. These physical anomalies significantly altered the early forecasts for the sunspot activity parameters for cycle 24, made by several colleagues. We note that there was a significant change in the solar behavior during cycle 22. We discuss the observed trends and their effect on our empirical solar activity forecast technique, leading to our prediction for cycle 24 parameters; cycle 24 will be only half as active as cycle 23, reaching its peak in May 2013. We speculate on the possible implications of this outcome on future earth climate change and the ensuing socio-economic consequences. 相似文献
955.
956.
J. Mazur L. Friesen A. Lin D. Mabry N. Katz Y. Dotan J. George J. B. Blake M. Looper M. Redding T. P. O’Brien J. Cha A. Birkitt P. Carranza M. Lalic F. Fuentes R. Galvan M. McNab 《Space Science Reviews》2013,179(1-4):221-261
The Relativistic Proton Spectrometer (RPS) on the Radiation Belt Storm Probes spacecraft is a particle spectrometer designed to measure the flux, angular distribution, and energy spectrum of protons from ~60 MeV to ~2000 MeV. RPS will investigate decades-old questions about the inner Van Allen belt proton environment: a nearby region of space that is relatively unexplored because of the hazards of spacecraft operation there and the difficulties in obtaining accurate proton measurements in an intense penetrating background. RPS is designed to provide the accuracy needed to answer questions about the sources and losses of the inner belt protons and to obtain the measurements required for the next-generation models of trapped protons in the magnetosphere. In addition to detailed information for individual protons, RPS features count rates at a 1-second timescale, internal radiation dosimetry, and information about electrostatic discharge events on the RBSP spacecraft that together will provide new information about space environmental hazards in the Earth’s magnetosphere. 相似文献
957.
Marco B. Quadrelli Paul Backes W. Keats Wilkie Lou Giersch Ubaldo Quijano Jason Keim Daniel Scharf Rudranarayan Mukherjee S. Case Bradford Michael McKee 《Acta Astronautica》2011,68(7-8):947-973
This paper summarizes the modeling, simulation, and testing work related to the development of technology to investigate the potential that shape memory actuation has to provide mechanically simple and affordable solutions for delivering assets to a surface and for sample capture and possible return to Earth. We investigate the structural dynamics and controllability aspects of an adaptive beam carrying an end-effector which, by changing material equilibrium phases, is able to actively decouple the end-effector dynamics from the spacecraft dynamics during the surface contact phase. Asset delivery and sample capture and return are at the heart of several emerging potential missions to small bodies, such as asteroids and comets, and to the surface of large bodies, such as Titan. 相似文献
958.
Concept of monitoring for thermostressed state and service life of aircraft gas turbine engine blades 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. G. Kulikov V. A. Trushin A. I. Abdulnagimov A. A. Ganeev 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2016,59(1):77-83
A concept of monitoring for material properties with residual life estimation of rotor blades for gas turbine engines is proposed. The structure of on-board control and conditionmonitoring system based on the intelligent pyrometer module with the algorithm for calculating the residual life of turbine rotor blades is described. 相似文献
959.
R.?A.?KayumovEmail author I.?Z.?Mukhamedova E.?B.?Tuisina 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2016,59(4):452-459
This paper considers a beam with a technological longitudinal section on the level of the gravity center of the cross section that is loaded by a vertical concentrated force. We study the structure durability depending on the load amplitude and the initial crack length. 相似文献
960.
A.?E.?Remizov V.?V.?Vyatkov V.?A.?LebedevEmail author 《Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ)》2016,59(4):559-564
Methods to control flow have been considered in order to reduce end losses in blade rows of GTE gas turbines by means of measures taken at the design stage. 相似文献