Near-infrared detection of potential evidence for microscopic organisms on Europa

The possibility of an ocean within the icy shell of Jupiter's moon Europa has established that world as a primary candidate in the search for extraterrestrial life within our Solar System. This paper evaluates the potential to detect evidence for microbial life by comparing laboratory studies of terrestrial microorganisms with measurements from the Galileo Near Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (NIMS). If the interior of Europa at one time harbored life, some evidence may remain in the surface materials. Examination of laboratory spectra of terrestrial extremophiles measured at cryogenic temperatures reveals distorted, asymmetric nearinfrared absorption features due to water of hydration. The band centers, widths, and shapes of these features closely match those observed in the Europa spectra. These features are strongest in reddish-brown, disrupted terrains such as linea and chaos regions. Narrow spectral features due to amide bonds in the microbe proteins provide a means of constraining the abundances of such materials using the NIMS data. The NIMS data of disrupted terrains exhibit distorted, asymmetric near-infrared absorption features consistent with the presence of water ice, sulfuric acid octahydrate, hydrated salts, and possibly as much as 0.2 mg cm(-3) of carbonaceous material that could be of biological origin. However, inherent noise in the observations and limitations of spectral sampling must be taken into account when discussing these findings.     

Eye light flashes on the Mir space station

The phenomenon of light flashes (LF) in eyes for people in space has been investigated onboard Mir. Data on particles hitting the eye have been collected with the SilEye detectors, and correlated with human observations. It is found that a nucleus in the radiation environment of Mir has roughly a 1% probability to cause an LF, whereas the proton probability is almost three orders of magnitude less. As a function of LET, the LF probability increases above 10 keV/micrometer, reaching about 5% at around 50 keV/micrometer.     

Measurements of radiation exposure in civil aircraft

The radiation exposures on 12 flights of German airlines were measured with an active dosemeter based on two silicon semiconductors. The dependence on the date, altitude and route of the flights was studied. Measured dose rates and preliminary dose equivalent rates of the individual flights are given and compared with model calculations.     

收敛形进气道数值研究的验证

介绍一种新型的、具有最小喉道面积的三维高超声速进气道 (称之为收敛形进气道 )的数值和实验研究结果。表明使用这种形式的进气道 ,在整个飞行速度范围内可以降低阻力和高超声速发动机表面的热防护要求 ,通过降低外压缩表面的倾斜度和减少进气道及燃烧室壁的面积就可以做到这一点。在采用低维次流动的气体动力设计方法的基础上设计成这种形式的进气道。计算是在无粘气体模型构架内用有限体积法进行的。同时用边界层方程计算出计及粘性的气流特性和进气道特性。数值算法是通过收敛形进气道的有限宽楔形外压缩表面的计算和实验数据来验证的。进行实验研究的马赫数M=2～ 1 0 7,基于模型进气道高度的雷诺数Re=( 1～ 5) × 1 0 6。数值计算与实验结果一致性很好。这些结果也和通常的二维进气道的数据作了比较。     

贝尔—波音609开始投产

贝尔—波音公司开始在波音直升机公司费城工厂重建一条大型生产线,组装609型倾转旋翼机的机身,为生产第一种商用倾转旋翼机加快速度。同时贝尔公司在其沃特堡工厂建立主机翼组装生产线,准备生产第一副复合材料机     

用跟踪卫星的方法对陆上脉冲雷达进行自校准

本文介绍东靶场所用的雷达校准方法——只需用单台雷达本身对两次连续通过的卫星进行被动跟踪,结合理论运动方程、已知的物理常数和有关的计算机程序便可,而不需要别的跟踪数据和外部计算的星历表。在例行校准中,零位偏倚和不水平度的估计精度可达6米(距离)和0.03毫弧度(角度)。在良好的条件下,可按同样的精度测定另外5个雷达误差模型系数。文中介绍了东靶场雷达的现有精度。     

圆度误差的一种微机图像测量法

将圆度误差测量的影像法与最小二乘圆法相结合，利用多媒体图像处理技术，设计了一种圆度误差的微机自动测量系统，实现了非接触、远距离快速测量，提高了测量精确度，为某些特殊工件的测量提供了一套实用的测量方法。     

基于我国深空站三向测量模式的数据精度分析

为了验证我国深空站三向测量模式的正确性,以同步星跟踪试验中的测量数据为基础,建立了站间同步修正算法和三向测量观测模型,通过与同步卫星的精密星历反算测量值比较,得到了测量数据的标定参数,结果表明,我国深空站测控能够实现dm级的测量精度,明显优于“嫦娥二号”测量的水平;同时利用测量数据进行定轨策略分析,最终实现了10 m量级的同步卫星定轨精度.分析结果为“嫦娥三号”探测器实施有效测控提供了依据.     

用在动态试验环境中的硅机械传感器

ＤＥＲＡ Ｆａｒｎｂｏｒｏｕｇｈ附属弹药装置与装配研究目前的主要目标是在保证装填器／发射器有效性的情况下改进一个典型的原理性离岸导弹附属弹药的充填度。武器的有效性研究指出实际上离岸导弹（ＳＯＭ）的可行有效载荷为八个５０ｋｇ的附属弹药。这些附属弹药将以两个一组的对称方式发射，对单个目标具有内部程序设定的能力，所以需要了解在发射期间作用在这些附属弹药上的冲击和加速度载荷，ＤＲＥＡ Ｍａｌｖｅｒｎ所进行