基于BP神经网络的介质表面充电电位反演方法

为了实现全面、实时的在轨卫星充放电风险分析,基于在相同环境下,不同材料表面充电的关联性,利用BP神经网络建立了一种由Kapton材料表面充电电位反演卫星其他常用介质材料表面电位的模型。以Kapton材料的表面电位以及材料厚度为输入,其他介质材料的表面电位作为模型输出,使用COMSOL建立的表面充电模型对神经网络进行训练,将反演误差降低到10%以下,并利用Kapton与Teflon材料表面充电地面试验数据验证反演模型的准确性,结果显示Teflon表面电位的反演值与实测值间的相对误差小于16%。     

基于离子风电推进系统的平流层飞艇飞行轨迹分析

针对传统螺旋桨受大气密度等环境变化影响,推力和效率显著下降的特点,提出将新型离子风电推进系统应用于平流层飞艇,建立动力学模型和相应推力模型,通过Simulink模块开展轨迹跟踪与定点控制仿真,并对15 km到30 km高度上螺旋桨和离子风作为平流层飞艇主动力的飞行轨迹进行对比分析。结果表明,40 kW功率下,在20 km以上高度,离子风动力飞艇的飞行曲线偏移量与瞬态响应时间远小于螺旋桨动力飞艇。通过优化离子风推进器的结构,选取最佳电压和电极间隙,有可能实现离子风作为飞艇的主动力。     

一种新的微细精密航空制造技术—纯水微细电解加工的工艺研究(英文)

为了寻求航空精密微细制造新技术并实现绿色制造和精密微细制造,对一种新型微细电解加工方法——纯水微细电解加工进行了研究。基于水解离机理,在新研制的试验装置上,采用不同的试验条件,进行了一系列工艺试验,探索并揭示了实现纯水微细电解加工的必要工艺条件和工艺规律,加工了圆孔和字母"PW-ECM";还研究了超声振动—纯水电解复合加工新方法,进而在不锈钢薄片上加工出三角、方形盲孔、三角通孔;试验研究结果证明了纯水微细电解加工的可行性。     

Nighttime cloud properties retrieval using MODIS and artificial neural networks

In this work a methodology for inferring water cloud macro and microphysical properties from nighttime MODIS imagery is developed. This method is based on the inversion of a theoretical radiative transfer model that simulates the radiances detected in each of the sensor infrared bands. To accomplish this inversion, an operational technique based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is proposed, whose main characteristic is the ability to retrieve cloud properties much faster than conventional methods. Furthermore, a detailed study of input data is performed to avoid different sources of errors that appear in several MODIS infrared channels. Finally, results of applying the proposed method are compared with in-situ measurements carried out during the DYCOMS-II field experiment.     

我国利率市场化改革的难点与对策

利率市场化是麦金农和肖金融发展理论针对发展中国家的金融抑制问题提出的重要措施之一.实现利率市场化,需要具备一些基本的条件.我国经济发展水平较低,金融市场发展的不平衡和金融监管滞后,金融制度的不完善以及宏观经济环境的不稳定等因素是我国利率市场化改革的难点.进一步推进利率市场化改革,需要从多方面努力,发展市场经济,提高企业的竞争力;完善金融市场,健全金融监管体系;完善企业金融制度,形成合理的利率形成机制;维护良好的宏观经济运行环境,减轻通胀压力.     

关于多目标气动优化设计中伴随方法与对策理论的耦合研究(英文)

本文研究了多目标气动优化设计中伴随方法和对策理论的耦合问题,给出了伴随方法在每个对策策略中的具体应用和数值方法。在合作对策中伴随方法被并行地执行以共同得到Pareto阵面上的最优解;相反在Nash对策中伴随方法在Nash策略的最后被耦合起来以互相竞争的形式得到各自目标的最优解;而在Stackel-berg对策中伴随方法被分层耦合进"领头人"和"跟随者"的策略中以求解他们相互依赖的平衡解。文末的优化算例表明了本文耦合算法及其数值过程在求解多目标气动优化设计问题中的有效性。     

冷轧张应力分布模型及其在辊系变形计算中的应用

以往张应力分布计算多以实验为基础,或理论模型建立过程中采用了过多假设,使张应力分布计算精度受到很大限制,针对这些情况,提出利用变分法建立单元出口张应力计算模型,并与影响函数法相结合建立了冷轧前张力横向分布计算模型及辊系弹性变形计算模型,并开发了相应的计算程序.用该程序计算了某公司单机架可逆冷轧机的单位宽轧制力、辊间压力、轧件厚度以及张应力等的横向分布并进行了分析.实例计算表明,计算结果与生产实测数据吻合较好,证明了理论模型是实用可靠的.     

Interplanetary origin of geomagnetic storms

Around solar maximum, the dominant interplanetary phenomena causing intense magnetic storms (Dst<−100 nT) are the interplanetary manifestations of fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Two interplanetary structures are important for the development of storms, involving intense southward IMFs: the sheath region just behind the forward shock, and the CME ejecta itself. Whereas the initial phase of a storm is caused by the increase in plasma ram pressure associated with the increase in density and speed at and behind the shock (accompanied by a sudden impulse [SI] at Earth), the storm main phase is due to southward IMFs. If the fields are southward in both of the sheath and solar ejecta, two-step main phase storms can result and the storm intensity can be higher. The storm recovery phase begins when the IMF turns less southward, with delays of ≈1–2 hours, and has typically a decay time of 10 hours. For CMEs involving clouds the intensity of the core magnetic field and the amplitude of the speed of the cloud seems to be related, with a tendency that clouds which move at higher speeds also posses higher core magnetic field strengths, thus both contributing to the development of intense storms since those two parameters are important factors in genering the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling via the reconnection process. During solar minimum, high speed streams from coronal holes dominate the interplanetary medium activity. The high-density, low-speed streams associated with the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) plasma impinging upon the Earth's magnetosphere cause positive Dst values (storm initial phases if followed by main phases). In the absence of shocks, SIs are infrequent during this phase of the solar cycle. High-field regions called Corotating Interaction Regions (CIRs) are mainly created by the fast stream (emanating from a coronal hole) interaction with the HCS plasma sheet. However, because the B_z component is typically highly fluctuating within the CIRs, the main phases of the resultant magnetic storms typically have highly irregular profiles and are weaker. Storm recovery phases during this phase of the solar cycle are also quite different in that they can last from many days to weeks. The southward magnetic field (B_s) component of Alfvén waves in the high speed stream proper cause intermittent reconnection, intermittent substorm activity, and sporadic injections of plasma sheet energy into the outer portion of the ring current, prolonging its final decay to quiet day values. This continuous auroral activity is called High Intensity Long Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAAs). Possible interplanetary mechanisms for the creation of very intense magnetic storms are discussed. We examine the effects of a combination of a long-duration southward sheath magnetic field, followed by a magnetic cloud B_s event. We also consider the effects of interplanetary shock events on the sheath plasma. Examination of profiles of very intense storms from 1957 to the present indicate that double, and sometimes triple, IMF B_s events are important causes of such events. We also discuss evidence that magnetic clouds with very intense core magnetic fields tend to have large velocities, thus implying large amplitude interplanetary electric fields that can drive very intense storms. Finally, we argue that a combination of complex interplanetary structures, involving in rare occasions the interplanetary manifestations of subsequent CMEs, can lead to extremely intense storms. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

低空无人机交通管理概览与建议综述

大量无序飞行的低空无人机运行会对地面设施、公共安全、空中载人飞行器等带来危害。然而,目前民航空中交通管理不能适应未来数以百万架的无人机。为了应对该挑战,世界各国针对低空无人机空中交通管理开发了新框架。低空无人机空中交通管理属于近几年出来的新事物。藉此聚焦于低空无人机交通管理,从4个方面进行概览：低空无人机相关的空中交通基本概念及现状、低空无人机交通管理介绍、低空无人机交通管理的关键技术和低空无人机交通管理相关科学问题,以期望对无人机产业健康发展有一定的建议意义。     

跨飞行器金属舱壁无线无源烧损传感技术

无线无源传感技术作为适应恶劣工作环境的重要手段，在飞行器防热层烧损监测应用中仍然面临无源信息无法跨越金属机体的困难。提出一种基于声学能量耦合与电路熔断相结合的防热层烧损无源监测新方法。阐述了该方法的原理、实现方案，并对跨越金属介质获得防热层内埋熔丝状态信息的关键原理进行了实验验证，结果表明该方法能有效穿透典型厚度铝合金舱壁，在25 ℃–85 ℃的温度范围内均可有效辨识检测信号的变化，并且能有效避免强震动环境影响。方法避免了对金属机体结构件的开孔和破坏，可用于对高速飞行器、再入航天器和新一代空天往返运输系统防热层的在线健康监测。