中心锥冷却对喷管腔体红外辐射的抑制作用数值分析

航空发动机高温部件是发动机3~5μm上的重要红外辐射之一,对高温部件之一的中心锥的红外抑制技术进行了数值研究.在中心锥前端布置气膜缝槽,缝槽几何参数经过优化设计,将部分外涵低温气流经过支板引入中心锥,对支板和锥体壁面形成冲击冷却,在锥体前端形成气膜覆盖,使得支板与中心锥壁面得到了有效冷却,两者平均温度分别降低21.1%和46.2%,冷却气量约为外涵流量的1.6%.喷管腔体3~5μm波段上红外辐射得到有效抑制,喷管正后方红外辐射相比原型喷管降低30%,0°~45°范围内红外辐射则明显降低.      

一种适合于旋翼前飞非定常流场计算的新型运动嵌套网格方法

针对旋翼流场计算中关键的运动嵌套网格技术,提出了一个新的网格单元关系快速判断方法。该方法通过计算特殊网格点在背景网格上的位置来建立桨叶网格在背景网格中所占据范围的关系,并用于嵌套网格洞单元的识别,又进一步将该方法推广用于Inverse Map的建立,在此基础上,建立了一套用于前飞流场计算的运动嵌套方法。通过多种前飞旋翼测试算例,分别评估了背景网格、桨叶网格尺寸改变对计算时间的影响,同时验证了该方法的可靠性,结果表明构建网格嵌套关系所用时间随桨叶网格和背景网格尺寸的变化幅度较小,且具有良好的鲁棒性,能够满足旋翼前飞状态计算的需要。最后,在基于前飞非定常N-S/Euler流场求解器中,采用该方法模拟了UH-60A和7A旋翼悬停/前飞状态的气动特性,通过计算时间的对比体现出该方法的高效性,并且流场计算结果与试验数据对比表明该方法可以有效地用于旋翼前飞非定常流场的计算。     

专用跨声速风洞开孔壁试验段设计数值模拟

 在跨声速范围内,战斗机内埋式武器弹舱流场具有强烈的非定常特征。为获得准确的试验数据,需要对我国唯一的2 m量级以上的2.4 m×2.4 m引射驱动式跨声速风洞开孔壁面试验段进行适应性改造。通过采用计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法对引导风洞试验段设计方案进行评估优化,以获得最佳设计结果。与采用马赫数为1.4的喷管和开孔壁面试验段时的试验结果相比较,文中采用的开孔试验段壁板边界条件能获得较为准确的流场特性。对设计方案的数值研究结果表明,前过渡段的收缩与扩张降低了试验段气流质量,后过渡段引射缝开度明显影响分离特性,对前过渡段开孔率分布规律的优化使试验段流场均匀性达到了试验要求。     

基体曲率对热障涂层结合强度影响的无损检测研究

 针对复杂型面航空发动机涡轮叶片表面热障涂层(TBCs)的失效问题,采用交流阻抗谱(IS)法和洛氏硬度(RH)压痕法对比研究了制备在平板基体和曲率基体上,热障涂层在热循环过程中微观结构和界面结合强度的演变规律。交流阻抗谱法的结果表明:两种涂层试样的热生长氧化(TGO)层厚度及陶瓷层内裂纹数量均随着热循环时间增加而增长,但曲率试样的微观结构恶化速度更快;洛氏硬度压痕法的结果验证了经热循环后,曲率基体上热障涂层界面结合强度低于平板样品。     

多斜孔壁与机加环气膜冷却燃烧室面换热特性数值研究

数值研究了在燃烧室实际工作条件下,多斜孔壁冷却燃烧室和机加环气膜冷却燃烧室的流动、换热特性,比较分析了内、外壁温度场以及冷却流量的变化.研究发现,采用多斜孔壁后,壁面冷却效果得到强化,相比机加环气膜冷却燃烧室,燃烧室前段壁温略有升高,而后段受到气膜冷却效果增强的影响,壁面温度有所降低,壁面温度梯度明显减小.流量系数明显减小,冷却空气量降低23%,用于组织燃烧用气量增加.多斜孔壁冷却技术可以为高温升燃烧室的发展提供有效的冷却技术.      

U型槽对高负荷低压涡轮叶型攻角特性影响

以某高负荷低压涡轮叶型为研究对象,分析了该叶型在低雷诺数下的攻角特性,并应用了表面嵌壁式U形槽的被动控制方法来提高该叶型的攻角裕度.数值模拟的结果表明:相比较大的正攻角流动状况,叶型较大的负攻角并不会引起吸力面大的流动分离,从而减小了叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽通过推迟分离、加速再附来减小分离泡甚至减小湍流湿面积,从而降低叶型损失;表面嵌壁式U型槽能否提高该叶型的攻角裕度与开槽位置和深度有关系,在±15°攻角范围内72%轴向弦长位置处开槽明显的降低了叶型损失而开槽深度为0.40mm时叶型损失最小.      

前掠对高负荷风扇转子叶尖间隙效应的影响

以高负荷两级风扇第一级前掠转子为研究对象,数值模拟了设计转速下多种不同间隙下的特性曲线以评估其性能对间隙的敏感性.结果表明:前掠转子能够显著降低气动性能对叶尖间隙的敏感度,且并不存在工程意义上的最优间隙.这种特性在存在强叶尖泄漏流的大叶尖间隙和近失速工况时更为明显.通过与一个气动性能等效的常规转子进行叶尖区域详细的流场结构对比,对前掠改善间隙敏感度,调整展向气流分布及影响转子叶尖泄漏流动的内在机理做出了解释.      

Effect of Sintering on Thermal Conductivity and Thermal Barrier Effects of Thermal Barrier Coatings

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are mostly applied to hot components of advanced turbine engines to insulate the components from hot gas. The effect of sintering on thermal conductivity and thermal barrier effects of conventional plasma sprayed and nanostructured yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are investigated. Remarkable increase in thermal conductivity occurs to both typical coatings after heat treatment. The change of porosity is just the opposite. The grain size of the nanostructured zirconia coating increases more drastically with annealing time compared to that of the conventional plasma sprayed coating, which indicates that coating sintering makes more contributions to the thermal conductivity of the nanostructured coating than that of the conventional coating. Thermal barrier effect tests using temperature difference technique are performed on both coatings. The thermal barrier effects decrease with the increase of thermal conductivity after heat treatment and the decline seems more drastic in low thermal conductivity range. The decline in thermal barrier effects is about 80 °C for nanostructured coating after 100 h heat treatment, while the conventional coating reduces by less than 60 °C compared to the as-sprayed coating.     

Design and Performance of an Improved Trapped Vortex Combustor

 A trapped vortex combustor (TVC) has been a very promising novel concept for it offers improvements in lean blow out, altitude relight, operating range, as well as a potential to decrease NO_x emissions compared to conventional combustors. The present paper discusses the improved designs of the new combustor over the prior ones of our research group, including that: a) the overall dimensions, both axial and radial, are reduced to those of an actual aero-engine combustor; b) the air flow distribution is optimized, and especially 15% of the air is fed into the liner as cooling air; c) a straight-wall diffuser with divergence angle 9癷s added. A series of experiments (cavity-fueled only, under atmospheric pressure) has been conducted to investigate the performance of the improved TVC. Experimental results show that at the inlet temperature of 523 K, the inlet pressure of 0.1 MPa, stable operation of the TVC test rig is observed for the Mach number 0.15-0.34, indicating good flame stability; the combustion efficiency obtained in this paper falls into the range of 60%-96%; as the total excess air ratio increases, the combustion efficiency decreases, while the increase of the inlet temperature is beneficial to high combustion efficiency; besides, the optimal Mach numbers for high combustion efficiency under different inlet conditions are confirmed. The outlet temperature profiles feature a bottom in the mid-height of the exit. This paper demonstrates the feasibility for the TVC to be applied to a realistic aero-engine preliminarily and provides reference for TVC design.     

闭式叶轮加工技术研究

通过对目前叶轮传统加工方法和存在的问题进行分析,利用现代五轴数控加工技术,使用UG进行CAD\CAM加工,探索出一种全新的闭式叶轮的加工方法,从而提高叶轮使用寿命和工作效率。