突然启动流动问题:从不可压到高超声速流动

突然启动流动问题在气动弹性、扑翼飞行和机动飞行中有重要应用价值。鉴于此,对突然启动流动问题涉及的流动与升力演化机制和理论分析方法进行统一介绍并指出目前的理论空白。比较性地介绍了升力随时间变化的原因、预测升力演化的理论方法和主要变化规律。从中发现,不可压缩和可压缩突然启动问题存在各自独立的研究方法与结论,因此进行统一介绍与分析对建立二者之间的关联有指导意义。同时指出,大迎角可压缩突然启动问题尚无理论分析方法和研究结果。作为一项补充研究,采用数值计算发现一个之前尚未报道的现象,即升力系数首先从较低值快速增加至一个峰值,接着快速下降,趋于定常值。该文综述介绍的方法可用于分析突然启动问题升力演化规律。     

用于星载赋形天线的基于频域多相干目标测向算法

提出了一种用于星载赋形天线抗多个相干干扰的基于频域单 快拍的测向算法,该方法首先采用频域多目标测向算法实现多干扰源的方向估计;基于 估计出的干扰源到达方向,对相干信号采用陷零投影矩阵对强目标陷零,以达到对强干扰 进行抑制从而测出弱干扰,较好地保证了相干强弱信号测向的准确性,从而有效地对同 时强弱相干干扰进行抑制。仿真结果和性能分析验证了该方法的可行性。
     

地球静止轨道凝视型相机热分析与热设计

空间光学遥感器在轨运行过程中要承受太阳辐射和空间冷热沉、黑热沉等恶劣温度环境的影响。为确保相机在轨正常运行并拥有较高的成像品质,需要对相机进行精确的热控设计。根据地球静止轨道太阳辐射外热流特点,详细分析了静止轨道凝视相机热设计的重点和难点,并针对热设计中可能遇到的问题提出相应解决方案。     

Operation and Application of A, B Satellites for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Forecasting

Environment and disaster monitoring and forecasting small satellite constellation A and B satellites (HJ-1-A, B) are called "environment and disaster reduction satellites A and B' for short. The constellation adopts a 10:30 LT sun-synchronous circular orbit, with orbit altitude of 649 km. HJ-1-A and HJ-1-B are distributed with a phase difference of 180o in the same orbital plane, so as to enhance the time resolution of earth observation. The satellites have orbit maintenance capability, the lifetime is 3 years. Both satellites adopt CAST968 platforms. Two wide-coverage multispectral CCD cameras with resolution 30 m and width 700 km, a super-spectral imager with resolution 100 m and width 50 km as well as a data transmission subsystem of 120 Mbit/s are deployed on HJ-1-A, which also carries Ka communication testing equipment of Thailand. HJ-1-B has two wide-coverage multispectral CCD cameras (the same as satellite A), one infrared camera with resolution 150 m and width 720 km and a data transmission subsystem of 60 Mbit/s. The coverage period of the wide-coverage multispectral CCD camera is 48 hours. The revisit period of super-spectral imager is 96 hours and the coverage period of infrared camera is 96 hours.      

飞机刹车副温度场的瞬态有限元模型

飞机制动过程中刹车装置产生的高温可使摩擦材料发生热降解,导致摩擦系数变化,出现热衰退现象,影响飞机的安全性能,因此飞机刹车副瞬态温度场分析日益受到关注。针对飞机刹车副瞬态温度场建立了具有对流和热辐射两种边界条件的有限元计算模型,分析了边界条件对温度场的影响,并用ANSYS对其进行仿真计算。仿真计算得到的温度与刹车副经验温度基本吻合,证明了所建立的有限元计算模型合理、可行,为飞机刹车装置温度场分析、计算和研究提供理论支持。     

无人飞行器航迹规划方法综述

首先从不同角度给出航迹规划的两种定义,把航迹规划问题拆分为规划空间、航迹表示、约束条件、目标函数、规划算法五个子问题,提出了适用于各类无人飞行器航迹规划问题分析求解的过程模型。对规划空间构造方法、目标函数、规划算法进行分类比较,并给出每种方法的优、缺点及适用范围,辅助规划人员针对具体需求快速明确规划思路并选择算法。最后指出了航迹规划未来面临的新问题、新挑战。     

航空武器装备顶层论证技术发展现状与趋势

航空武器装备顶层论证是航空武器装备论证的重要内容,是航空武器装备发展的顶层设计与型号发展的先期论证。开展航空武器装备顶层论证,是实现航空武器装备体系对抗的需要,也是航空武器装备由跟踪发展向自主创新跨越的需要。分析了航空武器装备顶层论证技术面临的挑战,回顾了航空武器装备顶层论证技术从产生到逐步完善的发展历程,剖析了航空武器装备顶层论证当前面临的技术难点与可能的应对策略,探讨了航空武器装备顶层论证技术当前及今后一个时期的研究重点与发展趋势。     

基于样本分位数的机载燃油泵故障状态特征提取及实验研究

机载燃油泵的健康状态关系着飞行任务的完成和飞行安全,对机载燃油泵的故障状态特征提取及诊断成为亟需解决的问题。通过对机载燃油实验系统的振动与压力信号进行综合分析,提出了一种基于样本分位数的故障状态特征提取方法。首先,根据样本分位数的渐近分布定理,讨论了样本分位数的统计特性,分析了故障状态与样本分位数的对应关系,从理论上保证了该方法的可行性,在实测数据统计分析的基础上,讨论了样本容量对样本分位数稳定性的影响;其次,根据样本分位数渐近分布定理计算各故障状态的置信区间,并与Bootstrap方法得到的置信区间进行对比,结果显示,依据样本分位数渐近分布定理得到的置信区间真实可靠,为在线故障诊断提供了依据;然后,以各故障状态下提取的样本分位数为特征向量构建贝叶斯判别函数,进行故障诊断;最后依据故障诊断的正确率对传感器进行优化,结果表明,同时安装振动传感器与压力传感器可以提高故障诊断的正确率,并且只安装1个压力传感器与1个特定方向的振动传感器即可对机载燃油泵的故障状态进行完全识别。为快速准确的在线判断机载燃油泵的状态提供了理论支撑,并且可以降低工程应用中机载燃油泵监测系统的体积、功耗及复杂性。     

粘性非结构网格生成方法及绕流计算

运用非结构网格进行计算时，需要在物体附面层区域内生成高展弦比的三角形网格。本文给出了一种基于物理学中弹簧原理的粘性非结构网格生成新方法－－挤压法，它能有效地实现粘性区域内位伸网格到附面层外一般非拉伸网格的光滑过渡。然后在非结构粘性网格上对Ｎ－Ｓ方程运用有限体积法进行了数值计算，ＮＡＣＡ－００１２翼型以及平板层流的数值试验结果较为满意。     

Energetic particle transport coefficients in the heliosphere

It is the purpose of this review to summarize and discuss recent research done in the field of particle propagation in the heliosphere. Several lines of approach have been followed to treat this problem. As a starting point the different forms of the transport equation are discussed. Quasi-Linear Theory (QLT) relates the power contained in fluctuations of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) to the transport coefficients of energetic particles, an outline of the basic results of this theory is presented followed by a discussion of subsequent corrections made to the original formulation with an emphasis in recent developments where the effects of wave polarization, its propagation respect to the solar wind and the dissipation of power at large frequencies have been taken into account. The numerical approach using test particle trajectory integrations to obtain transport coefficients based on in situ satellite measureents is also discussed. It is well known that the determination of the particles mean free path for solar particle events by alternative methods leads to conflicting results, corrections made to original QLT are attempts to bridge the gap. Determination of the transport parameters from different lines of approach in a comparative basis have been done recently by calculating power spectra of IMF measured at the time solar particles were detected on the same spaceprobe, and performing numerical simulations with equivalent IMF data. Some of the results of such studies point to the solution of the conflicting determinations of the mean free path which has existed for nearly 30 years. An assesment of the present situation in this respect is given. Numerical determinations of transport parameters in the outer heliosphere are also reviewed and its consequences for solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays discussed. Space Science Reviews 62: Printed in Belgium.