高速切削在模具加工中的应用及发展趋势

叙述了高速切削技术的意义,并介绍了它在电极制造、淬硬材料型腔的直接加工及样件的快速成型中的应用及优点,并简要说明对高速铣床的要求.     

An examination of the carbon isotope effects associated with amino acid biosynthesis

Stable carbon isotope ratios (delta(13)C) were determined for alanine, proline, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, aspartate (aspartic acid and asparagine), glutamate (glutamic acid and glutamine), lysine, serine, glycine, and threonine from metabolically diverse microorganisms. The microorganisms examined included fermenting bacteria, organotrophic, chemolithotrophic, phototrophic, methylotrophic, methanogenic, acetogenic, acetotrophic, and naturally occurring cryptoendolithic communities from the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Here we demonstrated that reactions involved in amino acid biosynthesis can be used to distinguish amino acids formed by life from those formed by nonbiological processes. The unique patterns of delta(13)C imprinted by life on amino acids produced a biological bias. We also showed that, by applying discriminant function analysis to the delta(13)C value of a pool of amino acids formed by biological activity, it was possible to identify key aspects of intermediary carbon metabolism in the microbial world. In fact, microorganisms examined in this study could be placed within one of three metabolic groups: (1) heterotrophs that grow by oxidizing compounds containing three or more carbon-to-carbon bonds (fermenters and organotrophs), (2) autotrophs that grow by taking up carbon dioxide (chemolitotrophs and phototrophs), and (3) acetoclastic microbes that grow by assimilation of formaldehyde or acetate (methylotrophs, methanogens, acetogens, and acetotrophs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that cryptoendolithic communities from Antarctica grouped most closely with the autotrophs, which indicates that the dominant metabolic pathways in these communities are likely those utilized for CO(2 )fixation. We propose that this technique can be used to determine the dominant metabolic types in a community and reveal the overall flow of carbon in a complex ecosystem.     

巴尔迪克-径向铆接--满足最精确的铆接成形要求

巴尔迪克的铆接法可铆接以前被认为不可铆接的材料,并能得到完美的铆接面。材料沿径向滚动可防止产生扭应力,从而得到高质量的铆接面并具有很高的抗疲劳强度     

Stability of amino acids and their oligomerization under high-pressure conditions: implications for prebiotic chemistry

The polymerization of amino acids leading to the formation of peptides and proteins is a significant problem for the origin of life. This problem stems from the instability of amino acids and the difficulty of their oligomerization in aqueous environments, such as seafloor hydrothermal systems. We investigated the stability of amino acids and their oligomerization reactions under high-temperature (180-400°C) and high-pressure (1.0-5.5?GPa) conditions, based on the hypothesis that the polymerization of amino acids occurred in marine sediments during diagenesis and metamorphism, at convergent margins on early Earth. Our results show that the amino acids glycine and alanine are stabilized by high pressure. Oligomers up to pentamers were formed, which has never been reported for alanine in the absence of a catalyst. The yields of peptides at a given temperature and reaction time were higher under higher-pressure conditions. Elemental, infrared, and isotopic analyses of the reaction products indicated that deamination is a key degradation process for amino acids and peptides under high-pressure conditions. A possible NH(3)-rich environment in marine sediments on early Earth may have further stabilized amino acids and peptides by inhibiting their deamination.     

纤维陶瓷复合材料强度和热稳定性的提高

最近研制了一代新型的刚性好重量轻的先进纤维陶瓷复合材料。这类材料在力学性能和热稳定性方面有很大提高。它的抗弯强度是当前能得到的氧化硅纤维绝热材料的2-3倍,而密度减小10％。该材料短时间的重复使用温度高于2600°F,而连续使用温度为2600°F。     

美国空军/麦克唐纳·道格拉斯Delta2的第一次发射开始了军用空间的新时代

上星期美国空军/麦克唐纳·道格拉斯Delta2将一颗新的洛克韦尔导航卫星作为负荷的第一次飞行试验被空军认为是向军用空间新时代迈出的关键的第一步,可以用各种新的不载人运载器进行军事空间操作。Delta2将是一个将大重量负荷送入空间的运载器,和通用动力公司的‘宇宙神’及马丁·玛丽埃塔公司的‘大力神’几种型式一起使国防部今年用不载人的扩编运载器的发射率获得势头。     

微型战术陀螺——低成本陀螺的替代物

固态光学陀螺的优势正受到一种新型的旋转质量装置的挑战，这种较低成本的器件具有良好的低噪声漂移及高可靠性的性能。微型战术陀螺是一种性能优良的双轴陀螺，它采用先进的旋转质量装置的技术，以建立新的低成本标准。它具有不不带挠性支撑系统的调谐转子陀螺的低噪声性能。综合了球形动压气浮轴承及三轴永磁直流电机和力矩器的优点，设计成动态范围大于１０＾７的微型双轴陀螺。本文介绍了该设计及验证这种低成本下一代速率陀螺性     

EMC军用标准

本文追述了EMC军用规范的历史,并且详细地介绍了计划于1993年发表的最新MIL—461和MIL—462要求。     

准稳定三波结构的研究

对超声速流中准稳定三波结构进行了研究，该结构中主激波以一定的速度D沿超声速流运动，它不但引起相应的反射激波运动而且会使激波后气流中的一系列气动力参数发生变化，包括总压、总焓和熵等。本研究给出了这些量与入射激波强度之间的关系。在一定的速度D的情况下，给出了三波结构的力学相容性条件是可以被破坏的。