The PROCESS experiment: amino and carboxylic acids under Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in low-earth orbit

The search for organic molecules at the surface of Mars is a top priority of the next Mars exploration space missions: Mars Science Laboratory (NASA) and ExoMars (ESA). The detection of organic matter could provide information about the presence of a prebiotic chemistry or even biological activity on this planet. Therefore, a key step in interpretation of future data collected by these missions is to understand the preservation of organic matter in the martian environment. Several laboratory experiments have been devoted to quantifying and qualifying the evolution of organic molecules under simulated environmental conditions of Mars. However, these laboratory simulations are limited, and one major constraint is the reproduction of the UV spectrum that reaches the surface of Mars. As part of the PROCESS experiment of the European EXPOSE-E mission on board the International Space Station, a study was performed on the photodegradation of organics under filtered extraterrestrial solar electromagnetic radiation that mimics Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions. Glycine, serine, phthalic acid, phthalic acid in the presence of a mineral phase, and mellitic acid were exposed to these conditions for 1.5 years, and their evolution was determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy after their retrieval. The results were compared with data from laboratory experiments. A 1.5-year exposure to Mars-like surface UV radiation conditions in space resulted in complete degradation of the organic compounds. Half-lives between 50 and 150?h for martian surface conditions were calculated from both laboratory and low-Earth orbit experiments. The results highlight that none of those organics are stable under low-Earth orbit solar UV radiation conditions.     

图形文法在三维角点检测中的应用(英文)

许多局部特征描述都假设场景是平面的,而在真实场景中捕捉到的图片都是来自三维世界。在图像匹配和目标检测中,三维角点作为一种包含三维信息的形状特征,是一种新的重要不变特征,但从普通角点中自动鉴选出三维角点比较困难。基于图像的图形文法提出一种新的三维角点检测方法。该方法在一定程度上能够检测出角点的三维特性。实验结果表明三维角点特征在图像匹配中是适用的,证明了所提出的方法的有效性。     

An innovative high accuracy autonomous navigation method for the Mars rovers

Autonomous navigation is an important function for a Mars rover to fulfill missions successfully. It is a critical technique to overcome the limitations of ground tracking and control traditionally used. This paper proposes an innovative method based on SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System) with the aid of star sensors to accurately determine the rover?s position and attitude. This method consists of two parts: the initial alignment and navigation. The alignment consists of a coarse position and attitude initial alignment approach and fine initial alignment approach. The coarse one is used to determine approximate position and attitude for the rover. This is followed by fine alignment to tune the approximate solution to accurate one. Upon the completion of initial alignment, the system can be used to provide real-time navigation solutions for the rover. An autonomous navigation algorithm is proposed to estimate and compensate the accumulated errors of SINS in real time. High accuracy attitude information from star sensor is used to correct errors in SINS. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed methods can achieve a high precision autonomous navigation for Mars rovers.     

轴向磁通磁场调制型电机的解析分析

提出了一种新型二维解析分析方法用于计算轴向磁通磁场调制型电机的气隙磁场分布和电机特性。对电机每个子域列出拉普拉斯方程或泊松方程并结合边界条件,求解出每个子域的矢量磁位,进而得到气隙磁场分布、空载反电势、电磁转矩和轴向磁拉力的解析表达式。为了评估解析方法的计算精度,对二维解析分析结果和三维有限元仿真结果进行了比较,结果表明二维解析计算结果的计算误差在10.3%以内。由于解析分析在保证计算精度的前提下大大缩短了计算时间,因此该方法适用于轴向磁通磁场调制型电机初始设计阶段电机参数的确定。     

基于密度聚类与匹配算法的异常飞行行为挖掘

在空中交通愈加拥挤的背景下,航空器的异常飞行行为的有效挖掘可以辅助管制员进行调配决策。现有方法只能辨识飞机空间位置特征异常,存在水平可扩展性的局限。本文考虑位置、速度、高度和航向4个异常特征,采用高度层划分策略、局部异常因子和快速覆盖树对基于密度的有噪声应用中的空间聚类（Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise, DBSCAN）方法进行改进,提出局部异常因子改进的考虑速度、方向及高度的基于密度聚类方法（Density-based spatial clustering considering speed, direction and high level improved by local outlier factor,LOFDBSC-SDH）密度聚类算法对正常航迹模式进行快速准确提取。然后,基于正常航迹模式设计考虑过点时间和上述异常特征的航迹匹配算法,挖掘异常飞行行为。最后,通过实验仿真验证了本文方法的有效性和应用价值。     

多股平行非等温受限射流数值研究

本文对高大型空调建筑中常用的多股平行非等温射流进行了数值研究。采用κ-ε湍流模型,以速度及压力为参变量,用SIMPLE法求解偏微分方程组,从而获得了速度、压力、温度场及湍流能量、湍流能量耗散率分布,并进行了实验验证。本文还利用数值计算得到的丰富信息,对多股平行非等温射流流动规律及温度分布作了进一步研究,并回归出相应的计算公式,弥补了实验研究的不足。     

航天器对接中接近至首次接触阶段的数值仿真

确定接触点问题是航天器对接过程中接近与接触阶段的仿真的关键问题。以内导向瓣异体同构周边式对接机构为例，给出了确定接触点的方法，建立了确定接触点的数学模型、接近与接触阶段两航天器的刚体运动方程，并对接近与接触阶段进行了数值仿真。仿真结果表明：所建立的数学模型和动力学方程是正确的。     

六自由度自跟踪天线座的系统设计

六自由度自跟踪天线座是一种新型天线座,克服了A-E及X-Y型天线座存在跟踪盲区的缺点,实现了对目标的全空域跟踪。文中介绍一种六自由度自跟踪天线座系统,并通过外场测试及对卫星的跟踪,对其性能技术指标进行测试。实测结果表明,天线座各项技术指标均达到要求,成为我国自行研制的第一套六自由度自跟踪天线座系统。     

基于LabVIEW伺服监控系统软件的研究

在伺服系统监控界面的软件设计中,采用传统的Windows编程方法,将会在界面的外观设计上浪费大量的时间和精力,这给程序设计者带来很多繁杂的工作。文中利用LabVIEW语言设计的伺服系统监控软件,提供一个美观、友好的人机交互界面,且编程简单,开发周期短。     

在不同地形条件下的地形辅助导航系统定位精度评估

如何选择合适的地形是卡尔曼连续修正的地形辅助导航系统在实际应用中遇到的难题。本文首先建立系统仿真模型，然后利用ＡＲＣ／ＩＮＦＯ地理信息系统软件进行地形分析。在此基础上，通过大量的计算机仿真试验，对卡尔曼连续修正的地形辅助导航系统在不同地形条件下的定位精度进行了评估。评估结果为系统在实际应用中的地形选择提供了依据。