空气流速和自热效应对湿度传感器测量准确度的影响

通过对多种典型型号湿度传感器在不同空气流速条件下对同一相对湿度测量结果的变化的实验研究,得出了0～1.5 m/s流速范围内湿度传感器的示值随流速的变化趋势,即示值随流速增大而增大,总变化量最大达2%RH以上,且变化主要发生0.5 m/s以下的低流速情况下,同时传感器表面温度随流速增大而降低,两者变化趋势相互吻合。进一步分析表明,上述现象是湿度传感器的自热效应和空气与传感器之间的对流换热效应共同作用的结果,它给湿度传感器的测量结果带来新增不确定度。     

Electrochemical micromachining of microgroove arrays on phosphor bronze surface for improving the tribological performance

A high friction coefficient and a low wear rate of contacted surfaces are essential elements to friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. It has been shown that surface textures have a significant effect on improving the tribological performance of friction pairs.In this paper, microgroove arrays are introduced to the stator surface for improving the tribological performance of friction pairs between the stator and the rotor in ultrasonic motors. Microgrooves were fabricated on a phosphor bronze surface by through-mask electrochemical micromachining(TMEMM). Parameters, namely, the electrolyte inlet pressure, applied voltage, pulse duty cycle,and frequency, were varied to investigate their influences on the dimensions and morphology of the microgrooves. Results showed that the width and depth of the microgrooves were strongly affected by the applied voltage and frequency, while the morphology of the microgrooves was dependent on the electrolyte inlet pressure and the pulse duty cycle. Compared with a smooth surface, the friction coefficient increased from 0.245 to 0.334 and less abrasion was obtained when a surface was textured with microgrooves of which the width and depth were 185.6 and 57.6 lm,respectively. Microgroove arrays might play an important role in enhancing the performance of ultrasonic motors.     

Determination of Failure Thresholds in Hybrid Navigation

A systematic approach for the determination of failure thresholds for hybrid navigation systems is described. Cost functions which reflect the importance assigned to the consequences of false and missed alarms are minimized. The false alarm probability is obtained as a function of the threshold magnitude by observing the statistical behavior of the instrument outputs in the normal operating mode. The missed alarm probability is obtained by determining the sensitivity of navigation error performance to instrument error sources. Two cost functions are considered. To illustrate this method, failure detection and identification (FDI) thresholds are determined for the Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Test flight.     

The data compression problem for the “GAIA” astrometric satellite of ESA

Space-based astrometry has a great tradition at ESA. The first space-based astrometric satellite in history, “Hipparcos”, was launched by ESA in 1989 and, in spite of orbital problems, was able to accomplish almost all of its tasks until it was finally shut down in 1993. The results of the Hipparcos mission were published by ESA in 1997 in the form of six CD-ROMs: the Hipparcos Catalogue contains 118,218 entries with median astrometric precision of around 1 milliarcsec, and specific results for double and multiple systems. In practice, Hipparcos drew for the first time the three-dimensional “map” of the spherical region of the Galaxy surrounding the Sun and having a radius of roughly 1,000 light years.

Then, in 1995, ESA launched the study of a new astrometric satellite, named “GAIA” and about a hundred times more powerful than Hipparcos, i.e. with median astrometric precision of around 10 microarcsec. This new satellite is intended to measure the parallaxes of over 50 million stars in the Galaxy, at least for the brightest stars, and this would mean to “draw” the three-dimensional map of the whole Galaxy, reaching out even to the Magellanic Clouds, 180,000 light years away.

The team of European scientists and engineers now designing GAIA, however, is facing hard technological difficulties. One of these is the design and coding of radically new and ultra-powerful mathematical algorithms for the on-board compression of the 50-million-stars data that GAIA will send to Earth from its intended geostationary orbit. Preliminary estimates of the raw data rates from the GAIA focal plane, in fact, are of the order of a few Gigabits per second. To reduce the data stream to the envisaged telemetry link of 1 Megabit per second, on-board data compression with a 1 to 1,000 ratio is the target. Clearly, this is far beyond the capabilities of any lossless compression technique (enabling compression ratios of 1 to some tens), and so some “wise” lossy compression mathematical procedure must be adopted.

In this paper a GAIA-adapted lossy data compression technique is presented, based on the Karhunen-Loève Transform (KLT). The essence of this method was already used by NASA for the Galileo mission when the large antenna got stuck and the mission was rescued by re-programming the on-board computer in terms of the KLT. That transform was officially named ICT — “Integer Cosine Transform” — by the NASA-JPL team led by Dr. Kahr-Ming Cheung. But the KLT here described for GAIA will of course differ from the JPL one in many regards, owing to the advances in computer technology.

Finally, estimates are also given about the possibility of using the KLT for onboard data compression in case GAIA is going to be put into orbit around the Lagrangian point L2 of the Earth-Sun system, and, above all, in case the number of stars to be observed is actually raised from 50 millions to one billion, as ESA currently appears to be likely to pursue.     

基于参数自整定速度控制器SGCMG框架伺服控制系统

针对控制力矩陀螺框架伺服系统传统PI控制对干扰、负载变化等不确定因素的控制能力不足,设计了模糊PI控制器,利用参数自整定速度控制器实时调整参数,实现了框架伺服系统的高稳定性控制.仿真结果表明,相比传统的PI控制策略,响应快,超调小,无需修改参数,有更好的动静态特性,能更好地满足控制力矩陀螺框架伺服控制系统的鲁棒性要求,并有很好的跟踪性能.     

Gamma astrometric measurement experiment (GAME) – Science case

We report here on the science case of a concept for a satellite orbiting at 1 AU from the Sun and using a baffled Fizeau interferometer to look as close as possible to its limb. This configuration, and the need for looking nearby the Sun, is required for the main scientific driver of the mission, namely the measure of the γ parameter of the Parameterized Post-Newtonian formulation to the 10⁻⁶–10⁻⁷ level at least. This would lead to an accurate test of the General Theory of Relativity against other alternative theories of gravity, and set stringent constraints on some of the most significant issues of Astrophysics like those involving exotic forms of dark matter and dark energy. Exploiting the possibilities offered by the observation strategy, it is also possible to target other interesting scientific goals. One is, again, in the realm of General Relativity and aims at measuring the light deflection nearby the Giant Planets to detect asymmetric effects induced by their quadrupoles, predicted by GR but never measured so far. Others can be found in the observation of selected extrasolar systems where, e.g., the astrometric and photometric capabilities of GAME will help to improve on the knowledge of the brown-dwarf regime and on the search for exo-planets with the transit method, respectively.     

复合材料结构用紧固件技术

先进树脂基复合材料虽然已广泛应用,但其自身的特点使得其在连接过程中产生很多问题,需重点解决腐蚀、安装"卡死"、抗冲击能力差、拉脱力低等典型问题。阐述了复合材料结构用紧固件可选用的材料,以及各种类型紧固件及紧固系统,如铆钉类、螺栓类、抽芯铆钉类、特种紧固件类,为国内复合材料连接紧固件选用提供参考。     

振动工况下的双螺母结构防松性能研究

双螺母结构应用广泛,正确拧紧的双螺母结构具有可靠的防松性能。通过有限元仿真和横向振动实验系统研究了双螺母上下螺母轴向力分配情况对防松性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,当双螺母结构在快要达到完全预紧状态时就能够起到很好的防松效果,在工程实际中为了保证防松性能,可以按照拧紧结束时双螺母结构达到完全预紧状态的轴向力分配比来确定拧紧工艺。     

对SAR雷达的成像欺骗干扰技术研究

合成孔径雷达(SAR)是一种高分辨率成像雷达,具有良好的对地侦察探测能力.在电子战应用中,对SAR的干扰特别是成像欺骗干扰研究具有迫切的现实应用需求.首先建立了针对SAR雷达的成像欺骗干扰模型,根据干扰模型给出了具体的欺骗干扰流程.然后采用成像算法进行了仿真闭环验证,仿真结果表明了算法模型的有效性.最后,简单分析了该成像欺骗方法在实际工程实现时要注意的问题.     

轴对称矢量喷管偏转效率的快速分析方法

提出了一种骨架与A8滚子间柔性线线高副约束的简化算法,在该算法和模态综合法相结合的基础上构建了轴对称矢量喷管（AVEN）的刚柔耦合动力学模型,并遵循力的叠加原理和能量等效原则实现了热态气动载荷的等效简化和实时加载。基于该算法的仿真结果与实验误差约为4%,具有较高可信性;而与采用接触的模型对比仿真表明,二者精度相当,而前者更加稳定高效,能将单工况的计算时间从三天缩短到半小时;针对轴对称矢量喷管的某中间和加力典型工作状态,采用该算法模型对比分析了关键件柔性对轴对称矢量喷管偏转效率的贡献,最终发现：A9环是偏转效率的主要影响因素,占比超过94%。仿真结果表明,该算法模型本身就是一种效率与精度兼顾的稳定仿真方法,而A9环对偏转效率的影响占比表明,使用仅考虑A9环柔性的刚柔耦合模型将是轴对称矢量喷管偏转效率仿真的一种更加高效的快速估算方法。