Reloading partly recovers bone mineral density and mechanical properties in hind limb unloaded rats

Skeletal unloading results in decreased bone formation and bone mass. During long-term space flight, the decreased bone mass is impossible to fully recover. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the effective countermeasures to prevent spaceflight-induced bone loss. Hindlimb Unloading (HLU) simulates effects of weightlessness and is utilized extensively to examine the response of musculoskeletal systems to certain aspects of space flight. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a 4-week HLU in rats and subsequent reloading on the bone mineral density (BMD) and mechanical properties of load-bearing bones.     

国外太空制造技术研究

介绍了美国宇航局(NASA)对太空制造技术的研究情况,包括连接技术和原位制造技术,找出了适用于太空连接的真空电子束钎焊技术和适合太空成形的自由成形制造(激光F3)技术,并介绍了太空制造设备的要求、集成制造单元和太空集成制造工厂的概念等,最后得出结论,太空制造技术的研究将成为长期载人航天项目中最重要的部分.     

旋转蛇形通道内换热的非稳态实验

在旋转状态下,研究了涡轮内冷蛇形通道的非稳态换热特性.实验主要针对旋转状态下,通道内流量的变化和系统旋转速度的变化来进行的.结果表明:对于旋转通道的非稳态过程,换热系数的变化呈波动变化过程,且主要发生在实验参数变化的阶段.加速旋转时,角加速度力的作用会加强进气通道前缘面的换热,而降低后缘面的;减速旋转时,情况相反.而且,角加速度力的作用效果容易在旋转开始变化的时刻显现.当旋转速度在2个值之间往复时,换热系数变化呈现滞后环状,旋转速度越高滞后环越大.     

环路热管温度波动现象的实验分析

对实验中观察到的环路热管温度波动现象进行了描述和解释.实验发现,较小热载荷和较大热载荷下环路热管容易出现温度波动现象.对于蒸发器充满液体的启动情况,小热载荷启动容易出现毛细芯内的工质蒸发现象,芯内蒸发继而引起冷凝器入口处的温度波动,并且最终导致可变热导区的稳态工作温度偏高.冷凝器出口处的温度波动现象产生的原因是工质充装量和储液器容积的不匹配,冷凝器出口的温度波动可以通过对工质充装量的控制来避免.     

涡轮叶片尾缘复合冷却通道换热的数值模拟

用数值模拟的方法对一种典型的涡轮叶片尾缘冷却结构进行了数值计算,该冷却结构由横肋通道和交错扰流柱排构成.通过对不同进气雷诺数的计算结果分析可以看出:对所研究的冷却结构,扰流柱通道顶部及底部这两处冷气流速较高的区域的换热系数也比较高,温度较低;尾缘冷气出流孔处的换热系数也比较高;但扰流柱区的中部则由于冷气量明显不足导致明显的换热系数降低.      

一种XML相似重复数据的清理方法研究

针对半结构化数据XML在数据清理中的重要性,研究了如何清理XML相似重复数据,主要工作有:提出一种有效的XML相似重复数据清理方法,该方法具有较强的适应性,任何XML相似检测算法都适用于此;给出一种基于树编辑距离的相似检测算法,该算法能有效地检测XML相似重复数据;采用树编辑距离的上下限优化基于树编辑距离的相似检测算法,避免了不必要的树编辑距离计算,降低了相似检测计算的复杂度,提高了运算效率.此工作为研究XML相似重复数据清理打下基础.      

A fast satellite selection algorithm with floating high cut-off elevation angle based on ADOP for instantaneous multi-GNSS single-frequency relative positioning

With the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) developing, the single-frequency single-epoch multiple GNSSs (multi-GNSS) relative positioning has become feasible. Since a larger number of the observed satellites make the instantaneous (single-epoch) positioning time-consuming, a proper satellite selection is necessary. Among the present methods, the satellite selection with a fixed high cut-off elevation angle (CEA) is least time-consuming. However, there is no criterion how large a fixed high CEA should be to achieve a high success rate and less time consumption. Besides, a fixed high CEA makes the number of visible satellites largely variable, which affects the success rate. Hence, a satellite selection strategy based on ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP) is proposed. Firstly, the theoretical proof that the ADOP increases the least when removing satellites are all low-elevation-angle satellites is given, which is important to achieve the fast positioning with a high success rate. Then, the threshold $\beta$ is calculated for a different number of satellites and a given ADOP. The satellites are selected based on their elevation angles from high to low until $\beta$ of the selected satellites becomes smaller than the corresponding threshold; this method is called the extended floating CEA multi-GNSS (EF-multi-GNSS). The comparison of the single-frequency single-epoch positioning performance of the EF-multi-GNSS with the satellite selections based on a fixed low CEA (L-multi-GNSS) and a fixed high CEA (H-multi-GNSS) via the relative positioning experiments shows that: (1) the EF-multi-GNSS with a minimal number of satellites can achieve the fast positioning and a high success rate close to 100%. It can greatly reduce the time consumption of the L-multi-GNSS, by about 64.0%, by selecting 12.6 satellites of 23.4 satellites; (2) the floating CEA of EF-multi-GNSS eliminates the consideration how large a fixed high CEA should be, and a CEA larger than the fixed high CEA of the H-multi-GNSS makes it more suitable for different conditions.     

先进镁合金材料及其在航空航天领域中的应用

文章介绍了上海交通大学轻合金精密成型国家工程研究中心在先进镁合金材料与成型工艺的研究进展,重点介绍了JDM1和JDM2两种镁合金新材料的显微组织与强化机制,详细介绍了涂层转移精密铸造技术、大型铸件低压铸造技术、大型锻件成型技术和表面超声波阳极氧化技术等4种镁合金成型新工艺,最后介绍了JDM1和JDM2合金及成型新工艺在我国航空航天领域中的应用。     

滚转运动对乘波飞行器气动特性的影响

 乘波飞行器运动过程中的非定常气动特性是高超声速飞行中的重要物理问题之一。采用数值模拟方法模拟了乘波飞行器在固定迎角下绕其对称轴强迫滚转运动这一过程。比较了在不同频率和滚转角下乘波飞行器的气动特性。计算格式采用AUSM类格式中最新的AUSM+up格式。计算结果表明：AUSM+up能很好地模拟飞行器滚转运动这一非定常过程;滚转运动时,所设计的乘波飞行器能使高压气体很好地附着在乘波飞行器下表面从而使其具有较好的气动特性;当频率较大时,乘波飞行器由于角速度的诱导作用会导致升力出现迟滞现象;做滚转运动时,滚转力矩小于零,产生正阻尼,乘波飞行器不会产生“摇滚”运动。     

置换反应中银纳米结构的变化

银纳米材料的特性及应用取决于银纳米结构的形貌、尺寸等因素,本文通过制备具有一定形态的银纳米结构,研究纳米结构生长和转变机制.采用AgNO3和Zn反应置换银纳米粒子.采用光学显微镜、TEM、SAED等分析手段,考察了银纳米材料的形貌和晶体结构随反应时间和AgNO3浓度的变化.结果表明:随着反应时间的延长,银枝晶由密集树枝结构转变成分形结构;随着AgNO3溶液浓度的增大,呈现出从树枝状多晶逐渐转变为单晶的过程.