丁羟推进剂侵蚀燃烧实验研究

本文研究配方中铝含量不同、催化剂含量和种类不同、燃烧表面粗糙度不同,以及无侵蚀的燃速不同时,丁羟推进剂的侵蚀燃烧特性.试验结果表明,凡是能使推进剂无侵蚀的燃速提高的措施,均可减轻推进剂的侵蚀燃烧,如果无侵蚀燃速相同,燃面粗糙度越大,侵蚀越严重.     

Moments applied in the manual assembly of space structures: EASE biomechanics results from STS-61B

Measurements of the level and pattern of moments applied in the manual assembly of a space structure were made in extravehicular activity (EVA) and neutral buoyancy simulation (NBS). The Experimental Assembly of Structures in EVA program included the repeated assembly of a 3.6 m tetrahedral truss structure in EVA on STS-61B after extensive neutral buoyancy crew training. The flight and training structures were of equivalent mass and geometry to allow a direct correlation between EVA and NBS performance. A stereo photographic motion camera system was used to reconstruct in three dimensions rotational movements of structural beams during assembly. Moments applied in these manual handling tasks were calculated on the basis of the reconstructed movements taking into account effects of inertia, drag and virtual mass. Applied moments of 2.0 Nm were typical for beam rotations in EVA. Corresponding applied moments in NBS were typically up to five times greater. Moments were applied as impulses separated by several seconds of coasting in both EVA and NBS. Decelerating impulses were only infrequently observed in NBS.     

碳硼烷衍生物对固体推进剂燃烧性能影响研究

研究了碳硼烷丙烯酸甲酯（ＣＭＰ）对ＡＰ／ＮＧ和ＲＤＸ／ＮＧ推进剂燃速的影响，结果表明，随ＣＭＰ含量的增大，ＡＰ／ＮＧ推进剂燃速增大，压强指数呈下降趋势；在压强为８．０～１０．０ＭＰａ范围内，ＣＭＰ对提高ＲＤＸ／ＮＧ推进剂的燃速作用最强，且随ＣＭＰ含量增高，ＲＤＸ／ＮＧ推进剂压强指数增大，ＣＭＰ对ＡＰ和ＮＧ相变温度，熔融温度都有影响，并加速ＡＰ和ＲＤＸ的分解。     

低温用碳/ 环氧复合材料性能

针对复合材料在液氮温度下的应用需求,采用RTM工艺制备了几种碳/环氧复合材料,评价了这几种复合材料在80℃、室温和-196℃下的弯曲、压缩、层剪、冲击性能和室温下的GⅠC、GⅡC。结果显示:随着测试温度的降低,复合材料的弯曲强度、压缩强度、冲击强度明显提高;而低温对复合材料模量的影响较小。树脂基体的韧性对复合材料的强度、模量等性能影响不大,而碳纤维种类对复合材料的强度和模量影响较大。树脂基体韧性和碳纤维种类均不改变复合材料力学性能随测试温度变化的趋势。树脂基体韧性和碳纤维种类均会影响复合材料的层间断裂韧性,其中高韧性树脂基体可更加明显地提高复合材料的层间断裂韧性;M40级经编织物/R608-2复合材料GⅠC高达868 J/m2、GⅡC高达2 750 J/m2,但采用高韧性基体的复合材料Tg会有所降低。     

航空维修无损检测体系建设应用研究

结合新形势下航空维修无损检测工作需求,利用体系工程原理与方法,形成并完善了理论研究、技术方法、组织管理、人员培训与资格认证四个相对独立又密切联系的子体系,具有一定的应用价值,可为航空维修无损检测工作提供理论指导作用。     

Blood volume regulating hormones, fluid and electrolyte modifications during 21 and 198-day space flights (Altair-MIR 1993)

During the Altair MIR' 93 mission we studied several parameters involved in blood volume regulation. The experiment was done on two cosmonauts before (B-60, B-30), during (D6, D12, D18 for French and D7, D12, D17 for Russian) and after the flight (R+1, R+3 and R+7). Space flight durations were different for two cosmonauts: for the Russian the flight duration was 198 days and for the French 21 days. On board the MIR station only urinary (volume and electrolytes, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and catecholamines) and salivary (cGMP and cortisol) samples were collected, centrifuged and stored in freezer. Lithium was used as a tracer to know exactly the 24 h urine output (CNES urine collection Kit). Before and after flight, blood was drawn with an epicite needle and vacutainer system for hormonal assays (renin, antidiuretic hormone, cGMP, ANP and aldosterone) in two positions: after 30 min rest in upright seated position and after 90 min of supine position. Salivary samples were collected simultaneously. During flight a decrease of diuresis and ANP and an increase of osmolality were found. No modifications of hematocrit, but an increase of salivary cGMP and cortisol were also observed. The decrease of urinary ANP is in favor of hypovolemia as described in previous flights. The postflight examinations revealed changes in fluid-electrolyte metabolism which indicate a hypohydration status and a stimulation of hormonal system responsible for water and electrolyte retention in order to readapt to the normal gravity.     

PHYSIOLAB: a new laboratory for the study of the cardio-vascular system

On the basis of the experience gained during the previous french-russian missions on board MIR about the adaptation processes of the cardio-vascular system, a new laboratory has been designed. The objective of this “PHYSIOLAB” is to have a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the changes in the cardio-vascular system, with a special emphasis on the phenomenon of cardio-vascular deconditioning after landing.

Beyond these scientific objectives, it is also intended to use PHYSIOLAB to help in the medical monitoring on-board MIR, during functional tests such as LBNP.

PHYSIOLAB will be set up in MIR by the French cosmonaut during the next french-russian CASSIOPEE mission in 1996. Its architecture is based on a central unit, which controls the experimental protocols, records the results and provides an interface for transmission to the ground via telemetry. Different specific modules are used for the acquisition of various physiological parameters.

This PHYSIOLAB under development for the CASSIOPEE mission should evolve towards a more ambitious laboratory, whose definition would take into account the results obtained with the first version of PHYSIOLAB. This “second generation” laboratory should be developed in the frame of wide international cooperation.     

航天器表面充电状态被动控制用的导电膜

本文说明了航天器表面充电状态被动控制的概念及其优点。用反应磁控溅射技术制备了适用于充电状态被动控制的氧化铟/锡膜、氧化铟膜及氧化锡膜。给出了这些膜的透过率、发射率、表面电阻率。在模拟空间(含亚暴)的环境条件下,对这些膜的充电特性作了评估。实验和测试表明这些薄膜性能完全符合NASA提出的规范要求。     

嵌入式软件的动态测试

软件测试是软件质量保证的重要手段。构建了基于软件测试工具Testbed/RTInsight针对PC104系统的实时嵌入式软件测试环境。以俄罗斯方块的C程序为例,进行PC104系统的软件动态测试,最后给出了动态覆盖率及性能分析的实验结果,和性能分析能记录分析程序中每个函数的最大运行时间,最小运行时间,总的运行时间以及运行次数。     

卫星柔性热控材料性能及其稳定性研究

阐述热控材料的性能以及它在空间模拟环境下的稳定性。测试表明所镀制的立品其光、热、电性能很好，且在模拟空间环境下，如电子辐照、紫外辐照、原子氧作用以及湿热环境下其稳定性能优良。AFM分析表明，镀膜方法和工艺对制备高质量TO膜和高反射Al膜十分重要。