“集成手工艺”引入首饰制造以改进产品质量和生产工序(英文)

本文尝试找出了劳动密集产品（ｌａｂｏｕｒ－ｉｎｔｅｎｓｉｖｅｐｒｏｄｕｃｔ）在制造过程中质量下降递减（ｇｒａｄｕｒａｌｌｏｓｓｏｆｑｕａｌｉｔｙ）所存在的问题。这些问题存在以下两方面：（１）手工艺（ｃｒａｆｔｓｍａｎｓｈｉｐ）：由制办至最后的制成产品，首饰制造仍然非常依赖工匠的手工艺水平，产品质量受手工艺水平影响；（２）劳动分工（ｔｅｃｈｎｉｃａｌｄｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆｌａｂｏｕｒ）的基本条件的框定和束缚：批量生产的工序流程中，产品质量未能保持（或达致）原首办的质量水平及设定的规格。这些问题可以通过产品设计去解决，把集成手工艺（ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｃｒａｆｔｓｍａｎｓｈｉｐ）概念融入全面优质管理（ｔｏｔａｌｑｕａｌｉｔｙｍａｎ－ａｇｅｍｅｎｔ）的思想。在制造过程中，把传统的手工艺的优值和观念提升为改进产品质量（其中一种）重要的工具或方法，另一方面采用集成手工艺概念来建立基础要素和方案，防止产品质量在工序中递减下降。本文旨在重新确认手工艺研究的重要性，强调设计可用来全面提高产品质量及竞争力。     

Hazard Prevention in Mission Plans for Aerial Vehicles Based on Soft Institutions

Hazard prevention in mission plans requires careful analysis and appropriate tools to support the design of preventive and/or corrective measures. It is most challenging in systems with large sets of states and complex state relations. In the case of sociotechnical systems, hazard prevention becomes even more dicult given that the behaviour of human centric components can at best be partially predictable. In the present article we focus on a specic class of sociotechnical systems namely air spaces containing pilot controlled as well as autonomous aircrafts and introduce the notion of relevant hazards. We also introduce soft institutions as an appropriate basis for analysis, with the aim of addressing relevant hazards. The concept of soft institutions is drawn from specication languages for interaction between agents in multi agent systems but, in our case, is adapted for use in systems that combine human and automated actors.