Low C/N_0 Carrier Tracking Loop Based on Optimal Estimation Algorithm in GPS Software Receivers

Suppressing jitter noises in a phase locked loop(PLL) is of great importance in order to keep precise and continuous track of global positioning system(GPS) signals characterized by low carrier-to-noise ratio(C/N0).This article proposes and analyzes an improved Kalman-filter-based PLL to process weak carrier signals in GPS software receivers.After reviewing the optimal-bandwidth-based traditional second-order PLL,a Kalman-filter-based estimation algorithm is implemented for the new PLL by decorrelating the model error noises and the measurement noises.Finally,the efficiency of this new Kalman-filter-based PLL is verified by experimental data.Compared to the traditional second-order PLL,this new PLL is in position to make correct estimation of the carrier phase differences and Doppler shifts with less overshoots and noise disturbances and keeps an effective check on the disturbances out of jitter noises in PLL.The results show that during processing normal signals,this improved PLL reduces the standard deviation from 0.010 69 cycle to 0.007 63 cycle,and for weak signal processing,the phase jitter range and the Doppler shifts can be controlled within ±17° and ±5Hz as against ±25° and ±15 Hz by the traditional PLL.     

螺旋折流板换热器壳程流动特性研究

利用激光粒子图像测速（PIV）技术在有机玻璃模型上对螺旋折流板换热器的壳程流动特性进行了实验研究。结果表明,螺旋折流板换热器管间流体斜向冲刷管束。管间流场中非稳定区的流体由于接近换热器的轴心,受三角区漏流的影响,流速沿轴线方向呈上升趋势,且具有较强的轴向速度。稳定区内的流体流动较为平稳,其切向速度较高,具有明显的旋流特征,是换热效果较好的区域。管间流场的流体具有沿轴线方向波动的径向速度,可以增加流体的扰动,有利于传热。在管束外围,折流板与简体之间的漏流会增加流体的轴向速度,而搭接区的漏流则使得流体的切向速度增加而轴向速度减小。漏流对流体流速的影响会沿着轴线方向不断减小,流体流速趋于稳定。     

气动舵/侧向脉冲推力复合控制导弹最优控制及输出反馈问题研究(英文)

针对气动舵/侧向脉冲推力复合控制导弹,设计了复合控制自动驾驶仪,其包含最优控制器和控制分配两部分。应用最优/经典综合控制法设计的最优控制器用于求解虚拟控制量;控制分配模块将虚拟力矩分配到冗余的作动器上。该复合控制器结构简单,跟踪性能好,具有鲁棒性,并能考虑对作动器的实际约束。基于该复合控制自动驾驶仪,发现采用总加速度为反馈时系统的稳定性和跟踪快速性之间的矛盾严重。为解决这一问题,剔除总加速度中的瞬时影响因素,采用攻角产生的加速度作为反馈,仿真结果表明攻角产生的加速度作为反馈时系统具有更好的快速性。最后针对如何得到合理的加速度反馈进行了简要的讨论,结果表明将总加速度通过低通滤波器后再作为反馈,也可以获得良好的跟踪性能。     

Process-condition-driven Automatic Location of Components

In order to reduce the development cycle of mechanical products and corresponding toolings, a large number of components are utilized in these structures. Accordingly, automatic location method for components is a key issue in the research on intelligent computer aided design (CAD) techniques. Integrated with the investigation into intelligent design techniques for aircraft manufacturing toolings, in-depth researches on this issue are conducted. Formalized automatic location principles, representative methods and implementation algorithms are proposed and established. First, several terms and their formalized representative methods including process condition, location base and location operator are defined. Second, computation modeling of components automatic location and methods of location transformation are proposed. Then, definition of base structure and some key algorithms for automatic location are introduced. These principles and algorithms are developed, applied and verified in research project “Jig Intelligent CAD (JigICAD) System”.     

DO-254标准在机载电子硬件审定中的应用

现代机载设备广泛使用了复杂电子硬件（CEH）,这对于适航性设计和审定带来了挑战。在ARJ21-700项目中,中国首次采用了RTCA DO-254作为机载复杂电子硬件的适航符合性方法,但标准的应用仍遇到许多困难。以ARJ21-700飞机机载电子硬件的审定经验为基础,梳理了复杂电子硬件的设计和审定过程,补充并解析了DO-254标准中未明确的简单电子硬件、商用现成产品（COTS）、验证标准等关键问题的审定要求,并就部分要求给出了建议的适航符合性验证方法,这些方法也在型号合格审定过程中得以初步应用。     

微生物对航空煤油影响的实验研究

微生物活动会造成航空煤油变质、过滤器阻塞、设备腐蚀、仪表失灵等严重后果,影响航空安全。将采集的污染航空煤油试样,与纯净油品在实验室进行富集培养,研究了微生物油品污染前后的密度、粘度、总酸值、固体颗粒、冰点等指标的变化情况。指出了现有航空油料管理规定在微生物检测方面所存在的不足,提出了增加部分检测指标的建议,以尽早发现微生物的活动。     

用于荧光细胞观察的制冷CCD成像系统

细胞成像技术是研究细胞运动、分裂和凋亡的必要手段,所以荧光条件下的细胞成像技术显得尤为重要。为满足荧光细胞观察对微弱光信号的检测和成像的要求,文章通过结构和电路设计,研制了一种用于荧光细胞观察的制冷CCD成像系统。通过分析各组件的技术特点,设计了高效制冷结构,提高了细胞荧光观察输出图像质量。     

碰撞试验系统中加速度传感器特性仿真研究

航天器对接机构缓冲能力的强弱直接决定了航天器所受冲击的大小,因此对缓冲机构的性能进行测试/试验具有重要的意义。文章以赫兹弹簧阻尼理论为依据,通过仿真计算,分析了质量、速度对碰撞过程的影响;得到了加速度的频率特性;确定了碰撞试验系统中加速度传感器的选择原则。     

型号测试场地零地电压超标的原因分析与对策

文章针对某型号测试场地零地电压超标问题进行了详细的分析与论证,查找出了引发问题的原因,从机理上对问题进行了定性分析,制定了可行的解决措施,并为后续工作的开展提供了可靠的理论依据,积累了丰富的实践经验。     

Progress of microgravity material research during the period of 2007—2009

Orbital experimental researches on crystal growth of Mn-doped GaSb and Bi2Se0.21Te2.79 are briefly summarized. The space experiments were completed in September of 2007 on broad the Foton-M3 satellite of Russia. Ground-based researches on the solidification behaviors of Al-Al3Ni, Al-Al2Cu, Ag-Cu eutectic, Al-Pb monotectic and Cu-Co peritectic alloys in a 50-meter-high drop tube were investigated. New experimental results on the ultrasonic field and the temperature recycling induced to chiral symmetry breaking of NaClO3 crystal also were reported in the present paper.