栅格翼展开等效试验方法研究

为了在运载器真实飞行前对栅格翼展开过程和系统力学性能进行考核,针对现有模拟试验方法不能有效模拟飞行工况栅格翼在气动力作用下展开过程及该过程对壳体和栅格翼的冲击的问题提出了一种等效试验方法,试验结果表明具有很好的可行性和有效性,为后续类似试验提供了有益的参考。     

可靠性设计优化的球空间设计法

可靠性设计优化（RBDO）在航空航天等领域已经被广泛应用,具有显著提高可靠性的效果;然而它包含两个迭代循环-总体优化循环和可靠性分析循环,双循环求解方法效率低下甚至难以承受。本文提出一种可以提高可靠性设计优化求解效率的方法-球空间设计法,该方法可以方便地表达搜索区域,最大可能失效点可以从极值点处精确获取;同时,该方法可以将总体优化以及可靠性分析同步进行。本文所提出的球空间法的有效性将通过2个算例进行测试,测试结果表明该方法不仅精度与同类方法持平,求解效率有明显提升,它将会对提高航空航天装备如卫星、火箭、飞行器等产品的可靠性提供更为有效的方法和技术支持。     

航天飞行器铸件舱段结构快速设计方法

为提高航天飞行器铸件舱段在方案论证阶段的结构设计效率、设计质量和迭代效率,基于航天飞行器复杂曲面结构特点对铸件舱段结构特征参数进行研究,提出曲线比率法以描述纵筋参数化布局;定义骨架模型发布元素,以实现铸件舱段的Top-Down设计。提出航天飞行器铸件舱段结构快速参数化设计方法,通过定义特征命名规则和创建特征集合实现建模规范化,通过封装舱段设计知识实现设计快速化,通过创建特征参数和公式实现特征参数化。通过建立交互式铸件舱段结构快速设计环境,实现铸件舱段结构的快速实例化、快速修改,并以航天飞行器铸件舱段为例验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。      

基于DDPG算法的变体飞行器自主变形决策

针对变体飞行器的自主变形决策问题,提出了一种基于深度确定性策略梯度(DDPG)算法的智能二维变形决策方法。以可同时变展长及后掠角的飞行器为研究对象,利用DATCOM计算气动数据,并通过分析获得变形量与气动特性之间关系;基于给定的展长和后掠角变形动力学方程,设计DDPG算法学习步骤;针对对称和不对称变形条件下的变形策略进行学习训练。仿真结果表明:所提算法可以快速收敛,变形误差保持在3%以内,训练好的神经网络提高了变体飞行器对不同飞行任务的适应性,可以在不同的飞行环境中获得最佳的飞行性能。      

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

硅橡胶基防热涂层动态烧蚀行为及机理研究

针对两种典型硅橡胶基防热涂层开展高温燃气流烧蚀实验，通过对烧蚀后涂层的宏观及微观形貌分析，探讨了其防隔热机理及烧蚀模型。研究结果表明：烧蚀后两种涂层均存在液态层、陶瓷层、热解层以及原始层；烧蚀过程中甲基苯基硅橡胶涂层主要发生主链“回咬”成环反应，导致树脂基体交联密度降低，力学性能下降，涂层外表面发生开裂，甲基乙烯基硅橡胶涂层则主要发生侧基交联反应，使树脂基体交联密度上升，促进涂层发生陶瓷化转变；热辐射、热容吸热、热解反应吸热以及热阻塞效应为四种主要的热耗散机制，质量损失产生的原因主要包括反应气体释放以及气动剪切力导致的机械剥蚀。     

Comparison of convergence time and positioning accuracy among BDS,GPS and BDS/GPS precise point positioning with ambiguity resolution

Precise point positioning (PPP) usually takes about 30?min to obtain centimetre-level accuracy, which greatly limits its application. To address the drawbacks of convergence speed and positioning accuracy, we develop a PPP model with integrated GPS and BDS observations. Based on the method, stations with global coverage are selected to estimate the fractional cycle bias (FCB) of GPS and BDS. The short-term and long-term time series of wide-lane (WL) FCB, and the single day change of narrow-lane (NL) FCB are analysed. It is found that the range of GPS and BDS non-GEO (IGSO and MEO) WL FCB is stable at up to a 30-day-time frame. At times frame of up to 60?days, the stability is reduced a lot. Whether for short-term or long-term, the changes in the BDS GEO WL FCB are large. Moreover, BDS FCB sometimes undergoes a sudden jump. Besides, 17 and 10 stations were used respectively to investigate the convergence speed and positioning errors with six strategies: BDS ambiguity-float PPP (Bfloat), GPS ambiguity-float PPP (Gfloat), BDS/GPS ambiguity-float PPP (BGfloat), BDS ambiguity-fixed PPP (Bfix), GPS ambiguity-fixed (Gfix), and BDS/GPS ambiguity-fixed (BGfix). The average convergence speed of the ambiguity-fixed solution is greatly improved compared with the ambiguity-float solution. In terms of the average convergence time, the Bfloat is the longest and the BGfix is the shortest among these six strategies. Whether for ambiguity-float PPP or ambiguity-fixed PPP, the convergence reduction time in three directions for the combined system is the largest compared with the single BDS. The average RMS value of the Bfix in three directions (easting (E), northing (N), and up (U)) are 2.0?cm, 1.5?cm, and 5.9?cm respectively, while those of the Gfix are 0.8?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.7?cm. Compared with single system, the BDS/GPS combined ambiguity-fixed system (BGfix) has the fastest convergence speed and the highest accuracy, with average RMS as 0.7?cm, 0.5?cm, and 1.9?cm for the E, N, U components, respectively.