Proportional fuzzy feed-forward architecture control validation by wind tunnel tests of a morphing wing

In aircraft wing design, engineers aim to provide the best possible aerodynamic performance under cruise flight conditions in terms of lift-to-drag ratio. Conventional control sur-faces such as flaps, ailerons, variable wing sweep and spoilers are used to trim the aircraft for other flight conditions. The appearance of the morphing wing concept launched a new challenge in the area of overall wing and aircraft performance improvement during different flight segments by locally altering the flow over the aircraft's wings. This paper describes the development and appli-cation of a control system for an actuation mechanism integrated in a new morphing wing structure. The controlled actuation system includes four similar miniature electromechanical actuators dis-posed in two parallel actuation lines. The experimental model of the morphing wing is based on a full-scale portion of an aircraft wing, which is equipped with an aileron. The upper surface of the wing is a flexible one, being closed to the wing tip; the flexible skin is made of light composite materials. The four actuators are controlled in unison to change the flexible upper surface to improve the flow quality on the upper surface by delaying or advancing the transition point from laminar to turbulent regime. The actuators transform the torque into vertical forces. Their bases are fixed on the wing ribs and their top link arms are attached to supporting plates fixed onto the flex-ible skin with screws. The actuators push or pull the flexible skin using the necessary torque until the desired vertical displacement of each actuator is achieved. The four vertical displacements of the actuators, correlated with the new shape of the wing, are provided by a database obtained through a preliminary aerodynamic optimization for specific flight conditions. The control system is designed to control the positions of the actuators in real time in order to obtain and to maintain the desired shape of the wing for a specified flight condition. The feasibility and effectiveness of the developed control system by use of a proportional fuzzy feed-forward methodology are demon-strated experimentally through bench and wind tunnel tests of the morphing wing model.     

A high-order SPH method by introducing inverse kernels

The smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is usually expected to be an effi-cient numerical tool for calculating the fluid-structure interactions in compressors; however, an endogenetic restriction is the problem of low-order consistency. A high-order SPH method by intro-ducing inverse kernels, which is quite easy to be implemented but efficient, is proposed for solving this restriction. The basic inverse method and the special treatment near boundary are introduced with also the discussion of the combination of the Least-Square (LS) and Moving-Least-Square (MLS) methods. Then detailed analysis in spectral space is presented for people to better under-stand this method. Finally we show three test examples to verify the method behavior.     

The Dawn Framing Camera

The Framing Camera (FC) is the German contribution to the Dawn mission. The camera will map 4 Vesta and 1 Ceres through a clear filter and 7 band-pass filters covering the wavelengths from the visible to the near-IR. The camera will allow the determination of the physical parameters of the asteroids, the reconstruction of their global shape as well as local topography and surface geomorphology, and provide information on composition via surface reflectance characteristics. The camera will also serve for orbit navigation. The resolution of the Framing Camera will be up to 12 m per pixel in low altitude mapping orbit at Vesta (62 m per pixel at Ceres), at an angular resolution of 93.7 ??rad?px^?1. The instrument uses a reclosable front door to protect the optical system and a filter-wheel mechanism to select the band-pass for observation. The detector data is read out and processed by a data processing unit. A power converter unit supplies all required power rails for operation and thermal maintenance. For redundancy reasons, two identical cameras were provided, both located side by side on the +Z-deck of the spacecraft. Each camera has a mass of 5.5 kg.     

Simulated cometary matter as a test for enantiomer separating chromatography for use on comet 46P/Wirtanen.

The Cometary Sampling and Composition Experiment on board of European Space Agency's cornerstone mission ROSETTA is designed to identify organic molecules in cometary matter in situ by a combined pyrolysis gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric technique. Its capillary columns coated with chiral stationary phases received considerable attention, because they are designed for separations of non-complex enantiomers to allow the determination of enantiomeric ratios of cometary chiral organic compounds and consequently to provide information about the origin of molecular parity violation in biomolecules. To get gas chromatographic access to organic compounds on the comet, where macromolecules and complex organic polymers of low volatility are expected to make up the main organic ingredients, the combination of two injection techniques will be applied. The pyrolysis technique performed by heating cometary samples stepwise to defined temperatures in specific ovens resulting in thermochemolysis reactions of polymers and a chemical derivatization technique, in which the reagent dimethylformamide dimethylacetal assists pyrolysis derivatization reactions in producing methyl esters of polar monomers. The combination of the reagent assisted pyrolysis gas chromatographic technique with enantiomer separating chromatography was tested with laboratory-produced simulated cometary matter.     

多载波DS—CDMA在数字微波通信系统中的应用

基于数字微波通信系统的特点，介绍了多载波SD-CDMA（Multicarrier-DS-CDMA,即MC-DS-CDMA）调制技术的基本原理及其应用于数字微波通信系统中的具体实现方法。从理论上详细地分析了MC-CDMA工作方式的性能，并将其与传统的数字微波通信系统进行了比较，阐明了将MC-DS-CDMA工作方式应用于数字微波通信系统的必要性。     

带着全家去出海

这个夏天,有没有筹划一次全家人都可以参与的旅行呢?带着爱人或者家里的小朋友与大自然进行一次深入的交流,想必对于彼此之前感情的沟通能起到不错的作用。如果可以,带着全家去出海吧!     

Numerical modelling of radiance of the presumed dust torus around Mars in the 0.350–1 μm spectral range

With the use of high performance liquid chromatography the products of abiogenic synthesis of adenine nucleotides in solid films were indentified and estimated quantitatively. The main products of photosynthesis appeared to be adenosine and deoxyadenosine monophosphates. Maximal yield of these products in case of adenosine has been 0.36 for 5′AMP, 0.41% for 2′(3′)AMP, 0.20 for 2′3′cAMP; in case of deoxyadenosine 0.13% for 5′dAMP, 0.15% for 3′dAMP, 0.24% for 3′5′cdAMP. The destruction of initial adenosine and deoxyadenosine by the end of the experiment was 10 and 15%, respectively. By the increasing of irradiation dose, 5′AMP and 5′dAMP synthesized in the cource of VUV photolysis were destructed up to adenine, its yield being 15% in both cases.     

Women''s place in space exploration

A Mars manned space mission would be characterized by long-lasting psycho-social stress for its human participants. Based on the results of our and other authors' experiments with small human groups under simulated space stress conditions, and bearing in mind historical evidence of the changing role of women in human society, the differences of feminine and masculine cognitive patterns should be taken into greater account. Participation of women in astronautics should be reconsidered from the point of view of the roles of women as members of a space ship crew, as members of a space control centre and in relation to the family life of male astronauts on long-term space missions.