跟踪微分器在变流量燃气发生器上的应用研究

变流量固冲发动机(VFDR)工作时,常采用PID控制器控制燃气发生器内燃气压强。对于阶跃或方波形式的压力指令,往往由于误差信号的突变使执行机构瞬时输出的控制力过大,产生较大的燃气压强超调与燃气流量负调,严重影响了控制系统的性能。为解决上述问题,在常规的PID控制器基础上,引入跟踪微分器(TD)给压力指令信号合理地安排一个快速无超调的过渡过程并提取微分信号。然后令燃气压强跟踪这个安排的过渡过程,使压强达到期望值。通过对变流量燃气发生器的非线性模型进行仿真试验,结果表明:相比于PID控制器,无论压力指令在高或低压强范围内,所提出的控制器均具有更高的稳态精度和快速性,压强的超调量不超过3.7%,响应时间在1s以内。此外,该控制器在抑制燃气流量的负调量上展现了巨大的优势,可将最大负调量减小2.7～3.25倍,显著地提升了VFDR的性能。     

Satellite group autonomous operation mechanism and planning algorithm for marine target surveillance

In terms of fast response problem of unanticipated marine target, it is necessary to design the satellite-ground-combined operation mechanism and planning algorithm for autonomous task planning. Firstly, based on the autonomous operation and task planning of remote sensing satellite group, it is divided into two parts: ground planning and satellite autonomous planning. Secondly,the satellite-ground-combined operation mechanism and operation flow for task planning are proposed after fully considering the resource characteristics and task demand characteristics of the ground and satellite. The satellite autonomous task planning algorithm based on extended contract net is designed. Through the simulation operation of the self-developed distributed simulation demonstration software, it shows that the operation mechanism can coordinate and cooperate effectively between the satellite autonomous task planning and ground planning. It can give full play to the advantages of the ground computing resources, reflect the control intention, make full use of the real-time feature and flexibility of the satellite calculation, and respond fast to the unanticipated task. Besides, it has solved problems of the untimely response of ground control on unanticipated observation task, the limitation of satellite computing resources and satellite-ground planning and coordination, which can effectively improve the responsiveness of remote sensing satellite to the observation task of maritime unanticipated target.     

伺服系统机械谐振机理与抑制方法分析

现今高性能伺服系统对系统带宽提出了越来越高的要求,而传动轴、联轴器、减速器等传动机构均存在一定的弹性,使得系统具有一定频率的谐振点.当系统带宽覆盖该谐振频率时,系统就会发生机械谐振现象.尤其对减速器等必然存在传动间隙的传动装置,间隙的存在极大地降低了传动刚度,并加剧谐振带来的危害.在分析伺服系统机械谐振产生机理的基础上,对目前国内外关于抑制机械谐振的各种方法进行了介绍与分析.针对舵系统应用背景指出了几种具有良好应用前景的抑制方法,并着重进行了分析与研究.     

水下搅拌摩擦加工对AZ91镁合金组织和力学性能的影响

在空气中和水下对AZ91镁合金铸造板材进行搅拌摩擦加工,并对材料的微观组织和力学性能进行了分析测试。研究结果表明:由于水的强制冷却作用,水下搅拌摩擦加工板的搅拌区面积小于空气中加工板,两种板材搅拌区的微观组织均得到了显著细化,平均晶粒尺寸分别为1.9μm和3.5μm;热机影响区均形成了纤维状组织,且水下搅拌摩擦加工板的组织更为细小;空气中加工板的热影响区出现了组织粗化,而水下加工板的热影响区的晶粒尺寸与母材相当。两种加工工艺均使第二相β-Mg17Al12由原始铸态组织中连续网状变为颗粒状。由于水下加工板的组织更为细小,其硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率较空气中搅拌摩擦加工板高。     

基于薄膜热电堆的新型高温瞬态热流密度传感器的研制

目前针对国内薄膜瞬态热流传感器一致性较差、制备工艺不成熟等问题，提出了一种基于光刻工艺和离子束溅射镀膜工艺的制备方法，200对T型金属薄膜热电偶沉积在10mm×10mm的水冷块上，测量1μm的氧化铝热阻层温差，从而得到瞬态热流密度值。对新型高温瞬态热流密度传感器进行比对法标定，一致性误差为0.211%，即工艺的一致性约为99.79%。实验表明，研制的新型高温瞬态热流密度传感器的一致性好,制备工艺具备良好重复性和可移植性，能够满足高温瞬态热流检测需要，为热流传感器的推广应用及标准化、批量化生产提供了良好的技术支撑。     

M40/648碳纤维环氧复合材料热循环效应研究

空间热循环作用的耐受性是决定碳环氧复合材料在轨服役寿命的重要因素之一。文章以M40/648碳纤维环氧复合材料为研究对象,开展了热循环(温度区间:-150~+150℃)效应试验研究,分析了试验前后的材料质量损失率、层间剪切性能、微观形貌和表面成分的变化。结果显示:热循环作用后材料的质量损失率在0.04%~0.07%之间;200次热循环使材料层间剪切强度提高,而300次热循环导致材料层间剪切强度下降1.16%;热循环作用对材料断口形貌影响较大,同时造成材料表面碳元素含量降低。     

浅谈船舶柴油机排放污染及控制对策

本文论述了船舶柴油机废气排放对大气污染的影响，介绍了IMO（国际海事组织）对船舶柴油机排放的控制要求，以及国内外柴油机研究机构和制造公司所采取的对策。     

弱撞击对接机构动力学特性建模

针对空间飞行器捕获对接过程中复杂的多体动力学问题,鉴于弱撞击对接机构(Low impact docking mechanism,LIDM)不同于以往常见的刚性对接机构,其在对接过程中产生碰撞力远小于空间飞行器自身的重量,且自身对接环处安装有六维力传感器,因此可以将捕获过程中LIDM处产生的碰撞力等效为作用于对接环质心处的时变载荷。依据第二类拉格朗日方程的动力学建模方法,推导了各组件动力学参数的具体表达式,建立了全刚体目标系统下的多体动力学模型,并基于MATLAB实现了动力学参数的输出。用ADAMS的多体动力学模型进行仿真验证,结果表明:两者的计算验证结果证明了以拉格朗日方程建立的LIDM捕获动力学模型的正确性。为研究空间对接机构的结构优化与工程应用打下了基础。     

Space Environment Deteation of Chinese Meteorological Satellites

This paper presents the space environment detection of Chinese geosynchronous and sun-synchronous meteorological satellites and gives a short perspective of space environment observations on board meteorological satellites.     

The Space Environment Monitors of Shenzhou Manned Spacecrafts

For the purpose of ensuring normal operations of Shenzhou (SZ) series of manned spacecrafts and cosmonauts' safety, Space Environment Monitors (SEM)are mounted on board SZ-2, 3, 4, 5. SEMs aim to detect the high energy particles, the low energy particles, charging potential, atmospheric desity and composition. Detection of SEMs enable us to understand better the space environment in the manned spacecraft's orbit, and to provide a good space environment services for the spacecraft and cosmonauts. In addition, by using the data from SEMs, we have achieved some scientific accomplishments, such as the energy spectra of precipitating electrons, the abnormal variety of atmospheric density and composition during geomagnetic disturbances, the electron angle distribution in the low orbit and so on.