侧载及加热方位对槽道内临界热流密度影响

为了研究侧载以及加热方位对矩形窄缝槽道内临界热流密度特性的影响,在旋转平台上进行了两相流的超重力实验.以蒸馏水为工质,通过改变质量流速、入口温度、侧载大小以及加热方位,获得了发生临界换热现象时的质量流速、实验段压降和壁温的变化趋势,考察了侧载和加热方位对临界热流密度的影响规律,并对侧载下两相流不稳定性进行了简析.实验表明:发生临界换热时,壁温迅速上升,有效加热热流开始减少,关闭加热电源后,实验段压降下降、质量流速回升较明显;侧载以及不同的加热方位对临界热流密度有明显影响;临界热流密度发生前后,蒸汽回流导致进口温度上升,增加了流动的不稳定性.      

涡轮导叶吸力面簸箕型孔气膜冷却特性实验研究

为了研究涡轮导叶吸力面的气膜冷却特性,在跨声速涡轮叶栅传热风洞中,采用瞬态方法实验测量了两个位置处的单排簸箕型气膜孔的冷却效率,分析了多个气动参数对其分布规律的影响。两排簸箕型孔分别位于相对弧长6.8%和21.7%处,叶栅通道基于叶片弦长的进口雷诺数为1.7×105~5.7×105,出口等熵马赫数为0.81~1.01,吹风比为0.6~2.1,涵盖了涡轮导叶典型工作状态。结果表明:对于簸箕型气膜孔,设计雷诺数条件下最佳吹风比在0.9~1.2附近,靠近前缘的孔排2的贴附性要好于孔排1;主流马赫数对孔后冷却效率的影响可以忽略,而低雷诺数下的冷却效率低于中高雷诺数工况;簸箕型气膜孔的冷却效率高于圆柱型孔,在BR1.5的中高吹风比时表现更明显;低吹风比时,凸面的冷却效率高于平板,尤其是s/d20距离内,而在高吹风比时,射流动量增加促进了气膜脱离凸面,从而降低了冷却效率。     

基于中弧线曲率控制的压气机叶型优化

为提高压气机叶型优化设计水平,基于中弧线曲率控制方法编写了压气机叶片造型程序,将中弧线曲率控制参数作为优化变量,结合粒子群寻优算法对传统可控扩散叶型(CDA)进行了优化研究。结果表明:基于中弧线曲率控制的叶片造型程序能够对CDA叶型进行较好的拟合,拟合叶型的气动性能与设计要求较符。优化叶型在设计点的总压损失降低了约6.34%,优化叶型总压损失随攻角变化较为平缓。在一定攻角范围内,叶型中弧线曲率峰值的前移能够将吸力面马赫数峰值前移,提高叶型吸力面的扩压能力,降低总压损失。在大攻角工况下,改进的中弧线曲率分布能够显著降低叶型总压损失。将中弧线曲率控制参数作为优化变量进行CDA叶型的优化是可行的。     

双环预混旋流燃烧室点熄火性能试验研究

为了通过试验方法获得贫油点熄火边界,以双环预混旋流低污染燃烧室为研究对象,分析主燃级径向旋流器的叶片角 度、旋转方向及多斜孔壁火焰筒的冷却孔偏转角等参数对燃烧室点熄火性能的影响。结果表明：主燃级旋流器叶片角度对燃烧室的 点火性能影响不大;火焰筒冷却孔有偏转角且方向与主燃级旋流器旋向相同时的点火性能优于旋向相反时的点火性能;预燃级旋 流器与主燃级旋流器旋向相反时,火焰筒冷却孔有偏转角且方向与主燃级旋流器旋向相同时的点火性能优于无偏转角时的点火性 能,旋向相同时,则无明显影响;火焰筒冷却孔无偏转角时,预燃级旋流器与主燃级旋流器旋向相反的贫油熄火性能优于旋向相同 时的贫油熄火性能。     

点燃式航空重油活塞发动机冷起动控制策略

针对点燃式航空重油活塞发动机低温起动困难问题,采取了空气辅助缸内直喷技术手段,开展了冷起动控制策略研究及试验验证研究,解决了-10 ℃发动机低温顺利起动问题。提取了影响冷起动的关键控制参数,并对其进行了规律研究,获得了环境温度对各参数的最优匹配结果及试验验证;定义了点燃式重油发动机的冷起动阶段,根据匹配和试验结果获得了关键参数与缸体温度的映射关系,设计了冷起动策略并进行了试验验证。结果表明:缸体温度在-10～20 ℃之间,最佳喷油提前角在上止点前50°~85°范围,最佳点火提前角为上止点前45°可以保证重油发动机平稳起动,起动时间小于3 s。     

乘务类学生英语课程教学方法实证探析

通过问卷调查探析乘务类本科生对交际和非交际教学法及活动的认识和态度,旨在研究一种可以有效提高英语教学质量的方法.结果表明乘务类学生对交际教学活动和非交际教学活动都有偏好,因此对于此类学生更为有效的教学方法就是采取折中的综合性教学法.     

电子技术基础课程研究型教学模式的探索与实践

本文首先阐明对培养学生创新意识培养的认识,然后讲述怎样结合电子技术基础课程的特点建立研究型教学模式,进而介绍丰富的教学实践,以及多层次、系列化和立体化的教材建设,最后说明教学效果。     

新概念机翼尾流特性实验

大型飞机常采用开启襟翼以增大机翼升力系数,实现较大迎角的起飞和降落,而机翼在大迎角状态下,翼尖会产生能量集中且自由消散时间长的飞机尾涡,严重影响后续起降飞机的安全。基于Rayleigh-Ludwieg不稳定性,提出一种新概念飞机襟翼布局,通过水槽实验发现:新概念布局的襟翼对翼尖涡的消散具有明显的促进作用,不同参数组合下襟翼涡对翼尖涡的运动特性和能量变化的影响均有不同。实验结果也为飞机尾流控制的研究提供了参考,在满足飞行力学设计的基础上,合理运用增升装置构建四涡系统可以有效促进飞机尾流的消散,提高机场飞机起降效率。     

Early effects of low dose C ion or X-ray irradiation on human peripheral blood lymphocytes

The aim of this study was to estimate the acute effects of low dose ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation on human immune function. The human peripheral blood lymphocytes (HPBL) of seven healthy donors were exposed to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions or X-ray radiation and cell responses were measured at 24 h after exposure. The cytotoxic activities of HPBL were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT); the percentages of T and NK cells subsets were detected by flow cytometry; mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were examined by real time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR); and these cytokines protein levels in supernatant of cultured cells were assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The results showed that the cytotoxic activity of HPBL, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ and TNF-α in HPBL and their protein levels in supernatant were significantly increased at 24 h after exposure to 0.05 Gy ¹²C⁶⁺ ions radiation and the effects were stronger than observed for X-ray exposure. However, there was no significant change in the percentage of T and NK cells subsets of HPBL. These results suggested that 0.05 Gy high linear energy transfer (LET) ¹²C⁶⁺ radiation was a more effective approach to host immune enhancement than that of low LET X-ray. We conclude that cytokines production might be used as sensitive indicators of acute response to LDI.     

Measurements of heat transfer and pressure in a trailing edge cavity of a turbine blade

 An experimental investigation is conducted to obtain the heat transfer and pressure drop data for an integral trailing edge cavity test section that simulates a novel turbine blade's internal cooling passage with bleed holes. Local heat transfer is measured on both the suction and pressure sides by a transient liquid crystal technique, while pressures at six positions are recorded by pressure calibrators. Moreover, flow characteristic and its effect on heat transfer are analyzed for conditions with or without bleed flow. The experimental results show that, in the cases with bleed flow, local heat transfer on the pressure side exceeds that on the suction side in the first and second channels. In the cases without bleed flow, in the first and third channels, local heat transfer on the suction side weakens whilst it increases significantly on the pressure side. For the second channel, non-bleed condition leads to a more balanced heat transfer distribution between the upstream and downstream channel. Besides, after the bleed holes are blocked, heat transfer in the first bend region on the suction side declines sharply, while the opposite phenomenon occurs for the second bend region on the pressure side. In both bleed and non-bleed cases, the total pressure of six measurement positions decreases continuously along the channel at the same Reynolds number and it promotes for higher Reynolds number. Among all the measurement points, under the same flow rate condition, the highest speed occurs at Position 5, which also shows the maximum difference between the total and static pressures. When the bleed holes are blocked, the total pressure at each measurement position appears to increase.