致敬最好的时光

《艺术家》导演:迈克尔·哈扎纳维希乌斯主演:让·杜雅尔丹贝热尼丝·贝乔故事梗概:上世纪30年代的好莱坞,有声时代来临,演员和整个工业都面临着脱胎换骨的变化。默片时期的大明星乔治·瓦伦汀,可谓是一个时代的标志和偶像,但对有声片毫无好感的他在经历了很多波折之后,还是和自己的制片厂分道扬镳。有声时代的新生代女星米勒红极一时,但米勒的走红不仅和乔治有关,她本人也一直为乔治的才华所倾倒。所以,为了帮助乔治重新走回舞台,米勒决定帮助他,而两个人的爱情故事也从此正式开始。     

基于线性最小均方差估计的星敏感器故障诊断

针对使用两个星敏感器进行姿态测量的三轴稳定控制系统,利用星敏感器输出值与陀螺输出值的解析冗余关系,通过设计两个滤波器实现对不同星敏感器的故障隔离.考虑到陀螺测量噪声以乘性噪声的形式出现在姿态运动学方程中,利用陀螺输出测量值和目标星敏感器的测量值,采用线性最小均方差估计器得到包含目标星敏感器故障信息的残差; 以无故障情况下残差的统计方差为基础得到阈值,通过检验残差评价值是否超过相应的阈值,实现对目标星敏感器故障的检测; 分别将两个星敏感器作为目标星敏感器,综合两个故障检测结果隔离故障.对星敏感器出现测量偏差和精度逐渐下降两种故障的仿真验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于Tersoff-Brenner势的航天器群图形编队研究

从分子动力学模拟角度提出了一种分布式航天器群导航控制方法,可使行星中心开普勒轨道上的航天器群在有限的感知信息条件下自发实现图形编队.该法基于人工势场技术,主要分为两个部分：改造自C-W方程的外围全局汇聚势场和基于Tersoff-Brenner势的局部塑形势场.前者将各航天器导引至预设汇聚点附近,后者进一步使各航天器自我调整彼此相对位置,最终编成期望构型.此外,引入一速度依赖型耗散项以确保任意初始分布条件下图形编队均收敛.通过地球同步轨道上航天器群正四面体构型（含中心,即金刚石结构单元）编队仿真,验证了所提方法的有效性和优越性.将编队脚本简单修改,该法还可方便用于其它类碳元素同素异形体构型的塑造,如石墨晶体结构单元正六边形等.     

燃油分级比例对TAPS燃烧室性能的影响

综合考虑燃烧室对低污染和出口温度分布的需求,对中心分级的TAPS燃烧室流量分配进行了设计和燃烧数值模拟,该流量分配方案采用了不同燃油分级比例。计算结果表明:燃油分级比例对TAPS燃烧室宏观流场结构改变不大,改变3级旋流的流量可影响燃烧室局部当量比,同时能够减小高温区,改善出口温度分布品质,从而大幅降低NOX和CO排放。     

Topological biosignatures: large-scale structure of chemical networks from biology and astrochemistry

The chemical basis of life involves more than simply the presence of biological molecules; biochemical systems embody a complex network of reactions with characteristic topological features. At the same time, chemical complexity is also present in nonbiological contexts, inviting us to clarify the relationship between chemistry and life through comparative studies. This study examines chemical networks from biology (the metabolism of E. coli) and astronomy (gas-phase reactions in dark molecular clouds) to establish common topological features that may be generic for any complex chemical system, as well as clear differences that may be topological signatures of life. The biological and astrochemical networks exhibit different scaling behaviors, and the network motifs found in the two systems show similarities as well as significant differences. The PageRank algorithm was used to quantify the degree to which individual species act primarily as products or reactants; in the metabolic network, these two roles are nearly identical for most species, whereas the astrochemical network shows a clearer partitioning into reactants and products.     

Abundance and diversity of microbial inhabitants in European spacecraft-associated clean rooms

The determination of the microbial load of a spacecraft en route to interesting extraterrestrial environments is mandatory and currently based on the culturable, heat-shock-surviving portion of microbial contaminants. Our study compared these classical bioburden measurements as required by NASA's and ESA's guidelines for the microbial examination of flight hardware, with molecular analysis methods (16S rRNA gene cloning and quantitative PCR) to further develop our understanding of the diversity and abundance of the microbial communities of spacecraft-associated clean rooms. Three samplings of the Herschel Space Observatory and its surrounding clean rooms were performed in two different European facilities. Molecular analyses detected a broad diversity of microbes typically found in the human microbiome with three bacterial genera (Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium, and Brevundimonas) common to all three locations. Bioburden measurements revealed a low, but heterogeneous, abundance of spore-forming and other heat-resistant microorganisms. Total cell numbers estimated by quantitative real-time PCR were typically 3 orders of magnitude greater than those determined by viable counts, which indicates a tendency for traditional methods to underestimate the extent of clean room bioburden. Furthermore, the molecular methods allowed the detection of a much broader diversity than traditional culture-based methods.     

The PROCESS experiment: an astrochemistry laboratory for solid and gaseous organic samples in low-earth orbit

The PROCESS (PRebiotic Organic ChEmistry on the Space Station) experiment was part of the EXPOSE-E payload outside the European Columbus module of the International Space Station from February 2008 to August 2009. During this interval, organic samples were exposed to space conditions to simulate their evolution in various astrophysical environments. The samples used represent organic species related to the evolution of organic matter on the small bodies of the Solar System (carbonaceous asteroids and comets), the photolysis of methane in the atmosphere of Titan, and the search for organic matter at the surface of Mars. This paper describes the hardware developed for this experiment as well as the results for the glycine solid-phase samples and the gas-phase samples that were used with regard to the atmosphere of Titan. Lessons learned from this experiment are also presented for future low-Earth orbit astrochemistry investigations.     

环境减灾-1B卫星遥感数据在干旱监测中的应用

以2010-2011年发生在山东省的秋、冬、春三季连旱为例,介绍了环境减灾-1B（HJ-1B）卫星遥感数据在干旱监测中的应用。获取了山东省干旱发展顶峰时段的HJ-1B卫星采集的多光谱和热红外遥感影像,利用ENVI 4.7遥感数据处理平台对山东全省的归一化植被指数和地面温度进行了反演,在此基础上计算了山东全省的植被供水指数,并据此将山东省的干旱情况划分为5级,对该干旱监测结果进行了分析。为了验证结论的可靠性,将干旱监测结果与全国降水距平百分率进行了对比,对比结果表明两者一致性较好。文章提供了HJ-1B卫星遥感数据在干旱监测方面的一个实例,其监测结果为相关减灾部门的救灾工作提供了重要的参考,同时也为HJ-1B卫星遥感数据在干旱监测方面的业务化运营提供了一个通用的方法。     

基于BP神经网络的高精度陀螺恒流源补偿方法

为了提高陀螺恒流源精度,提出一种基于BP神经网络的陀螺恒流源补偿方法.采用BP神经网络训练恒流源控制指令与恒流源输出之间的非线性映射稳态模型,以实时估计恒流源输出偏差.设计恒流源控制指令补偿判据,当输出偏差超出设定裕度时,按比例对恒流源控制指令值进行实时补偿,使得恒流源输出更接近控制目标值,以实现更优的精度.通过实物在回路仿真验证了上述方案的有效性,并通过与传统对控制指令进行分段线性标定方法相比较,显示了上述方案的恒流控制优势.     

旋转盘片式空间相机快门的设计与研制

以空间成像观测中应用的快门装置为研究目标,介绍了目前在空间相机中应用的几种快门型式,并分析其优缺点.选取旋转盘片式快门作为研究对象,从曝光方式出发,研究快门控制策略,分析电机选型及控制规则,构建基于DSP控制器的方案,并基于该方案进行了快门曝光时间的测试,最大误差3.0%,最小误差0.1%,测试结果满足任务需求.目前该装置在国内同类快门中具有动态范围宽、曝光误差小、工程化程度高的特点.