Global Response of Martian Plasma Environment to an Interplanetary Structure: From Ena and Plasma Observations at Mars

As a part of the global plasma environment study of Mars and its response to the solar wind, we have analyzed a peculiar case of the subsolar energetic neutral atom (ENA) jet observed on June 7, 2004 by the Neutral Particle Detector (NPD) on board the Mars Express satellite. The “subsolar ENA jet” is generated by the interaction between the solar wind and the Martian exosphere, and is one of the most intense sources of ENA flux observed in the vicinity of Mars. On June 7, 2004 (orbit 485 of Mars Express), the NPD observed a very intense subsolar ENA jet, which then abruptly decreased within ∼10 sec followed by quasi-periodic (∼1 min) flux variations. Simultaneously, the plasma sensors detected a solar wind structure, which was most likely an interplanetary shock surface. The abrupt decrease of the ENA flux and the quasi-periodic flux variations can be understood in the framework of the global response of the Martian plasma obstacle to the interplanetary shock. The generation region of the subsolar ENA jet was pushed towards the planet by the interplanetary shock; and therefore, Mars Express went out of the ENA jet region. Associated global vibrations of the Martian plasma obstacle may have been the cause of the quasi-periodic flux variations of the ENA flux at the spacecraft location.     

压电驱动自耦合射流流动特性实验

为了研究压电驱动狭缝喷口自耦合射流的流动特性,采用PIV、热线风速仪测试手段,对自耦合射流激发器在不同激励因素下的流场和速度场分布进行了实验和分析.结果显示,自耦合射流在狭缝出口处产生了反向涡对,随着自耦合射流的发展,射流呈现出在喷口短轴方向急剧向两侧扩展、而在喷口长轴方向先收缩后缓慢扩展的流动特征;自耦合射流的速度分布在法线方向呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在z/b=10左右速度达到最大值;在射流展向上,短轴方向速度呈规律的对称分布和速度自模的特征,而长轴方向速度近喷口区域呈现马鞍状分布,随着法向距离增加这种趋势消失.研究中发现,激发器存在两个谐振频率,在谐振频率激发下自耦合射流的速度和涡量比较大.与常规射流相比,自耦合射流显示出了独特的流动特性.     

氢氧爆轰直接起始的射流点火方法研究

为探讨氢氧爆轰驱动激波风洞中的高氢混合比氢氧混合气直接爆轰的点火方法，对射流点火管的点火能力进行实验研究发现，点火管长度是决定射流点火能力的关键因素，射流点火能力随点火管长度的增加而增强。点火管与爆轰管之间无隔膜，结构简单，操作方便。同时观察了点火管中增添孔板对射流点火能力的影响，发现障碍物对射流点火能力具有减弱作用。     

可控环量帆翼在船舶上应用的研究

本文试验研究了一种可控环量帆翼,利用壁面切向喷流来移动帆翼圓尾缘分离点位置,可获得比普通帆翼更高的推力系数。文中介绍了展弦比为1的三维可控环量帆翼的试验研究。试验表明,这种可控环量帆翼在较小的喷流动量系数下,即可获得较大的升力增益。在喷流动量系数 C_μ=0.1时,零攻角升力系数已达0.9,在有攻角的情况下,升力系数最大可达2.2。同时,由于帆翼尾部壁面团向喷流的 Coanda 效应,这种可控环量帆翼的阻力亦较大。在喷流动量系数 C_μ=0.1时,零攻角阻力系数为0.3。文章对这种可控环量帆翼在船舶上的应用进行了讨论,并对其性能的进一步改进作了分析和探讨。     

自硬树脂砂型的开裂原因及防止措施

简述了冷硬树脂砂型在某些情况下的产生开裂的原因及机理，讨论了几种解决的方法，有利于改进产品质量，减少双方的经济损失。     

自由飞行态主动式自旋稳定姿态控制

为改善航天器在自由飞行状态下的自旋稳定姿态控制精度，在分别采用消章和消偏的基础上，提出了一种消章消偏综合控制方法，并选用带消偏约束的消章控制法，对桌细长型航天器的姿态控制进行了仿真试验。理论分析和实验结果表明，该控制法的姿态角控制精度较高，所用时间较短，可满足控制精度的要求。     

弹道导弹自由段解算的等高约束解析解

在状态空间摄动法的基础上，提出了求解终端为高度约束的弹道导弹自由段轨迹的方法，导出考虑J2项摄动的运动参数等高偏差解析解，并提出利用已有的等地心距偏差公式近似的思路。和其它解析方法相比，所提方法计算精度高，无须迭代。算例证明：解析方法的计算精度在50米以内，可以满足诸元和制导计算的要求。     

有限空间轴对称射流流场的数值模拟

本文在к－ε紊流模型下，采用罚有限元法对有限空间轴对称射流流场进行数值模拟。引用罚函数优化迎风格式和退化积分，建立有限元解法的数值矩阵，在不同截面上求得工，压力和紊流参数分布，计算结果与实验数据十分接近。本文研究结果可应用于火箭发动机的喷射设计和射流量论的研究。     

The effect of small vibrations on Marangoni convection and the free surface of a liquid bridge

The effects of small vibrations on Marangoni convection were investigated experimentally using a liquid bridge of 5 cSt silicone oil with a disk diameter of 7.0 mm, and an aspect ratio close to 0.5. Experiments were performed to determine the critical temperature difference data for no vibration case and with small vibrations applied. The experimental results have shown that the effect of small vibrations on the onset of oscillatory flow is small since the critical temperature difference data for different aspect ratios were not affected by the vibrations. To clarify the surface oscillation phenomena induced by external vibrations, a 3-D numerical simulation model was also developed using a level set algorithm to predict the surface oscillations of isothermal silicone oil bridges. By subjecting the liquid bridge to small vibrations, the surface oscillation characteristics were predicted numerically, and the numerical results compared well with the predictions of an analytical model proposed previously. Furthermore, the effect of small vibrations on the surface vibration amplitude of the liquid bridge is also discussed.     

双喷流对空空导弹直接力控制的影响

采用3阶WENO方法计算了空空导弹在6 km高度,马赫数Ma=2下双喷流工作的情况。针对有攻角的对侧双喷流和零攻角下成直角的双喷流进行数值分析,得到主要结论:攻角造成了上下喷流的非对称,喷流在导弹迎风面的作用力小于其在背风面的作用力;在成直角的双喷流作用下,两喷流之间的干扰会增强喷流的作用,得到的单喷流等效放大因子增大很多。