新一代通信卫星平台综合电子系统研究

卫星平台电子系统的先进性在很大程度上代表了卫星的先进性,随着通信卫星平台载荷容量的增大及功能的扩展,对星载电子系统提出了高性能、高可靠、智能化、集成化、小型化、产品化等要求。目前,国外通信卫星平台已经普遍采用了"综合电子"的设计理念,综合电子系统主要任务涵盖了数据处理、星务管理、供配     

中国卫星的发展及应用

总结了我国卫星的发展道路。指出20年来我国卫星的发展主攻方向是应用卫星,主要目标是高中低三类轨道的通信、遥感和科学实验卫星,发展的步骤采取了步数少、步距大、起点高的途径,发展方针是依靠自力更生和全国大协作。文章扼要介绍了自80年代我国卫星转入应用后的情况,已在教育、广播、通信、资源、测绘、气象、科学研究和国防建设等领域应用并作出了巨大贡献。文章最后指出了我国90年代卫星应用的光明前景。     

图像压缩系统设计

对基于FPGA+DSP架构的图像压缩系统进行了介绍，描述了其系统结构、原理及实现。根据实际需求,采用FPGA+DSP的系统架构设计了一种高性能的图像实时压缩装置，并对系统硬件电路、软件、结构等方面进行了优化设计，实现了飞行试验环境条件下多路视频的采集、压缩、传输、按时序切换等功能，具有处理延时小、功耗低、环境适应性好等特点，并通过了高低温、振动冲击、电磁兼容等多项环境试验考核，具有较高的应用价值。     

图像压缩系统设计

对基于FPGA+DSP架构的图像压缩系统进行了介绍,描述了其系统结构、原理及实现。根据实际需求,采用FPGA+DSP的系统架构设计了一种高性能的图像实时压缩装置,并对系统硬件电路、软件、结构等方面进行了优化设计,实现了飞行试验环境条件下多路视频的采集、压缩、传输、按时序切换等功能,具有处理延时小、功耗低、环境适应性好等特点,并通过了高低温、振动冲击、电磁兼容等多项环境试验考核,具有较高的应用价值。     

基于改进BP算法的复杂武器系统健康状态评估

根据复杂武器系统指标体系的确定原则：系统性原则、完整性原则、独立性原则、可比性原则、可操作性原则和定性与定量相结合的原则,建立了某复杂武器系统健康指标体系;分析了基本BP神经网络的优点及BP算法的缺陷,研究了一种改进的BP算法;建立了某复杂武器系统健康管理BP神经网络结构;对某复杂武器系统健康状态进行了评估,验证了指标体系的合理性。     

采用小电流进行阻值测试的方法研究

介绍了一种采用小电流进行阻值测试的方法。其用于要求严格控制测试电流、电压的阻值测量领域,采用了自动测试功能,解决了现有测试过程繁杂、耗时、准确度低、受人为因素影响较大等问题,提高了测试效率、安全性和准确度。     

一种两线制通用温度变送器的研制

设计了一种两线制通用温度变送器,能够处理热电阻、所有类型热电偶以及电阻、电压输入信号。实现了温度信号的线性化处理、冷端补偿、以及在线标定,信号转换准确度优于0.1%。通过变压器实现电源、输入、输出三端隔离,解决了因传感器绝缘下降导致的电流串扰问题,同时提高了抗干扰能力。变送器实现了模块化、通用化设计,具备远程数字通讯能力。     

临近空间飞艇外形优化设计与仿真

以临近空间飞艇为对象,针对传统外形设计方法中存在的问题,提出了新的优化设计方法,搭建了流程框架,编制了优化程序。首先研究了遗传算法及多学科设计理论,进而在此基础上建立了飞艇阻力、体面比、应力模型,利用多学科设计理念对飞艇气动、结构、强度进行了一体化设计。其次将遗传算法引入到优化设计当中,并利用Matlab和Fluent开展了联合仿真研究。最后结合实际应用需求进行了算例分析,验证了该方法的可行性和效果。     

热色液晶在检测和显示上的应用

对热色液晶在表面温度测量,微波、激光、超声等场分布的检测,以及国内外的应用实例作了简要叙述。介绍了热色液晶在微波场强分布、微带天线方向图、物理教学中电磁场图像的直观显示、金属表面热传递系数的测量。以及在医学中的广泛应用。指出了热色液晶在无损探伤,热控液晶字母数字显示,各种传感器、广告、玩具、装饰等方面的发展前景。最后给出了热色液晶的检测参数。     

继往开来再创辉煌 纪念东方红-1卫星成功发射45周年

<正>1970年4月24日,我国成功地研制并发射了第一颗人造地球卫星东方红-1,拉开了中国航天活动的序幕。45年来,中国的航天事业在人造卫星、载人航天和深空探测三个领域都取得了辉煌成就,进一步增强了中国的经济、国防、科技实力和民族凝聚力。首先,我国已建立了配套的航天基础设施。这些基础设施包括运载火箭、航天器、发射场、     

Exploration of groundwater potential zones mapping for hard rock region in the Jakham river basin using geospatial techniques and aquifer parameters

Geospatial techniques are useful to understand the groundwater resources assessment, development, and management. Groundwater mapping is essential to counter the excessive withdrawal of groundwater and fulfil the need of drinking, irrigation water in hard rock areas. Currently, the main problem is facing the groundwater level is decreasing due to less rainfall, climate changes and increasing demand, which is under in the hot zones. This results can be more useful for future challenges, sustainable development and demand to Jakham river basin. The main objective of this paper to demarcated the groundwater potential zones (GWPZ) using geospatial techniques for the hard rock region with the reference of aquifer parameters. In this paper, we have used to total eight thematic layers such as geomorphology, land use, soil, topographic elevation, slope, post-monsoon groundwater level (GWL), net recharge, and transmissivity, which are prepared from satellite data and field verification. All thematic layers were integrated for assigning the weights to demarcation of the groundwater potential zones in the RS and GIS environment. The selected thematic layers and features were assigned weightage and normalized by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) technique. Finally, the thematic layers were systematically integrated using weighted overlay analysis within a GIS environment. We have classified into five GWPZ classes i.e. very high, high, moderate, low, and very low for basin area using GIS, and AHP methods. The study area result indicated that high and moderate zone, which is confined in the central part of the basin, covers 2.43 % and 43.88 % area, respectively. The low (49.21 %) and very low (4.25%) GW potential zone is under the confined aquifer in the high slope and rock outcrops formations near the basin boundary. The final GWPZ map was validated with groundwater level fluctuation data, which illustrates the accuracy of the adopted approach. This unique approach and conclusions of this work may also help to develop the framework and policies for swiftly analyzing groundwater recharge planning, development and locating the artificial recharge structures in the other semi-arid, arid and hard rock regions.     

An extension of HZETRN for cosmic ray initiated electromagnetic cascades

Safe and efficient mission operations in space require an accurate understanding of the physical interactions of space radiation. As the primary space radiation interacts with intervening materials, the composition and spectrum of the radiation environment changes. The production of secondary particles can make a significant contribution to radiation exposure. In this work, the NASA space radiation transport code, HZETRN, is extended to include the transport of electrons, positrons, and photons. The production of these particles is coupled to the initial cosmic ray radiation environment through the decay of neutral pions, which produce high energy photons, and through the decay of muons, which produce electrons and positrons. The photons, electrons, and positrons interact with materials producing more photons, electrons and positrons generating an electromagnetic cascade. The relevant cross sections, transport equation, and solution method are introduced. Electron and positron production in Earth’s atmosphere is investigated and compared to experimental balloon-flight measurements. Reasonable agreement is seen between HZETRN and data.     

Integration of In-Situ Resource Utilization into lunar/Mars exploration through field analogs

The ability to extract and process resources at the site of exploration into useful products such as propellants, life support and power system consumables, and radiation and rocket exhaust plume debris shielding, known as In-Situ Resource Utilization or ISRU, has the potential to significantly reduce the launch mass, risk, and cost of robotic and human exploration of space. The incorporation of ISRU into missions can also significantly influence technology selection and system development in other areas such as power, life support, and propulsion. For example, the ability to extract or produce large amounts of oxygen and/or water in-situ could minimize the need to completely close life support air and water processing system cycles, change thermal and radiation protection of habitats, and influence propellant selection for ascent vehicles and surface propulsive hoppers. While concepts and even laboratory work on evaluating and developing ISRU techniques such as oxygen extraction from lunar regolith have been going on since before the Apollo 11 Moon landing, no ISRU system has ever flown in space, and only recently have ISRU technologies been developed at a scale and at a system level that is relevant to actual robotic and human mission applications. Because ISRU hardware and systems have never been demonstrated or utilized before on robotic or human missions, architecture and mission planners and surface system hardware developers are hesitant to rely on ISRU products and services that are critical to mission and system implementation success. To build confidence in ISRU systems for future missions and assess how ISRU systems can best influence and integrate with other surface system elements, NASA, with international partners, are performing analog field tests to understand how to take advantage of ISRU capabilities and benefits with the minimum of risk associated with introducing this game-changing approach to exploration. This paper will describe and review the results of four analog field tests (Moses Lake in 6/08, Mauna Kea in 11/08, Flagstaff in 9/09, and Mauna Kea in 1/10) that have begun the process of integrating ISRU into robotic and human exploration systems and missions, and propose future ISRU-related analog field test activities that can be performed in collaboration with non-US space agencies.     

Quality characteristics of the radish grown under reduced atmospheric pressure

This study addresses whether reduced atmospheric pressure (hypobaria) affects the quality traits of radish grown under such environments. Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Bomb Hybrid II) plants were grown hydroponically in specially designed hypobaric plant growth chambers at three atmospheric pressures; 33, 66, and 96 kPa (control). Oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures were maintained constant at 21 and 0.12 kPa, respectively. Plants were harvested at 21 days after planting, with aerial shoots and swollen hypocotyls (edible portion of the radish referred to as the “root” hereafter) separated immediately upon removal from the chambers. Samples were subsequently evaluated for their sensory characteristics (color, taste, overall appearance, and texture), taste-determining factors (glucosinolate and soluble carbohydrate content and myrosinase activity), proximate nutrients (protein, dietary fiber, and carbohydrate) and potential health benefit attributes (antioxidant capacity). In roots of control plants, concentrations of glucosinolate, total soluble sugar, and nitrate, as well as myrosinase activity and total antioxidant capacity (measured as ORAC_FL), were 2.9, 20, 5.1, 9.4, and 1.9 times greater than the amount in leaves, respectively. There was no significant difference in total antioxidant capacity, sensory characteristics, carbohydrate composition, or proximate nutrient content among the three pressure treatments. However, glucosinolate content in the root and nitrate concentration in the leaf declined as the atmospheric pressure decreased, suggesting perturbation to some nitrogen-related metabolism.     

GNSS-Reflectometry: Forest canopies polarization scattering properties and modeling

Nowadays, GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) can be a new promising remote sensing tool in the ocean, snow/ice and land surfaces, e.g., vegetation biomass monitoring. Although GNSS-R provides a potentially special L-band multi-angular and multi-polarization measurement, the theoretical vegetation scattering properties and mechanisms for GNSS-R are not understood clearly. In this paper, the GNSS-R vegetation polarization scattering properties are studied and modeled at different incidence angles (specular direction). The bistatic scattering model Bi-mimics is employed, which is the first-order radiative transfer equation. As a kind of forest stand, the Aspen’s crown layer is composed of entire leaves, and its parameters in Mimics handbook are used as model input. The specular circular polarizations (co-polarization RR and cross-polarization LR) are simulated. For cross-polarization, the received polarization is assumed as a linear (horizontal and vertical) polarizations and ±45° linear polarizations. Therefore, the HR VR, +45R and −45R polarizations are simulated here. Contributions from different scattering components at RR, LR and VR polarization are also presented. For co-polarization, it is large in the whole specular angles (10–80°). The scattering trends of the other cross polarization (HR, LR, +45R and −45R) are a little similar when compared to the RR and RV. Therefore, the RHCP and V polarizations are more favorable to collect the reflected signals. The trunk heights and crown depths do not affect the scattering trends of RR, RV and RL, while the trunk height has some effect on the scattering amplitude of different polarizations. The azimuth angle has more effects on RR, RL and RV scattering, especially in lower than 50°. The observation angles and polarization combinations are extremely important for GNSS-R remote sensing.     

流星参数的数值分析和流星高度分布模型

流星余迹能够被后向散射雷达观测到, 利用观测结果, 可以分析和研究流星的空间分布和时间变化规律. 同时, 利用流星空间分布还可以进行空间碎片的研究. 基于标准理论, 对影响雷达回波功率的主要因素, 例如如双极扩散、余迹的初始半径、流星的有限速度, 以及雷达的脉冲重复频率在不同频率和速度下进行了数值分析和计算, 得到的流星衰减时间及双极扩散系数的观测结果与理论结果一致. 通过对昆明流星雷 达观测到的571632个流星进行统计分析, 得到了流星高度分布统计模型, 并利用该模型的分析结果与不同月份流星的观测数据进行对比, 结果比较一致.      

空间里的时间:微重力等环境下的生物节律研究

生物钟是地球上的生物为适应环境周期性变化经历长期演化而来的内在机制.在分子水平上受生物钟基因及其他相关基因的调节；在组织水平上，生物钟由主生物钟和外周生物钟组成.生物钟对于各种生物的生理、认知和行为等具有重要功能，是生物适应环境的决定因素之一.空间环境下的微重力、辐射、光照条件、社会性因素等与地面存在很大差异，这些因素均可能导致节律紊乱，影响生物的生理及环境适应性.因此，对地外生命的研究也应该考虑生物钟因素.对航天员而言，节律紊乱可引起睡眠障碍，并且对骨肌系统、神经系统、心血管系统及内分泌系统等造成不利影响，导致人的认知和工效水平下降.在未来空间生命探索以及航天员健康保障研究中，生物钟是一个不可忽视的重要因素.      

Comprehensive evaluation of Satellite-Based and reanalysis precipitation products over the Mediterranean region in Turkey

Precipitation is an important component of the hydrological and energy cycles, as well as a key input parameter for many applications in the fields of hydrology, climatology, meteorology, and weather forecasting research. As a result, estimating precipitation accurately is critical. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive and comparative evaluation of grid-based precipitation products over Turkey's Mediterranean region from 2017 to 2021 at monthly and grid scales, using data from 193 ground-based meteorological stations as a reference. PERCIANN CCS, PDIR-Now, GSMaP MVK, PERSIANN CDR, CHIRPS, IMERG v6, GSMaP Gauge, and ERA5 are the eight grid-based precipitation products. Several prospective were used to evaluate the products, including magnitude agreement with gauge stations for the entire region and the six hydrological sub-basins included in the region, performance in capturing various intensity categories, and elevation dependency. According to the evaluation results, PERCIANN CDR, CHIRPS, IMERG v6, GSMaP Gauge, and ERA5 performed well in all evaluation aspects, whereas PERCIANN CCS, PDIR-Now, and GSMaP MVK performed poorly in all metrics. The majority of the products underestimated heavy rainfall events, while all products performed better at low and moderate precipitation events. As a result, the products performed better in the summer and spring months (March to October) than in the winter months (December to February). Furthermore, the results showed that the performance of the majority of the products degraded for elevations greater than 1000 m. The evaluation suggests that PERSIANN CDR, CHIRPS, IMERG v6, GSMaP Gauge, and ERA5 can be used as good precipitation data sources and as a complement to ground-based meteorological stations in Turkey's Mediterranean region.     

态势感知的概念与发展综述及微纳仿生态势感知系统的顶层设计

简要综述西方科技强国的态势感知概念、态势感知系统研发现状与应用、主要研发计划,总结其经验与教训,分析中国发展态势感知技术的迫切性与突破点.提供解决方案,介绍科研课题"微纳仿生空间态势感知器"中的态势感知概念、包括需求分析、模型设计、概要设计、应用设计的系统顶层设计内容.态势是指生物或系统对其内部状态和外部环境的"综合印象",包括自身状况和变化趋势、外部环境呈现出的某种状态和形势、发展趋势等.具有类似生物感知能力的态势感知器需要对自身状况、外界环境的多种物理量进行综合监测,其目的在于获取自身和环境的全面的、系统的信息.应用成熟的微纳米技术成果,以仿生学为主要理论导引,采用快速原型法设计开发基于微纳米技术和仿生学的态势感知器,可以广泛应用在太空、军事、环境保护、工业、消费电子等领域.     

Advancing participation of blind students in Science,Technology, Engineering,and Math

Like their sighted peers, many blind students in elementary, middle, and high school are naturally interested in space. This interest can motivate them to learn fundamental scientific, quantitative, and critical thinking skills, and sometimes even lead to careers in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) disciplines. However, these students are often at a disadvantage in science because of the ubiquity of important graphical information that is generally not available in accessible formats, the unfamiliarity of teachers with non-visual teaching methods, lack of access to blind role models, and the low expectations of their teachers and parents. We discuss joint efforts by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Federation of the Blind’s (NFB) National Center for Blind Youth in Science (NCBYS) to develop and implement strategies to promote opportunities for blind youth in science. These include the development of tactile space science books and curriculum materials, science academies for blind middle school and high school students, and college-level internship and mentoring programs. The partnership with the NFB exemplifies the effectiveness of collaborations between NASA and consumer-directed organizations to improve opportunities for underserved and underrepresented individuals.