首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 93 毫秒
1.
基于我国空间同位素热/电源使用环境特点,借鉴国外空间同热/电源安全认证的研究成果,通过对空间同位素热/电源应用环境剖面的分析,开展了空间同位素热/电源安全技术指标体系框架研究,建立了覆盖同位素热/电源产品研制、地面贮存/运输、发射准备、发射、在轨运行及废弃处置等全生命周期的正常和事故环境下的安全性技术指标体系,提出四大类型29项可考核技术指标,可作为空间同位素热/电源研制和安全性使用评价工作的主要依据,为解决我国使用空间同位素热/电源缺乏安全认证体系和安全性验证技术指标问题提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
为保证应用于深空探测器的同位素热源的安全性和可靠性,开展了深空探测器同位素热源环境试验技术研究。通过对同位素热源全寿命周期内各任务剖面的系统分析,总结得出了同位素热源环境试验项目,并对这些项目进行了研究及模拟实验,具体包括:高温–离心、高温–冲击、高温–振动等热–力复合环境试验技术,空气动力学加热、热冲击试验、发射场火灾事故地面模拟实验等异常环境安全性试验技术。通过以上研究建立了同位素热源鉴定级环境可靠性试验及异常环境安全性试验能力,为深空探测器同位素热源研制任务提供了技术支撑。  相似文献   

3.
先进电源技术是保障深空探测任务顺利进行的前提和基础。在梳理我国后续深空探测任务(月球极区探测、小天体探测、火星探测、木星探测等)对电源系统需求的基础上,对涉及空间应用的电源技术(化学能、太阳能、同位素及空间核反应堆电源)进行概述;针对深空探测对电源系统的需求特点,分别阐述了锂离子蓄电池、太阳能电源、钚-238放射性同位素电源和空间堆核反应电源的特点、发展简史、在深空探测中应用限制及发展建议,重点分析了钚-238同位素电源和空间核反应堆电源技术的关键技术、应用情况及应用前景,为深空探测先进电源技术的长足发展提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
核动力深空探测器现状及发展研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
深空探测中,由于无法使用太阳能或者太阳能的利用效率太低,需要使用空间核电源。当前用于月球表面、火星表面、木星及以远的飞行任务中的核动力深空探测器,均利用的同位素核源衰变能,包括同位素热源用于温度控制和采用温差发电用于供电。研究中的深空探测核动力应用包括月球基地、载人火星飞行、无人探测、使用核反应堆裂变能等。空间裂变电源的反应堆包括液态金属冷却堆和气冷堆两种方式,前者支持温差、斯特林和布雷顿发电,后者支持布雷顿和磁流体发电。近期开始探索研究核聚变深空探测器。纵观核动力深空探测器的发展历程,同位素电源依然在深空探测中发挥着重要作用,大功率空间核电源结合电推进将成为未来深空探测的重要关注方向。  相似文献   

5.
空间核动力在深空探测中的应用及发展综述   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在概要介绍空间核动力发展历程的基础上,总结了同位素热/电源、核反应堆电源、核推进在深空探测领域的应用情况和相关发展情况,并讨论了空间核动力的安全问题。对未来空间核动力在深空探测中应用面临的技术问题进行了展望。  相似文献   

6.
空间热离子能量转换技术发展综述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
空间核反应堆电源是未来空间任务大功率、长寿命能源需求的有力保障,热离子能量转换技术是空间热离子反应堆电源的关键技术之一。概述了空间热离子反应堆电源的总体构造及工作原理,从热离子能量转换的原理、热离子发电元件的类型及其特点、电极材料、试验装置等方面综述了热离子转换技术的发展现状、存在的问题及发展趋势。  相似文献   

7.
正随着航天技术的不断发展,世界各航天大国均加快了远距离航天任务的规划与部署,这些航天任务航行距离远、持续时间长,所处空间环境恶劣,需要使用空间核动力供电系统。空间核动力斯特林电源系统是一种采用动态斯特林热电能量转换技术的核动力电源系统,主要由核热源、活塞式斯特林发电器和控制器等部件组成,具有长寿命、高功率、高热电转换效率、组合方式灵活等优点,在深空探测、星表登陆等航天任务的供电需求中具有较高的发展潜力和竞争力。目前,仅美国开展过大量的空间核动力斯特林电源系统的设计与技术研究工作,其最早的研发工作可追溯到20世纪70年代,已取得大量的阶段性成果。  相似文献   

8.
瞬态平面热源法作为一种非稳态热物理性能测试技术,其测量范围、测量准确度和试验参数的确定是正确评价和应用这种测试技术的前提条件。详细介绍了瞬态平面热源法的测量原理以及常温下的测量装置,描述了采用Pyroceram 9606热物理性能标准材料研究瞬态平面热源法在实际测试中各种试验参数对测量准确度的影响,并由此考察这种测试方法和测试装置的测量准确度。  相似文献   

9.
同位素热源高温-冲击复合环境试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
为了考察深空探测器同位素热源模拟样品在高温–冲击复合环境下的环境可靠性,研制了一套高温–冲击复合环境试验装置。该装置由温度加载系统、冲击试验系统、带有热防护功能的夹具和控制系统等组成。该装置可完成室温约500℃热载荷加载。利用该试验装置对同位素热源模拟样品进行了500℃、5 000次的高温–冲击复合环境试验考核,获得了产品温升响应曲线、冲击波形图等相关试验信息。试验结果表明该试验装置能够进行高温–冲击复合环境试验。  相似文献   

10.
空间核反应堆电源技术概览   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
空间核反应堆电源具有环境适应性好、功率覆盖范围广、结构紧凑以及大功率条件下质量功率比小等突出优点,在军民航天任务中具有广阔的应用前景,是改变未来航天动力格局的颠覆性技术之一。对空间核反应堆电源的原理、特点、适用范围、应用前景、历史发展情况及现状、典型方案、应用安全等进行了系统介绍,对技术发展趋势进行了分析总结,并就我国该技术发展给出一些见解。  相似文献   

11.
钚-238同位素电源(钚-238 RTG)能够在恶劣环境下长时间自持运行,供电的同时还能提供热能,是深空探测任务的理想能源。首先对温差型钚-238 RTG发电原理和基本结构进行了阐述,介绍了国内外钚-238 RTG应用历史和发展趋势,进而梳理出了钚-238 RTG研制关键技术,然后结合国外钚-238 RTG研制技术状况及未来深空探测需求,对上述关键技术进行了分析和讨论,从而可为我国钚-238 RTG技术发展及其工程应用提供参考。  相似文献   

12.
Societal and non-scientific factors represent potentially significant impediments for future Mars missions, especially in areas involving planetary protection. This paper analyzes public concerns about forward contamination to Mars and back contamination to Earth, evaluates major areas where lack of information may lead to uncontrollable impacts on future missions, and concludes that NASA should adopt a strategy that actively plans both the generation and subsequent management of planetary protection information to ensure that key audiences obtain needed information in a timely manner. Delay or avoidance in dealing with societal issues early in mission planning will increase the likelihood of public opposition, cost increases and missed launch windows. While this analysis of social and non-scientific considerations focuses on future Mars missions, the findings are also relevant for RTG launches, nuclear propulsion and other NASA activities perceived to have health, safety or environmental implications.  相似文献   

13.
As the role of missions and experiments carried out in outer space becomes more and more essential in our understanding of many earthly problems, such as resource management, environmental problems, and disaster management, as well as space science questions, thanks to their lower cost and faster development process CubeSats can benefit humanity and therefore, young scientists and engineers have been motivated to research and develop new CubeSat missions. Not very long after their inception, CubeSats have evolved to become accepted platforms for scientific and commercial applications. The last couple of years showed that they are a feasible tool for conducting scientific experiments, not only in the Earth orbit but also in the interplanetary space. For many countries, a CubeSat mission could prompt the community and young teams around the world to build the national capacity to launch and operate national space missions. This paper presents an overview of the key scientific and engineering gateways opened up to the younger scientific community by the advent and adaptation of new technology into CubeSat missions. The role of cooperation and the opportunities for capacity-building and education are also explored. Thus, the present article also aims to provide useful recommendations to scientists, early-career researchers, engineers, students, and anyone who intends to explore the potential and opportunities offered by CubeSats and CubeSats-based missions.   相似文献   

14.
The ability to extract and process resources at the site of exploration into useful products such as propellants, life support and power system consumables, and radiation and rocket exhaust plume debris shielding, known as In-Situ Resource Utilization or ISRU, has the potential to significantly reduce the launch mass, risk, and cost of robotic and human exploration of space. The incorporation of ISRU into missions can also significantly influence technology selection and system development in other areas such as power, life support, and propulsion. For example, the ability to extract or produce large amounts of oxygen and/or water in-situ could minimize the need to completely close life support air and water processing system cycles, change thermal and radiation protection of habitats, and influence propellant selection for ascent vehicles and surface propulsive hoppers. While concepts and even laboratory work on evaluating and developing ISRU techniques such as oxygen extraction from lunar regolith have been going on since before the Apollo 11 Moon landing, no ISRU system has ever flown in space, and only recently have ISRU technologies been developed at a scale and at a system level that is relevant to actual robotic and human mission applications. Because ISRU hardware and systems have never been demonstrated or utilized before on robotic or human missions, architecture and mission planners and surface system hardware developers are hesitant to rely on ISRU products and services that are critical to mission and system implementation success. To build confidence in ISRU systems for future missions and assess how ISRU systems can best influence and integrate with other surface system elements, NASA, with international partners, are performing analog field tests to understand how to take advantage of ISRU capabilities and benefits with the minimum of risk associated with introducing this game-changing approach to exploration. This paper will describe and review the results of four analog field tests (Moses Lake in 6/08, Mauna Kea in 11/08, Flagstaff in 9/09, and Mauna Kea in 1/10) that have begun the process of integrating ISRU into robotic and human exploration systems and missions, and propose future ISRU-related analog field test activities that can be performed in collaboration with non-US space agencies.  相似文献   

15.
ESA technology reference studies are used as a process to identify key technologies and technical challenges of potential future missions not yet in the science programme. This paper reports on the study of the Fundamental Physics Explorer (FPE), a re-usable platform targeted to small missions testing fundamental laws of physics in space. The study addresses three specific areas of interest: special and general relativity tests based on atomic clocks, experiments on the Weak Equivalence Principle (WEP), and studies of Bose–Einstein condensates under microgravity conditions. Starting from preliminary science objectives and payload requirements, three reference missions in the small/medium class range are discussed, based on a re-adaptation of the LISA Pathfinder spacecraft. A 700/3600 km elliptic orbit has been selected to conduct clock tests of special and general relativity, a 700 km circular orbit to perform experiments on the Weak Equivalence Principle and to study Bose–Einstein condensates, each mission being based on a three-axis stabilised spacecraft. It was determined that adaptation of LISA Pathfinder would be required in order to meet the demands of the FPE missions. Moreover it was established that specific payload and spacecraft technology development would be required to realise such a programme.  相似文献   

16.
随着空间探测任务的多样化和复杂化,利用单个航天器的多舱段实现多任务、多目标探测已成为航天技术的发展趋势。通常情况下,舱段分离信号将触发航天器的后续自主控制,直接影响航天器的自身安全和后续任务执行。本文从保证分离信号可靠和分离过程安全的角度提出了一种典型的分离信号配置与通用的分离信号触发控制逻辑,并建立了航天器在轨分离安全性数学模型。该模型和逻辑控制方法经过仿真分析和实际在轨飞行任务验证,确认了方法的可行性和正确性,可以作为后续航天任务的参考。  相似文献   

17.
The establishment of an autonomous European manned space capability is an objective set up by the ESA Council Meeting at the ministerial level, in 1985/1987. ESA's Long-Term Programme Office (LTPO), charged of the preparation of the programme for a European Manned Space Infrastructure (EMSI), started during 1988 to build up an intellectual framework in the domain of long-duration manned space missions. EMSI scope was eventually extended to embrace Moon/Mars missions and bases. Several exploratory studies on problems related to human factors in long-duration space missions were initiated by LTPO. The work of an ad-hoc group of experts (SIMIS Group) has been focused during 1989/1990 on the planning for simulation of such missions with a broad mandate, covering the physiological, psychological and operational aspects of long-duration exposure to microgravity and isolation/confinement. Preliminary results of SIMIS activities are reported. The HYDREMSI experiment, carried out in a terrestrial, analogous environment for 72 days during 1989, is described as an example of the envisaged simulations.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号