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1.
月球原位资源利用技术研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
正月球上含有丰富的能源和矿产资源,太阳能和氦-3等都是地球能源之外的重要补充与额外储备,如能解决月球原位资源的开发与利用技术,则月球对于人类而言,就是一个几乎取之不尽、用之不竭的能源宝库,同时也能够为人类后续建造载人月球基地奠定基础。1引言绕月探测、落月探测、采样返回是人类开展月球探测的初级阶段,自1969年阿波罗-11(Apollo-11)  相似文献   

2.
先进电源技术是保障深空探测任务顺利进行的前提和基础。在梳理我国后续深空探测任务(月球极区探测、小天体探测、火星探测、木星探测等)对电源系统需求的基础上,对涉及空间应用的电源技术(化学能、太阳能、同位素及空间核反应堆电源)进行概述;针对深空探测对电源系统的需求特点,分别阐述了锂离子蓄电池、太阳能电源、钚-238放射性同位素电源和空间堆核反应电源的特点、发展简史、在深空探测中应用限制及发展建议,重点分析了钚-238同位素电源和空间核反应堆电源技术的关键技术、应用情况及应用前景,为深空探测先进电源技术的长足发展提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
月球基地建设方案设想   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
随着月球探测的深入发展,国内外众多月球探测方案和月球开发计划均将月球基地建设作为一个重要目标。月球基地建设将服务于后续无人月球探测和载人登月探测任务。通过月球基地的功能和意义分析,对月球基地的选址约束、建设步骤和实施过程提出了初步构想,并针对典型的探测站/器进行了分析。在此基础上,根据我国运载能力,提出了月球基地方案构想,并对月球基地建设的若干关键问题进行了初步探讨,可为后续月球基地建设提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
俄罗斯计划在2015年之后建造机器人月球基地。该基地将由一个太阳能站、多个用于无线电通信和科学实验的着陆器站、一辆远程研究漫游车、一个着陆及发射区域及一颗月球探测轨道器组成。其前期4项任务分别包括2项“月球-水珠”任务和2项Luna-Orount任务。机器人月球基地将在这4项任务之后建造。  相似文献   

5.
核动力深空探测器现状及发展研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
深空探测中,由于无法使用太阳能或者太阳能的利用效率太低,需要使用空间核电源。当前用于月球表面、火星表面、木星及以远的飞行任务中的核动力深空探测器,均利用的同位素核源衰变能,包括同位素热源用于温度控制和采用温差发电用于供电。研究中的深空探测核动力应用包括月球基地、载人火星飞行、无人探测、使用核反应堆裂变能等。空间裂变电源的反应堆包括液态金属冷却堆和气冷堆两种方式,前者支持温差、斯特林和布雷顿发电,后者支持布雷顿和磁流体发电。近期开始探索研究核聚变深空探测器。纵观核动力深空探测器的发展历程,同位素电源依然在深空探测中发挥着重要作用,大功率空间核电源结合电推进将成为未来深空探测的重要关注方向。  相似文献   

6.
月球离地球最近,所以是人类开展空间探测的首选目标。它具有可供人类开发和利用的各种资源、能源和特殊环境;是诸多基础学科观测和研究的基地;是研制和生产特殊材料与生物制品的理想场所;也是人类向外层空间发展的理想基地和前哨站。  相似文献   

7.
水冰作为月球的重要资源,是未来月球科研站以及月球基地建设和运行的基本保障,开展月球水冰资源综合开发技术研究是目前各航天大国的关注热点之一。本文调研了有关月球水冰的探测和研究成果,阐述了月球水冰的赋存状态与分布特征,详细分析了月球水冰资源在开采提取、分离纯化、储存运输和分解利用等环节的技术方案,并简要评述了各个方案的优缺点。结合中国未来国际月球科研站的建设规划与美国以建立月球基地为目标的阿尔忒弥斯(Artemis)计划,评价分析了适宜开展月球水冰资源综合开发的地区和可行的技术方案,为中国在月球两极地区的水冰资源开发利用方案提供参考。  相似文献   

8.
月球极区水冰资源开发利用是月球基地建设和可持续性运行的重要支撑技术之一。在对月球南极永久阴影区的工作地点进行选址的基础上,调研了国内外月球极区水冰资源开发利用计划、实施方案和发展趋势。提出了一种可持续性月球极区含冰月壤水资源提取利用方案,由移动式基地载具、原位钻取机器人和可移动式反射镜组三部分组成,具有灵活布置以持续性开采阴影坑内水冰资源的能力。对所设计方案的物质流和能量流进行了计算建模,并进行了程序化分析。计算结果表明,通过提升太阳能传递效率、光电转换效率、热提取加热效率和水电解效率,初始水冰质量含量高于5.0%,可以显著减少系统任务的总能耗。方案设计与分析结果可为中国月球基地任务提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
建设月球基地是人类探测、开发和殖民外太空的第一步,也是最重要的一步。设计了一种新型的展开式月球基地方案,由空间可展开桁架结构与柔性热防护层合薄膜组成。设计了可展开桁架结构的9组拓扑方案和层合薄膜的7组设计方案,进行结构设计方案和强度、刚度与稳态热分析,确定最优的设计方案。针对展开式月球基地的最优设计方案,分析了整体结构性能,包括静力分析、模态分析及3种工况下的稳态热分析。分析结果表明:所设计的最优方案具有较好的结构力学性能和热防护性能,为月球基地的方案选型、结构设计与热防护系统设计提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

10.
据日本《每日新闻》报道.日本计划在未来20年内着手在月球上建设一座有人基地,并研制一种载人航天飞机。报道说.日本宇宙航空研究开发机构正在制订规划,以在2015年前研制一种能在月球上开展探测活动的机器人,然后在2025年前开始在那里建设一座太阳能有人研究基地.并设计一种类似于美国航天飞机的可重复使用载入航天飞行器。  相似文献   

11.
Recently, space organizations have considered the Moon to host lunar bases. Such bases require power and energy to function. However, the efficient and safe use of the energy resources on the Moon is a huge challenge. Space photovoltaic (PV) power systems are appealing technologies due to their maturity and high solar energy availability at some locations on the Moon. The effectiveness of these PV systems depends on their selenographic location, which might necessitate the deployment of energy storage technologies to cover the base’s energy demand. Some analysts have proposed the installation of PV modules on kilometers-tall towers near the lunar poles to harvest more solar energy and limit the need for energy storage systems (ESSs). Alternatively, this paper proposes to harvest the energy from multiple sites in the lunar South Pole region using a novel technique to compute the Sun illumination profile and the LOLA topographic databases to compute the terrain elevations. The proposed algorithm seeks the most optimal configuration of sites and tower heights to minimize the longest night period and total distance between the sites. This study assesses groups of 1 to 6 sites assuming the use of towers having heights of 10, 100, and 500 [m]. The time horizon for the analysis is one Axial Precession Cycle, which is approximately 18.6 years. According to the results, a system of two sites with a separation of 42.05 [km] and towers of 500 [m] height has a maximum darkness period of only 3 [h] while another solution proposes a system of three sites with towers of 10 [m] that removes the need of EES (solar eclipse periods by the Earth are not considered). The proposed technique is suitable for engineering applications, such as base planning and operation management.  相似文献   

12.
未来的月球着陆任务将着力于开发月球资源、建立月球基地,这些都离不开月球软着陆技术的支持;而要实现探测器在预选点安全精确地着陆,就离不开动力下降制导控制技术的支持。本文系统地总结了两种成功的月球软着陆及其制导方式,对已有的制导控制方案及其研究进展进行了详细的阐述和对比分析。以未来的月球采样返回和月球基地任务为潜在工程目标,对下一代的月球软着陆动力下降的制导控制及其所涉及的关键科学技术问题进行了比较全面的分析和展望。  相似文献   

13.
太阳电池阵极月轨道在轨热分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
以极月轨道上太阳电池阵作为研究对象,详细分析了该轨道上电池阵所得各外热流的确定方法.以此为基础,对太阳电池阵进行在轨温度数值模拟,得到月球轨道上电池阵所得外热流以及温度的周期分布.计算结果与地球卫星的相应数据进行比较,明确了月球轨道上电池阵所得外热流以及温度的周期分布特点,为月球卫星上太阳电池阵以及整个卫星的设计提供了有利的数据参考.  相似文献   

14.
An increasing number of lunar base construction programs are in the process of developing lunar resources such as helium 3. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the temperature and humidity control system, which will allow man to live and work on the moon while developing lunar resources. The results of thermal load calculation show that the load of electric lighting is a 80 to 90% of the cooling load in the habitat module and that only the cooling function is required for temperature control. Due to this, a fluorocarbon refrigerant heat pump system was selected to satisfy reliability, energy consumption, size and weight requirements for the lunar base equipment. According to the load calculation, occupants will feel discomfort due to radiant heat from lighting fixtures. To resolve this problem, an air conditioning system, used in combination with forced convective cooling and panel cooling on the ceiling, was adopted in the living space. Moreover, the experiment on the ground was carried out to evaluate the effects of panel cooling.  相似文献   

15.
从1958年启动月球探测活动至今,经过几十年的发展,人类在深空探测领域取得重大成果。本文首先介绍地内行星、地外行星与登陆探测等领域探测器用太阳电池阵技术的应用情况,同时结合地内行星探测、地外行星探测与登陆探测任务所面临的不同空间环境特点对航天器太阳电池阵进行关键技术分析,梳理深空探测任务对太阳电池阵不同的技术需求及其所需解决的关键问题,从中得出未来深空探测太阳电池阵技术的趋势是将向更高效率太阳电池阵、环境自适应技术、高重量比功率、高体积比功率的方向发展。  相似文献   

16.
The Radio Observatory on the Lunar Surface for Solar studies (ROLSS) is a concept for a near-side low radio frequency imaging interferometric array designed to study particle acceleration at the Sun and in the inner heliosphere. The prime science mission is to image the radio emission generated by Type II and III solar radio burst processes with the aim of determining the sites at and mechanisms by which the radiating particles are accelerated. Specific questions to be addressed include the following: (1) Isolating the sites of electron acceleration responsible for Type II and III solar radio bursts during coronal mass ejections (CMEs); and (2) Determining if and the mechanism(s) by which multiple, successive CMEs produce unusually efficient particle acceleration and intense radio emission. Secondary science goals include constraining the density of the lunar ionosphere by searching for a low radio frequency cutoff to solar radio emission and constraining the low energy electron population in astrophysical sources. Key design requirements on ROLSS include the operational frequency and angular resolution. The electron densities in the solar corona and inner heliosphere are such that the relevant emission occurs at frequencies below 10 MHz. Second, resolving the potential sites of particle acceleration requires an instrument with an angular resolution of at least 2°, equivalent to a linear array size of approximately 1000 m. Operations would consist of data acquisition during the lunar day, with regular data downlinks. No operations would occur during lunar night.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of this study was to establish, on a first principles basis, the order of magnitude of energy requirements for a thermally processed, lunar regolith radiation shield constructed using an in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU) approach. This was done by developing a reference scenario habitat and using thermodynamic relationships and specific heat capacity expressions to determine the energy required to bring such a regolith volume up to sintering temperatures (c. 1,375 K). Once the energy requirements were developed some power system architectures were outlined conceptually and a nuclear power plant of c. 400 kW was suggested as a means to supply the necessary energy. This is well beyond current space nuclear applications. The study concludes that it is likely that the most efficient near-term solution is chemical processing of regolith, from an energy requirements perspective. The technology is also more mature and likely to be delivered on near term projects as it does not require such scaled-up power system architectures. Alternatively, bringing storm shelters up with the habitat to provide a means of weathering major solar events, and adding additional radiation protection to habitat quarters, possibly through a water blanket or similar mechanism, could provide a non-ISRU solution with current technology. However, in the longer term, the development of MW-scale power system architectures (fission, solar etc.), may permit a very large volume of material to be processed thermally for construction material, making a large, permanent human presence on the Moon more easily realisable.  相似文献   

18.
月球中继通信卫星系统发展综述与展望   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3  
张立华  吴伟仁 《深空探测学报》2018,5(6):497-505,568
中继通信是一些月球探测任务中必须解决的关键问题,特别是月球背面和两极地区的着陆和巡视探测任务以及载人登月任务。对国内外月球中继通信卫星的研究和发展情况进行了综述,在对月球中继通信任务需求分析的基础上,从中继通信体制选择、轨道选择等方面对月球中继通信任务的实现途径进行了分析,并对月球中继通信技术的未来发展进行了展望。  相似文献   

19.
针对环月轨道(Low Lunar Orbit,LLO)共面交会支持的"人货分离"载人登月任务,提出了一种任务窗口与轨道一体化规划方法。分析了基于LLO共面交会的"人货分离"载人登月任务的基本流程和工程约束;针对任务各阶段窗口与轨道求解问题,提出了以动力下降时刻为迭代初值的窗口规划策略,并建立了高精度模型下的环月轨道、双二体模型下的人员和货物运输轨道规划模型。以载人月球探测中国科学家命名的环形山为假想背景,给出仿真实例,仿真结果验证了文章所提方法的正确性,为探月工程任务提供了一种有效的窗口与轨道设计工具。  相似文献   

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