最坏风模型及对飞机突防航迹跟踪的影响

针对一类非线性动力学系统,本文推导出二次型性能指标下的微分对策解,由此得到一组含有非线性因素的最环风模型,这一模型特别适用于研究作空间机动飞行的飞机受外界环境扰动的灵敏性问题。最后考察了这一变化风场对飞机突防航迹非线性解耦跟踪的影响。     

飞机突防飞行非线性解耦控制系统的混合仿真研究

飞机低空突防作地形跟踪／回避飞行时，会出现纵向和横向运动的非线性交叉耦合，利用非疆性逆系统理论和现代最优控制理论可以设计一个飞行控制规律来解开这些耦合，主要讨论了这种线性解耦控制系统的混合仿真，给了用于仿真的数学模型以及仿真方法，对系统有无大气紊流扰动的解耦控制、系统对指令输入的跟踪、飞行品质等方面进行了探讨。结果表明，该控制规律在有无大气紊流影响时都能实现解耦，准确地跟踪期望的三维突防航迹，并具     

无人直升机LPV控制律设计

针对无人直升机航迹控制要求,提出一种基于线性变参数(LPV)控制理论的无人直升机一体化式飞行控制律设计方法,通过速度、侧滑角、高度和偏航角控制通道的显模型跟踪控制,实现无人直升机航迹控制。建立了无人直升机高阶非线性动力学模型,模型中考虑了旋翼桨叶挥舞和摆振运动、旋翼动态入流、机体运动之间的运动耦合,用于检验直升机高阶运动特性对控制律性能和闭环系统稳定性的影响。由于无人直升机的非线性动力学模型是典型的周期性系统,基于简谐平衡方法进行无人直升机的配平和模型线性化计算,在速度包线内得到用于控制律设计的无人直升机LPV模型,通过凸函数优化方法求解LPV控制律的参数。基于典型直升机机动,采用数值仿真方法对LPV控制律在传感器噪声影响下的控制性能进行检验,仿真结果表明：LPV控制律在速度包线内具有良好的控制性能和鲁棒性,无人直升机闭环系统在机动飞行中满足给定的性能要求。     

基于backstepping/RHO的变体飞机控制器设计

为了确保变体飞机在变体过程中的飞行稳定性,提出了一种并行修正控制器设计方案.采用backstepping方法进行标称控制器设计,提供基本的飞行稳定性和跟踪性能.使用雅可比线性化方法对变体飞机非线性方程进行线性化得到线性化模型,采用基于指令滤波器的滚动时域优化（RHO,Receding Horizon Optimal）方法进行修正控制器设计.在有限时域区间内实时解算修正控制量,对标称控制器进行补偿.从航迹角控制系统仿真结果可以看出,航迹角能够较好地跟踪指令信号,基本不受变体过程的影响,飞行控制系统满足实时性和鲁棒性的要求.     

复杂地形上空超低空风场的工程仿真方法

为描述飞机在低空突防时的外部环境,用多重山脉和多种地貌设计构造了飞机超低空飞行时的复杂地形,同时,基于位势流动理论建立了复杂地形及其上空风场的工程化仿真模型,并进行了算例仿真和分析.该方法可以满足分析飞机做超低空飞行的动力学特性的需要.     

结冰条件下的飞行控制律重构设计方法

针对飞机结冰条件下的飞行安全问题,在线性结冰影响模型的基础上构建了非线性结冰影响模型,并建立了结冰飞机纵向非线性动力学模型。利用反馈线性化理论与模糊控制原理相结合,重构设计了结冰条件下的纵向控制律,既保证了动态响应特性,又改善了控制器的抗干扰能力,使飞机具备一定的容冰飞行能力。通过仿真模拟了飞机在不同结冰严重程度以及干扰下的纵向响应,并与常规PID控制进行对比,验证了设计控制律的有效性和抗干扰能力。结果表明,该设计方案下的各状态参数动态响应均能较快较好地收敛,能更精准快速地跟踪俯仰角指令,且抗干扰能力、动态性能均优于常规PID控制。      

基于任务评定的战斗机大迎角飞行控制律设计方法

针对现代战斗机大迎角机动的飞行控制设计问题,在角速率指令非线性动态逆控制律基础上,引入表征期望飞行品质的理想参考模型,构成了模型参考动态逆飞行控制律,并借助基于任务的飞行品质评定方法完成了控制参数的整定,从而实现了对飞机大迎角机动的控制.对设计结果进行了时域和频域仿真,并使用基于任务的飞行品质评定方法对闭环系统的飞行品质进行了评定,验证了控制律设计的有效性.通过不同任务下评定结果的对比,说明了这一方法在揭示飞机大迎角飞行品质特性和特定任务对飞行控制律的特殊要求这两方面的优越性,可用于战斗机大迎角机动的非线性飞行控制律设计与飞行品质的评定.      

超机动飞机的非线性飞行控制研究

介绍了应用非线性动态逆理论进行战斗机过失速机动条件下飞行控制律设计的具体过程,首先根据奇异摄动理论将受控状态变量分为快变量和慢变量两个层次,快变量为三个角速率,慢变量为迎角、侧滑角和速度滚转角,然后根据非线性动态逆理论分别对内环和外环进行设计,其中外环控制器的输出作为内环控制器的输入指令.最后对所设计的飞行控制律利用过失速机动仿真来加以验证,结果表明本文设计的飞行控制律完全能够在过失速机动条件下控制飞机跟踪指令飞行.     

基于舵面配平的飞机续航飞行航迹优化方法

舵面偏转除了能够提供保证飞机稳定飞行的配平力矩,还将改变飞机的升阻比,从而影响其续航性能。在基于飞机质点假设的传统航迹优化方法的基础上,研究了飞机的升阻特性对其续航性能的影响:在上升段、巡航段及下降段前期增大升阻比,在下降段后期减小升阻比,有利于提高飞机的续航性能;提出了基于舵面配平的续航飞行航迹优化方法,以获得更接近于发挥飞机实际潜力的最优航迹与最大航程。对于多操纵面布局飞机,通过该方法能够确定其最优舵面组合配平规律。算例飞机的优化结果表明:相比单一舵面配平,最优舵面组合配平能够使算例飞机的总航程最大提高7.5%。      

基于光学信息的导弹低空突防导引策略

为增加巡航导弹低空突防的概率,在离线规划好航迹后,要保证导弹以最小偏差沿航迹飞行.通过仿真发现,传统的角指令法存在航路点切换时导弹过载超过指标要求,导弹越过障碍物时有较大的过顶时间的问题.为解决这一问题,提出了一种导弹纵向和横侧向的航路导引方法和指令生成方法,并以某型导弹低空突防为例,设计了飞行控制律.通过地形跟随六自由度仿真,比较了两种航路导引方法对地形跟随性能的影响.仿真结果都表明:采用这种纵向和横侧向航路导引方法和指令生成方法以后,该型导弹的地形跟随飞行性能得到了明显提高.      

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.