带电粒子在中性线磁场中运动的解析轨道

本文我们计算了带电粒子在中性线磁场中运动的解析轨道。其结果是:(1)带电粒子在中性片磁场中的运动是粒子在中性线磁场或在具有北向分量的中性片磁场中的第一级近似形式。(2)带电粒子在中性片磁场中的解析轨道的第三级近似形式与电子计算机计算的数值轨道基本相同。它们仅仅在小扰动区与非小扰动区的交界线上出现一些偏差。(3)带电粒子在整个中性片磁场的运动可以分成三种形式。粒子一方面在垂直于磁场的平面上作闭合的周期性轨道运动, 同时闭合轨道的中心还沿着垂直于磁场平行于中性线方向漂移。另一方面粒子还沿磁力线方向做等速运动。(4)在小扰动区中粒子的闭合轨道是一个圆轨道, 但在非小扰动区中却是一个“8”字形轨道, 其漂移速度与小扰动区漂移方向相反, 其大小也比小扰动区漂移大很多。以上结果本文都给出一个完整的解析形式。      

三维试验粒子轨道法在磁层粒子全球输运中的应用

根据磁层粒子动力学理论, 通过偶极磁场模型验证利用三维试验粒子轨道方法模拟近地球区(r < 8R_e)带电粒子运动特征的可靠性. 在此基础上, 以太阳风和磁层相互作用的全球MHD模拟结果为背景, 利用三维试验粒子轨道方法, 对非磁暴期间南向行星际磁场背景下太阳风离子注入磁层的情形进行数值模拟, 并对北向行星际磁场背景下太阳风离子注入极尖区以及内磁层的几种不同情形进行了单粒子模拟. 模拟结果反映了南向和北向行星际磁场离子向磁层的几种典型输入过程, 揭示出行星际磁场南向时太阳风粒子在磁层内密度分布的晨昏不对称性以及其在磁鞘和磁层内的大致分布, 并得出统计规律. 模拟结果与理论预测和观测结论相一致, 且通过数值模拟发现, 行星际磁场北向时靠近极尖区附近形成的非典型磁镜结构对于能量粒子经由极尖区注入环电流区域过程有重要的影响和作用.      

有限β等离子体中密度和磁场不均匀驱动的动理学Alfven波

在分析有限β等离子体中的密度、磁场不均匀引起的漂移波不稳定性的基础上，剖析了漂移波不稳定性对动理学Alfven波激发的作用．动理学理论能正确地处理有限拉莫半径效应和波粒共振相互作用，本文根据带电粒子在电磁场中的运动特性，采用Vlasov方程描述离子运动，运用漂移动理学方程对电子运动进行描述．密度不均匀和磁场不均匀对产生漂移不稳定性的对比分析表明：在有限β等离子体中，密度不均匀比磁场不均匀更易激发漂移不稳定性，且密度不均匀激发漂移不稳定性中的能量转换和转移更为强烈．这种能量的转换为动理学Alfven波的激发提供了物理基础．所得数值解表明：动理学Alfven波在磁层中能广泛地被激发产生，特别是在磁层空间的极尖区、磁层顶和等离子体片边界层等具有明显的不均匀性区域中更容易被激发产生．本文的研究结果进一步表明动理学Alfven波对磁层空间中能量传输具有重要作用．     

几种材料的磁层亚暴环模试验

<正> 一、引言星际空间存在运动着的带电粒子。当太阳风粒子到达地球磁层顶且随着太阳风粒子而来的星际磁场,指向地磁南极时,太阳风中的感应电流产生的附加场使地磁场发生畸变。迎着太阳的一面较为扁平,而背着太阳的一面形成一个很长的磁尾。在磁尾区,太阳风粒子的注入(它们的能量为几十电子伏到几千电子伏)引起了高能粒子的大量增加。这些高能粒子在     

磁扰期间的三维漂移壳分离

基于磁层粒子动力学理论,首先对比了计算漂移壳分离的引导中心法和磁力线追踪法,计算表明两种方法的计算结果一致.然后分别采用T89c和T96磁层磁场模式,用磁力线追踪法数值计算了不同初始位置(≤9Re)、不同初始投掷角、不同Kp指数和不同太阳风压力下,带电粒子的漂移壳分离.计算结果揭示了漂移壳分离随初始位置、投掷角、Kp指数和太阳风压力的变化.其具体特征如下. (1)随着径向距离的增大,漂移壳分离效应愈加显著,由正午出发的粒子将被稳定捕获,而午夜出发的径向距离≥7Re的部分大投掷角粒子将沿磁层顶逃逸. (2)正午出发的粒子,漂移到午夜时其漂移壳随投掷角减小向外排列;午夜出发的粒子,漂移到正午时其漂移壳随投掷角增大排列; 90°投掷角粒子在磁赤道面的漂移壳沿着磁场等值线排列. (3)漂移壳分离随Kp指数和太阳风压力增大变得显著,且随这两种扰动参数的变化特征和趋势是基本相似的.      

存在初始引导场情况下的无碰撞磁场重联

采用二维三分量的全粒子模拟方法研究了不同初始引导场情况下的无碰撞磁场重联及初态为一维的Harris电流片.结果表明,Bz0＞0.5B0的强引导场不仅会显著改变粒子的运动轨迹,而且会改变重联区附近的电场和流场结构,从而影响重联率和电子加速.运用广义欧姆定律解释了不同引导场下电场的结构特征.另外,通过对扩散区附近束流电子的跟踪研究发现,在二维模型中,不论引导场强弱,位于扩散区中心垂直模拟平面的感应电场对电子加速起主要作用,而扩散区外平面电场的贡献很小.      

利用粒子运动讨论等离子体电流片

本文我们利用了带电粒子在中性片磁场中的运动规律,讨论了一维等离子体电流片。我们引用了与阿尔芬的引导中心理论相类似的方法,将粒子在非小扰动区(在这个区内磁场很小或等于零)内的"8"字形运动分解成两个圆周运动。每一个圆周运动等效于一个小磁铁,因此"8"字形运动等效于两个极性相反的小磁铁。等离子体中的电流是根据j=en+c(这里有图片19820103-21-1.GIF)×M计算出来的,其中等离子体的分布函数是由粒子的运动常数给出的。计算结果表明电流片主要是由粒子在非小扰动区中的"反向漂移"产生的。与此同时我们还讨论了粒子运动与磁场之间的关系,并计算了其自洽场。      

用数值模拟的方法研究磁暴主相期间影响环电流分布特征的要素

环电流是距离地心2～7 Re的带电粒子围绕地球西向漂移形成的.环电流的增强将引起全球磁场的降低,反映了地磁暴的强度.磁暴主相期间,对流电场驱动等离子体片中的能量粒子经历E×B漂移与俘获注入环电流,进入损失锥的粒子沉降到大气中.本文采用磁暴主相期间环电流离子分布的模型,结合上述因素研究不同离子能量下对流电场对环电流离子通量的直接影响,以及强弱对流电场下环电流能量离子投掷角的变化,并从物理上阐述造成此种通量分布特性的原因.      

垂直激波条件下能量粒子加速机制的模拟研究

在具有湍动的磁场和垂直激波条件下对大量测试粒子的轨迹进行了数值计算,研究了激波强度和粒子初始能量对于粒子穿越激波的平均能量变化的影响,分析了漂移加速(SDA)在不同条件下对粒子加速的贡献,并给出了一个与数值结果相符合的漂移加速理论公式△E=amvivup(1-1/s).结果表明,加入磁场湍流后,垂直激波条件下粒子仍主要受到漂移加速作用,而基于粒子引导中心的耗散漂移加速理论在此条件下失效.      

基于嫦娥一号高能粒子数据的地球磁层屏蔽效应研究

月球绕地球运行轨道约有1/4位于地球磁层内,因此,地球磁层是否会为月球轨道附近高能粒子提供足够的磁场屏蔽对于探索月球活动具有重要影响.嫦娥一号是中国首颗绕月人造卫星,其绕月飞行的工作轨道距离月球表面200 km.通过对嫦娥一号高能粒子探测器(HPD)的探测数据进行分析,比较了当月球位于地球磁层内外6个不同能道(能量范围4～400 MeV)时质子通量的变化,发现当月球位于地球磁层内时,这些能道的质子通量并没有发生显著减少,结果表明地球磁层不能为月球轨道附近高能粒子提供显著的磁屏蔽.     

Simulation study of motion of charged particles trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere

This article aims to understand the motion of the charged particles trapped in the Earth’s inner magnetosphere. The emphasis is on identifying the numerical scheme, which is appropriate to characterize the trajectories of the charged particles of different energies that enter the Earth’s magnetosphere and get trap along the magnetic field lines. These particles perform three different periodic motions, namely: gyration, bounce, and azimuthal drift. However, often, the gyration of the particle is ignored, and only the guiding center of the particle is traced to reduce the computational time. It is because the simulation of all three motions (gyro, bounce, and drift) together needed a robust numerical scheme, which has less numerical dissipation. We have developed a three-dimensional test particle simulation model in which the relativistic equation of motion is solved numerically using the fourth and sixth-order Runge-Kutta methods. The stability of the simulation model is verified by checking the conservation of total kinetic energy and adiabatic invariants linked with each type of motion. We found that the sixth-order Runge-Kutta method is suitable to trace the complete trajectories of both proton and electron of a wide energy range, 5 keV to 250 MeV for L = 2 – 6. We have estimated the bounce and drift periods from the simulations, and they are found to be in good agreement with the theory. The study implies that a simulation model with sixth-order Runge-Kutta method can be applied to the time-vary, non-analytical form of magnetic configuration in future studies to understand the dynamics of charged particles trapped in Earth’s magnetosphere.     

Acceleration of charged particles by fluctuating and steady electric fields in a X-type magnetic field

Release of stored magnetic energy via particle acceleration is a characteristic feature of astrophysical plasmas. Magnetic reconnection is one of the mechanisms for releasing energy from magnetized plasmas. Collisionless magnetic reconnection could provide both the energy release mechanism and the particle accelerator in space plasmas. Here we studied particle acceleration when fluctuating (in-time) electric fields are superposed on an static X-type magnetic field in collisionless hot solar plasma. This system is chosen to mimic the reconnective dissipation of a linear MHD disturbance. Our results are compared to particle acceleration from constant electric field superposed on an X-type magnetic field. The constant electric field configuration represents the effects of steady state magnetic reconnection. Time evolution of ion and electron distributions are obtained by numerically integrating particle trajectories. The frequencies of the electric field represent a turbulent range of waves. Depending on the frequency and amplitude of the electric field, electrons and ions are accelerated to different degrees and have energy distributions of bimodal form consisting of a lower energy part and a high energy tail. For frequencies (ω in dimensioless units) in the range 0.5 ? ω ? 1.0 a substantial fraction (20%–30%) of the proton distribution is accelerated to gamma-ray producing energies. For frequencies in the range 1 ? ω ? 100.0 the bulk of the electron distribution is accelerated to hard X-ray producing energies. The acceleration mechanism is important for solar flares and solar noise storms but it could be applicable to all collisionless astrophysical plasmas.     

强磁暴、能量粒子暴与热层大气密度涨落之间的相关关系

利用1997-2007年由GOES8, GOES11和GOES12星载高能粒子探测器在地球同步轨道高度上所探测到的高能质子和高能电子通量探测数据以及高度560km左右星载大气密度探测器所得的热层大气密度探测数据, 统计分析了强地磁扰动、高能粒子通量跃变和热层大气密度涨落之间的相关关系, 初步获得强地磁扰动期间, 地球同步轨道(外辐射带外环)均出现了增幅大于三个数量级的高能质子通量(尤其是E>1MeV)强增强现象, 随后热 层大气密度强烈上涨, 表明三者之间是正相关关系. 在时间上地球同步轨道高能质子通量强增强现象先于日均Ap值(地磁活动程度)上涨约一天左右, 而热层大气密度强涨落现象又明显滞后于强地磁扰动事件.      

中子星吸积柱中荷电粒子密度的分布及电场的形成

本文从刘维定理出发,通过相空间求平均,建立了中子星吸积柱中粒子流连续方程和动量迁移方程。并在静力学平衡下求出其解;建立了吸积柱中的荷电粒子分布;引出了某些有趣的新结果。      

Current carriers for the field-aligned current system

Recently the Dynamics Explorer satellites have returned a large body of data containing high resolution magnetometer measurements and distributions of charged particles of all but thermal electrons. From these data a systematic study has begun of the relations of the field-aligned currents to particle precipitation structures and the identification of the charge carriers. The data have been separated into three levels of magnetic activity and three local time sectors. Results of this study include the following:1. During very quiet periods, field-aligned currents exist primarily as fine structure.2. During onset of substorms, Region 1 and Region 2 become clearly evident but contain significant structure.3. As magnetic activity subsides, current regions become less distinct, and structure becomes more dominant.4. The distribution of the upward currents derived from magnetometer data and calculated from suprathermal electron data agree remarkably well in shape but not necessarily in magnitude.5. At all local times, >5 eV electrons seldom carry most of the upward current.6. Except for the accelerated Inverted-V electrons, the dominant upward current carriers which are measured are below 500 eV and are distributed in energy.7. Dusk upward currents (Region 1) are associated with the Boundary Plasma Sheet (BPS).8. Suprathermal electron bursts are important current carrying structures.     

Artificial particle and wave stimulation in the trigger experiment

The Trigger experiment was designed to test the response of the auroral ionosphere to an impulsive release of a hot, dense plasma. It consisted of a sounding rocket payload divided into two parts, an instrumented diagnostic section and a cesium doped high explosive canister. When the two sections were separated by about 1 km, but close to the same magnetic field line, the cesium high explosive was ignited and the plasma around the payload was observed to increase briefly by a factor of 4 in density and a factor of 2 in temperature.A variety of particle and field phenomena occurred in rapid succession after the cesium release. A drastic increase in the field aligned charged particle flux was observed over the approximate energy range 10 eV to more than 300 keV, starting about 150 ms after the release and lasting about 1 second. There is also evidence of a second particle burst, starting one second after the release and lasting for tens of seconds. A transient electric field pulse of 200 mV/m appeared just before the particle flux increase began. Additional effects include electrostatic waves associated with the cesium cloud boundary. The field aligned currents associated with the electric field pulse and cloud conductivity gradient may be responsible for the observed electron acceleration in a manner similar to the electrodynamic origin of auroral arcs.