基于矢量磁强计的磁场梯度张量仪误差校正方法

卫星在轨运行时,本体会产生一定的磁干扰,一般通过伸杆将传感器远离卫星本体安装,或者通过多个磁场传感器测量磁场梯度的方法来消除卫星本体的磁干扰.使用磁场梯度张量仪测量磁场梯度时,张量仪本身的构型会给测量带来误差.通过对5种主要的张量仪构型进行误差仿真,对比5种构型的张量测量误差,发现十字形构型张量仪的测量误差最小.除了构型带来的误差,张量仪的主要测量误差还包括组成张量仪的三轴磁强计本身的误差和非对准误差.本文使用椭球拟合算法对磁强计本身的误差进行校正,校正后磁强计测量总场的均方根误差为0.864nT.针对张量仪的非对准误差,提出了正交系间非对准误差的校正方法.仿真结果表明,校正后的非对准角度误差≤3.2×10^-5 rad,能够很好地降低张量仪的非对准误差.     

基于补偿最小二乘的航天器轨道确定方法研究

航天器动力学模型误差是降低轨道确定精度的关键因素之一,文章将航天器动力学模型中的模型误差转化为测量模型的系统误差,建立了测量方程的部分线性模型;并根据补偿最小二乘原理,推导了部分线性模型参数估计方法,并证明了相关性质。仿真试验表明:部分线性模型更接近测量数据的真实表现;基于补偿最小二乘的航天器轨道改进方法能有效逼近航天器状态真值,定轨精度显著优于传统最小二乘估计。     

光纤陀螺零偏温度误差补偿方法分析

根据光纤陀螺光纤环受温度效应影响的机理,分析了光纤陀螺零偏产生温度误差的原因,提出了光纤陀螺基于光纤环附近多点温度的误差补偿方法,建立光纤陀螺零偏随光纤环附近多点温度及温度变化率变化的数学补偿模型。根据全温温度实验,分析光纤陀螺零偏随温度变化的规律,确定补偿模型的补偿系数,对光纤陀螺零偏进行温度误差补偿。并将多点温度补偿方法与传统的基于单点温度补偿方案的补偿效果进行对比分析。结果表明,基于两点及以上温度的温度误差补偿模型能将全温零偏稳定性降低2个数量级,全温极差降低1个数量级,优于基于单点类的温度补偿方案,且具有很高的工程应用价值。     

一种新型陀螺的力矩器非圆性误差补偿方法

为提高磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺（MSCSG）对陀螺载体姿态的敏感精度,基于其洛伦兹力磁轴承（LFMB）的设计结构,提出了一种力矩器非圆性误差补偿方法。首先,针对一种新型双球形包络面转子MSCSG,介绍了MSCSG的结构特点与陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感原理,并分别建立了MSCSG力矩器半径误差模型、转子偏转干扰力矩模型与陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感误差模型。其次,通过实验测量了力矩器的圆度,通过MATLAB进行数据拟合得到了力矩器的非圆特性,采用勒让德多项式级数对力矩器非圆性进行了描述,并有效补偿了因力矩器非圆性误差导致的姿态角速度敏感误差。最后,对误差补偿效果进行了仿真验证,结果表明该补偿方法使陀螺载体姿态角速度敏感误差降低了83.5%。此外,本文方法还可以解决LFMB陀螺的相关共性问题。      

神经网络在下颌运动轨迹图测量中的应用

介绍了采用小型磁石测量下颌运动轨迹图Electrognathography(EGN)的方法。给出利用磁偶极子模型代替小磁石模型的理论及实际依据。利用神经网络解决由磁石产生的磁感应强度推定其空间参数的反演问题 ,并且采用了分割网络及修正网络的方法来提高磁石运动测量的推定准确度。     

地球引力场带谐调和项引起的卫星轨道摄动

本文给出了地球引力场带谐调和项引起的卫星轨道摄动的分析计算公式,它包括了任意有限多个带谐调和项的影响,适用于任意偏心率的卫星轨道。     

Lunar gravity field modeling critical analysis and challenges

This paper summarizes and provides a critical analysis of the historical developments of lunar gravitational models from the earliest use of ground based tracking systems of the Lunar Orbiter to the Lunar Prospector mission. This encompasses a comprehensive and critical analysis of the various methods used in the estimation of the gravity coefficients and the processing of large batches of diverse measurements and data types. It has been shown that weakness exists in the current models of the lunar gravity field, which is primarily due to the lack of far side lunar tracking data information, which makes the lunar potential modeling difficult but expected to be overcome as data from SELENE satellite-to-satellite tracking becomes available. Comparisons of various lunar models reveal an agreement in the low order coefficients of the spherical harmonics. However, substantial differences in the models exist in the higher-order harmonics. A numerical comparison has been presented showing the performance of all the contemporary lunar gravitational models used within the astrodynamics community and available in public domain. Improvements to the current models are part of a continuing process and the recent model improvements and future possibilities in lunar gravity modeling are discussed. A brief review of the recent missions has been presented. It is hoped that this critical review will benefit the researchers by presenting the historical as well as state of the art in this field.     

一种基于系数择优的低阶球谐电离层延迟改正模型

针对单频接收机的电离层延迟改正问题, 提出了一种基于系数择优的低阶球谐电离层延迟改正模型. 按照电离层延迟改正模型参数择优问题的描述, 明确参数优化的目标和约束条件, 根据参数选择可编码的特点, 提出了利用遗传算法进行参数择优的方法及步骤. 以欧洲定轨中心(CODE)提供的电离层数据作为参考标准, 对参数择优模型、 低阶球谐模型和Klobuchar模型模拟的区域电离层VTEC精度进行了比较分析. 结果表明, 较之相同系数个数的低阶球谐模型, 参数择优模型精度平均改进了1～2TECU, 而且比Klobuchar模型及低阶球谐模型能更好地反映电离层的周日变化及纬度变化特征.     

中国及邻近地区地磁场垂直梯度的计算与研究

根据地磁场的球谐模型,推导出地磁场各个分量垂直梯度的球谐表达式.计算出中国及邻近地区高度为0km,50km和100km处的地磁场及其垂直梯度的网点值,编绘出地磁总强度、垂直强度、水平强度和磁偏角的垂直梯度等值线图.研究了地磁场垂直梯度在地面上以及随高度的变化规律.     

Estimation of differential code biases with Jason-2/3 onboard GPS observations

With the continuous deployment of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites, the estimation of differential code biases (DCBs) based on GNSS observations from LEO has gained increasing attention. Previous studies on LEO-based DCB estimation are usually using the spherical symmetry ionosphere assumption (SSIA), in which a uniform electron density is assumed in a thick shell. In this study, we propose an approach (named the SHLEO method) to simultaneously estimate the satellite and LEO onboard receiver DCBs by modeling the distribution of the global plasmaspheric total electron content (PTEC) above the satellite orbit with a spherical harmonic (SH) function. Compared to the commonly used SSIA method, the SHLEO model improves the GPS satellite DCB estimation accuracy by 13.46% and the stability by 22.34%, respectively. Compared to the GPS satellite DCBs estimated based on the Jason-3-only observations, the accuracy and monthly stability of the satellite DCBs can be improved by 14.42% and 26.8% when both Jason-2 and Jason-3 onboard observations are jointly processed. Compared with the Jason-2 solutions, the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations have an improved consistency of better than 18.26% and 9.71% with the products provided by the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). Taking the DCB products provided by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) as references, there is no improvement in accuracy of the GPS satellite DCB estimates based on the fusion of Jason-2 and Jason-3 observations than the Jason-2 solutions alone. A periodic variation is found in the time series of both the Jason-3 and Jason-2 onboard receiver DCB estimates. Preliminary analysis of the PTEC distribution based on the estimated SH coefficients are also presented.     

卫星磁部件分布对梯度法消除剩磁的影响分析

在工程实施中双探头梯度法的误差系数只能达到0.5~0.3,意味着只能消除50%~70%的卫星剩磁干扰。文章研究双探头梯度法消除卫星本体剩磁的原理和工程上双探头梯度法的误差来源,并分析了卫星剩磁部件的分布对磁心的影响,以及磁心与双探头位置的关系在双探头梯度法中的关键作用。当磁心位置确定,并且双探头安装连线通过磁心,双探头梯度法的处理误差能够实现最小化。仿真试验表明,在优化剩磁部件分布和双探头部署位置的情况下,双探头梯度法的误差系数可以从0.4降低到0.03以下。     

基于稀疏地磁数据的中低纬度磁暴感应地电场的算法研究

强磁暴产生的地磁感应电流是诱发电力系统灾害性事故的关键因素,预防与控制地磁感应电流的必要途径是评估其在系统中的水平.掌握磁暴感应地电场的时空分布是评估所在区域电网地磁感应电流的基础,可为研究与防治电网磁暴灾害提供参考.在中国现有稀疏分布的地磁台观测数据基础上,建立了电离层等效球面元电流系统模型,并将其与复镜像法结合,建立了磁暴感应地电场和地磁场的计算模型.利用磁暴期间实测的地磁台站数据进行了计算,算例结果与平面波理论计算结果的对比证明了算法的正确性与有效性.计算结果可直接应用于电力系统的地磁感应电流计算,为分析电力系统磁暴灾害风险提供参考.