自旋稳定卫星姿态参数的容错Kalman滤波

Kalman滤波是一组用递推关系给出的动态 测量系统状态向量的最优线性无偏滤波 ,它在航天测控领域中有广泛应用。以自旋稳定型卫星姿态确定为研究对象 ,探讨Kalman滤波算法的实现途径 ,并对Kalman滤波算法本身进行适当改进 ,建立一组对测量数据野值点具有容错能力的修正型滤波算法 ;此外 ,还对滤波初值选取和测量数据误差协方差阵的估计等技术给出了有价值的建议     

中国区域电离层异常数据野值检测

针对中国区域连续运行参考站接收机野值会干扰星基增强系统（SBAS）电离层异常事件提取的问题，提出了一种基于电离层垂直延迟时间梯度的野值检测方法。首先，介绍了电离层延迟数据的提取方法；然后，论述了依据野值和电离层异常的不同时空相关特性进行野值检测的方法，并用单双频定位误差结果验证了野值检测的正确性；最后，对检测结果进行了分析。结果表明:该方法可有效区分野值和电离层异常；在中国大陆构造环境监测网络200多个参考站中，野值检测所剔除的参考站数目在3~10个，对电离层穿透点空间分布的影响在可接受范围内。      

基于最小化新息协方差的修正SRCKF算法

目标跟踪过程中的模型误差会使得平方根容积卡尔曼滤波（SRCKF）性能下降,滤波精度降低;自适应滤波中的修正卡尔曼滤波（AKF）算法可以有效解决这一问题,但是难以应用到非线性滤波中。为了克服模型误差带来的不利影响,同时,进一步提高修正思想的应用范围,在SRCKF的基础上,基于最小化新息协方差准则推导了修正系数的向量形式,提出修正SRCKF(ASRCKF)算法。所提算法通过利用后期的测量数据,增加对测量值的信任度,从而达到对目标模型误差进行补偿的目的。仿真结果表明：与SRCKF和强跟踪SRCKF算法相比,所提ASRCKF算法能有效抑制模型误差,有着更优的滤波性能。     

高超声速飞行器惯性/天文鲁棒组合导航方法

对于高超声速飞行而言,惯性/天文组合导航的应用将会面临异常值干扰和噪声特性变化等问题,需要控制天文量测中异常值扰动的影响,提高对于可靠量测信息的利用效率。为此,本文研究了一种基于平衡因子的组合导航方法,采用鲁棒滤波方法进行惯性/天文组合导航系统的量测更新,将自适应滤波技术引入到鲁棒滤波中,考虑到天文量测信息不同的噪声特性和水平,将自适应因子分解为姿态自适应因子和位置自适应因子,从而平衡状态预测信息和天文测量信息的贡献。仿真结果表明,本文方法可以显著提高高动态环境影响下的组合导航性能。     

基于混沌的改进粒子群优化粒子滤波算法

针对基本粒子滤波(PF)算法存在的粒子退化和重采样引起的粒子多样性丧失,导致粒子样本无法精确表示状态概率密度函数真实分布,提出了一种基于混沌的改进粒子群优化(PSO)粒子滤波算法。通过引入混沌序列产生一组混沌变量,将产生的变量映射到优化变量的区间提高粒子质量,并利用混沌扰动克服粒子群优化局部最优问题。利用单变量非静态增长模型(UNGM)在高斯噪声和非高斯噪声环境下将该算法与基本粒子滤波和粒子群优化粒子滤波(PSO-PF)的性能进行仿真比较。结果表明:该算法的性能在有效粒子数和均方根误差(RMSE)等参数都优于基本粒子滤波和粒子群优化粒子滤波,改善了算法的精度和跟踪性能。      

基于URD的非线性滤波算法

非线性滤波算法一直是个活跃的研究方向,本文引入数论中的均匀随机设计（URD）,提出了一种URD的非线性滤波算法（URD-KF）,用于处理非线性高斯系统的滤波问题,并从理论上分析了该算法的性能。分析表明,该算法的性能要好于Unscented变换方法。仿真结果也证实了该算法的滤波性能优于UK滤波算法,且在相同滤波性能的前提下,该算法的计算代价要小于PF滤波算法。将该算法应用于Bearing—Only跟踪中,实验结果表明,该算法的性能优于PF。     

基于改进动静态滤波的脉冲星/CNS深空探测组合导航方法

为了提高深空探测器的自主导航系统性能,文章提出一种基于改进动静态滤波的脉冲星/CNS组合导航方法。脉冲星观测数据和星光角距信息通过改进动静态滤波器进行信息融合。其中,动态滤波采用UKF处理采样速率快、测量方程非线性强的星光角距测量量,静态滤波采用EKF处理采样速率慢、测量方程线性特征明显的脉冲星测量量,其运行周期可以是动态滤波的若干倍。利用该改进动静态滤波进行组合导航,可避免联邦滤波器中由于各局部滤波器采用相同的状态方程而导致的融合滤波结果不具备最优性的问题。仿真分析表明,基于所提出的组合导航系统,深空探测器的导航精度可提高至10km以内。     

基于SRCKF的多传感器融合自适应鲁棒算法

为解决模型误差和异常量测值发生时平方根容积卡尔曼滤波（SRCKF）算法滤波性能下降甚至滤波发散的问题,提出了一种多传感器融合自适应鲁棒算法。基于新息协方差匹配原则设计了鲁棒子系统以抑制量测异常值,同时为克服模型误差使用基于新息修正的低复杂度自适应SRCKF(LCASRCKF)算法设计了自适应子系统,根据2种子系统的特点和局限提出全局融合架构,使系统可以充分平衡并利用滤波过程中先验的模型预测值信息和后验的量测值信息,最终降低估计误差。仿真结果表明：相比鲁棒多渐消因子容积卡尔曼滤波（RMCKF）等算法,所提融合算法在滤波精度、稳定性和收敛速度等方面有明显优势。     

一种新型的用于深空高动态微弱信号载波跟踪环

分析了深空通信中高动态微弱信号载波跟踪方法，提出并分析了载波跟踪中状态方程非线性与量测方程的非线性取舍问题，分析了滤波过程中影响高动态与低信噪比的决定因素，给出了两个推论，提出了强跟踪算法的必要性。并以此选择了以传统卡尔曼滤波（KF）为基础，以锁相环（FLL）、无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）为辅助使用两种工作模式来应对不同环境。针对组合跟踪环路状态转换过渡易出现的频率阶跃问题，给出新型环路的工作模式及切换门限的数学表达式，在环路中添加计算判别器，实时控制环路输出的同时不浪费计算力地剔除了野值，提高了环路稳定性。仿真表明，该新型环路算法与现有的算法相比有很好的低信噪高动态适应能力，消除了切换峰值，剔除了野值。     

N通道滤波器的原理分析及其在微弱信号检测技术中的应用

微弱信号检测技术是现代测试仪表技术的一个重要部分,而滤波又是其核心,在很大程度上它决定着测试仪表的性能。因此,对先进的滤波力法进行探索和研究已显得越来越重要。本文所要论述的是一种新颖而又先进的、性能良好的滤波方法——N通道滤波。对从信噪比极小的噪声背景中提取有用的周期信号,该滤波方法有其独特的优点。     

哨声波的自聚焦(Ⅱ)——当磁层对波有放大作用时的讨论

本文指出, 当磁层对波有放大作用时, 哨声波的自聚焦容易发生;当磁层对波有吸收时, 哨声波的自聚焦不容易发生.      

卡尔曼平滑在动态推力测量中的应用

首次将卡尔曼平滑应用于固体火箭发动机地面热试车时的动态推力测量,提供了一个便于工程应用且有较高精度的动态推力测量的新方法。根据固体火箭发动机理论推导出推力的动态模型;研究噪声方差和初始条件的确定方法及估计的稳定性、敛散性。继而进行了数学仿真实验,并对实际发动机推力采样数据进行了处理。分析与处理结果表明:卡尔曼平滑应用于动态推力测量是行之有效的。     

Turbo码最优周期交织器

从码字重量分布的角度分析了影响Turbo码性能的原因,介绍了Turbo码最优周期交织器的概念,然后基于这一概念,为Turbo码提供了一个新的交织器设计方法, 并对采用这种交织器的Turbo码的性能进行仿真.与几种常用的交织器相比,这样的交织器使Turbo码的性能有了很大改善,这种改善在高信噪比的环境中更为明显.最优周期交织器的应用对于实际的Turbo码交织器设计有重要的意义,对于提高移动通信系统的性能有重要价值.     

Mutation induction in human lymphoid cells by energetic heavy ions.

One of the concerns for extended space flight outside the magnetosphere is exposure to galactic cosmic radiation. In the series of studies presented herein, the mutagenic effectiveness of high energy heavy ions is examined using human B-lymphoblastoid cells across an LET range from 32keV/micrometer to 190 keV/micrometer. Mutations were scored for an autosomal locus, thymidine kinase (tk), and for an X-linked locus, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt). For each of the radiations studied, the autosomal locus is more sensitive to mutation induction than is the X-linked locus. When mutational yields are expressed in terms of particle fluence, the two loci respond quite differently across the range of LET. The action cross section for mutation induction peaks at 61 keV/micrometer for the tk locus and then declines for particles of higher LET, including Fe ions. For the hprt locus, the action cross section for mutation is maximal at 95 keV/micrometer but is relatively constant across the range from 61 keV/micrometer to 190 keV/micrometer. The yields of hprt-deficient mutants obtained after HZE exposure to TK6 lymphoblasts may be compared directly with published data on the induction of hprt-deficient mutants in human neonatal fibroblasts exposed to similar ions. The action cross section for induction of hprt-deficient mutants by energetic Fe ions is more than 10-fold lower for lymphoblastoid cells than for fibroblasts.     

Responses to satellite remote sensing opportunities in East and Southern Africa

Since 1978 the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) has funded a regional remote sensing project for East and Southern Africa. The project, hosted by the Regional Centre for Services in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, has provided a programme of training courses, user services and project support. This included the equipping and establishment of a photo-laboratory complex for processing Landsat images and the provision of advice and support for agencies undertaking natural resources analysis.Response to the training programme has been very good. Courses are usually over subscribed and there is a continued demand for training. Assessments of the courses by participants are highly positive and the courses have featured consultants of international calibre. Requests for follow-up courses, and for specialist group training indicate a strong response to this training activity. User services are active, consultations with staff, use of the browse file and interpretation equipment and the purchase of data for project work all produce an average demand of 12 active enquiries per working week. The photo-laboratory is particularly active and demand for products exceeds available capacity.Project work is now being supported but limited resources restrict the range and amount of project activity. Response to the opportunities offered for projects has been favourable and this activity is ripe for expansion. The difficulty in expanding to meet the expressed demand is primarily financial. The east and southern Africa region is not economically strong and has a great need for natural resources data for development work and planning. The responses to satellite remote sensing opportunities will be limited by these financial constraints which effectively means by the level of international aid directed to this activity. For such aid to be effective it must be coordinated and firmly attached to the region. Such coordinated aid programmes would avoid fragmentation of distribution and applications work. Fragmentation could seriously disrupt the present growth in natural resources activity based on remote sensing data from satellites. The lack of financing for a regional ground receiving station is also a significant limiting factor.     

栅格翼与机身发动机组合体的气动特性计算

本文给出了栅格翼和机身、机身和发动机以及机身的台阶与其前后柱体等复杂气动力干扰的计算方法，考虑栅格翼与机身气动干扰时，假定栅格翼处在机身的向流动的上洗流场中，用翼片理论计算有机身影响时栅格翼上载荷分布，考虑机身和发动机气动干扰时，有杉一个机身和上个发动机组成的十字型五体组合体模型，用保角变换算出干扰因子，考虑机身台阶与其前后柱体的气动干扰时，采用锥柱体和截锥结合实验修正的方法，用本方法计算了栅格翼     

Finite-time relative orbit-attitude tracking control for multi-spacecraft with collision avoidance and changing network topologies

This paper addresses the relative position tracking and attitude synchronization control problem for spacecraft formation flying (SFF). Based on the derived relative coupled six-degree-of-freedom dynamics, a robust adaptive finite-time fast terminal sliding mode controller is proposed to achieve the desired formation in the presence of model uncertainties and external disturbances. It is shown that the designed controller is effective for changing information exchange topology making it robust to node failure. Then, the artificial potential function method is employed to generate collision avoidance schemes to modify the controller such that inter-agent collision avoidance can be ensured during the formation maneuver, which is critical for practical missions. The stability of the overall closed-loop system is proved by using Lyapunov theory. Finally, numerical examples for a given SFF scenario are presented to illustrate the performance of the controller.     

Model predictive control for close-proximity maneuvering of spacecraft with adaptive convexification of collision avoidance constraints

This study investigated model predictive control (MPC) for close-proximity maneuvering of spacecraft. It is essential for a designed MPC to effectively handle collision avoidance between the servicer spacecraft and the client spacecraft, especially while the client is rotating. The rotating motion of the client leads to dynamic changes in the collision avoidance constraints, which increases the difficulty of optimizing the control input in the MPC framework. Therefore, this study presents a method to improve the performance and computational efficiency of MPC for rendezvous and docking with a nonrotating or rotating client. An ellipsoid is adopted to model the client’s keep-out zone (KOZ). Given the spherical KOZ of the servicer, an expanded ellipsoid is introduced to describe the KOZ for the center of mass of the servicer and modeled as a nonlinear constraint. The linearization method for reference points located at the expanded ellipsoid is adopted to convexify the nonlinear constraints. The reference points are adaptively determined according to the positions of the servicer, client, and expanded ellipsoidal KOZ. The resulting hyperplanes are then used to describe the collision avoidance constraints. By utilizing the aforementioned strategies, combined with the calculated reference points, an adaptive convex programming algorithm suitable for real-time implementation of MPC is derived. The performance of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical simulations.     

基于云计算的航天器控制系统自组织体系结构

针对目前航天器控制系统中计算单元冗余备份过多但系统动态效能不足的问题,提出一种航天器控制系统自组织体系结构,通过高速对等网络将系统建立在云计算的基础上,取消单节点的冗余备份,以系统整体能力为单个节点做备份,当出现节点故障时动态迁移其程序和数据到其他正常节点以继续其功能,从而实现系统在故障时计算体系的动态聚合重构.