二维非结构网格的生成及其Euler方程解

 采用推进阵面法生成三角形非结构网格,用多重网格技术求解泊桑方程以取得结构背景网格.提出了一种高效的边界剖分法,并用它来生成初始阵面.另外,还提出了一种新颖的数据结构——数组链接表,用它来存贮网格数据.用有限体积法在非结构网格中求解了二维可压缩Euler方程,给出了单段翼型和多段翼型的算例,并与实验结果进行了比较和分析.     

关于非结构网格生成中的背景函数

背景信息对于用阵面推进法生成非结构网格是一个关键的环节.文章基于众多文献中提到的背景信息提供方法,提出一种更为实用的背景信息提供技术.此方法不仅避免了不必要的机时,内存的消耗,又使网格具有光滑性,网格的生成具有灵活性,方便性的特点.基于生成的网格采用有限体积法研究无粘高超音速化学非平衡流的流场分布,生成的网格能够成功的运用于高超音速化学非平衡流的数值计算。     

基于光学测量的大型天线测试方法研究

提出了一种基于光学照相的电磁场数值计算测试电大尺寸天线辐射特性的新方法. 根据光学照相实测大型天线的形面三维坐标计算出天线表面电流分布, 利用物理光学计算得到天线远场方向图和增益. 采用该方法得到的海洋二号校正辐射计观测天线和充气天线的辐射特性与平面近场测试结果的对比验证了其具有足够的准确性. 该方法具有快速、灵活的特点, 可以推广到电大尺寸天线测试.      

二维非结构网格的可压缩Euler方程流场解

讨论了非结构网格的生成方法,用Delaunay三角化方法和推进阵面法相结合的方法生成了非结构网格,提高了生成非结构网格的自动化程度和网格的质量.用有限体积法在非结构网格中求解了二维可压缩Euler方程,给出了单段翼形和两段翼型的算例,并与实验结果进行了比较和分析.     

基于焦面哈特曼波前传感器的大视场高精度波前测量技术论证

气动光学效应容易对导引头目标成像跟踪系统产生不良影响,然而传统哈特曼波前传感器由于探测视场小,无法作用于导引头的目标成像跟踪系统。文章介绍了一种能够大视场测量的焦面哈特曼波前传感器,同时针对在焦面哈特曼中传统模式法无法高精度测量的问题,提出一种能够高精度测量的优化波前复原算法——基于Gerchberg-Saxton迭代的波前复原算法。然后根据满足大视场测量的结构设计,搭建了仿真平台,利用优化的波前复原算法对仿真输入像差进行复原。最后,利用多个激光器搭建了大视场波前复原实验平台并验证了焦面哈特曼波前传感器具有能够实现高精度的大视场波前测量的能力。     

风云三号星载天线的准光学分析与设计

利用准光学原理分析了风云三号卫星湿度仪天馈系统. 利用等效面磁流和等效面电流法分析得到栅网在高斯波束入射时交叉极化小于-42 dB. 应用高斯模耦合法代替传统的ABCD矩阵分析偏馈反射面, 在大焦径比情况下, 推导出较为简单的高斯模耦合矩阵解析式. 系统实测方向图与仿真结果对比显示, 准光学分析能够快速处理偏馈反射面天线系统, 得到较高精度的结果.      

FDTD-PWS法用于分析毫米波透镜天线焦面场

提出一种新的节省计算空间的FDTD-PWS混合算法,并应用于透镜天线的焦面场分析.首先采用FDTD(Finite-Difference Time-Domain)求解得到聚焦透镜天线的口面场的幅度和相位分布,再通过PWS(Plane Wave Spectrum)外推至焦平面,求解得出焦面场分布.根据天线场分布的对称性,将PEC(Perfect Electric Conductor)和PMC(Perfect Magnetic Conductor)边界应用于FDTD的仿真过程,使仿真模型缩减为原模型的1/4,进一步节省了计算空间.应用于毫米波聚焦透镜天线的焦面场仿真分析,并对其焦面场进行平面近场扫描测试,将仿真结果进行探头补偿后与实验数据作比较,证明该方法是精确和高效的.      

星载可展开天线波束指向测试方法研究

综合天线方向图测量和光学测量方法研究了天线远场测量和近场测量光学测试系统, 进而利用光学仪器测试了星载天线波束指向的两种测试方法. 望远镜结合天线远场测试系统能较准确地测试出天线波束指向. 同时, 提出了采用准直仪及波罗棱镜在天线平面近场测试系统测试波束指向的方法. 海洋二号卫星载荷校正辐射计观测天线波束指向的测试表明, 该方法是有效性和准确性的, 其可以推广至一般高增益天线测试.      

从"宽视场红外巡天望远镜"分析美军光学成像侦察卫星的技术发展

1 项目情况 "宽视场红外巡天望远镜"项目进展一波三折.该项目于2010年进入预研阶段,由于NASA预算紧缩,该项目一度进展缓慢.2011年,NASA接受了美国国家侦察局赠予的侦察卫星遗留望远镜系统,使该项目出现了转机.此后,"宽视场红外巡天望远镜"项目组对侦察卫星望远镜是否适于空间望远镜使用进行了论证,并基于美国国家侦察局望远镜修改了最初的设计方案,新方案于2015年12月通过了任务概念评审.该项目于2016年2月正式进入项目实施阶段.     

一种空间视觉测量子系统用半导体 激光器驱动电路设计

针对面阵静态红外地球敏感器的现场标定,提出基于规则小孔平面靶标的现场标定方法.将小孔平面靶标固定放置于面源黑体前方,在光学视场测量空间内,多次调整红外地球敏感器的摆放位置,以采集多幅不同位置、不同角度的红外靶标光点图像.使用等高层最小二乘椭圆拟合方法精确提取靶标红外光点的中心坐标,获得特征点信息.利用红外靶标图像和图像特征点计算面阵静态红外地球敏感器光学系统的焦距和主点坐标.试验结果表明,该标定方法简单灵活有效,便于调试现场操作.目前,该方法已在面阵静态红外地球敏感器研究中得到应用.     

聚焦透镜天线焦斑宽度估算

根据惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,通过简单的推导,得出聚焦透镜天线焦平面上焦斑宽度的近似计算公式,并讨论了与焦平面平行的平面上的焦斑场.为证明该方法的计算精度及效率,设计了一个Ka波段聚焦透镜天线,并加工了两个天线样品进行比较.对两天线进行了平面近场扫描测试,采用近似公式计算得到的Ka波段聚焦透镜天线半功率点宽度与实验数据接近,表明文中给出的公式有一定工程参考作用.      

The ROSAT mission

A primary scientific objective of the ROSAT mission is to perform the first all-sky survey with an imaging X-ray telescope leading to an improvement in sensitivity by several orders of magnitude compared with previous surveys. A large number of new sources (? 10⁵) will be discovered and located with an accuracy of 1 arcmin or better. These will comprise almost all astronomical objects from nearby normal stars to distant quasistellar objects. After completion of the survey which will take half a year the instrument will be used for detailed observations of selected sources with respect to spatial structure, spectra and time variability. In this mode which will be open for guest observers ROSAT will provide substantial improvement over the imaging instruments of the Einstein observatory.The main ROSAT telescope consists of a fourfold nested mirror system with 83 cm aperture having three focal plane instruments. Two of them will be imaging proportional counters (0.1 – 2 keV) providing a field of view of 2°, an angular resolution of ≈ 30″ in the pointing mode and a spectral resolution ^ΔE/E ≈ 45% FWHM at 1 keV. The third focal instrument will be a high resolution imager (≈ 3″). The main ROSAT telescope will be complemented by a parallel looking Wide Field camera which extend the spectral coverage into the XUV band.     

AXAF,a permanent orbiting X-ray observatory: Telescope and instrumentation plans

The Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) now under study is to be a long-lived X-ray observatory in space. It is to be launched by the Space Shuttle, maintainable on-orbit, and retrievable for ground re-furbishment. The AXAF is conceived as an X-ray telescope with 6 nested grazing incidence X-ray mirrors (with a maximum aperture of 1.2 m) and interchangeable and replaceable focal plane instruments. The optics will provide 0.5 arcsecond imagery over a several arcminute field and somewhat reduced resolution over 1 degree in the X-ray band from 0.1 to 10 keV (1.2 to 120 A). The characteristics and expected performance of the observatory are described.     

多视场星敏感器结构参数标定方法

提出一种基于星间角距不变原理的多视场(FOV)星敏感器结构参数标定方法.这种方法以欧拉角表征多视场星敏感器各个子视场之间的旋转关系,利用识别得到的各个视场星点的坐标信息和赤经赤纬信息,计算出多对星光矢量来建立标定模型和目标函数,然后使用L-M算法优化目标函数并解算出各个子视场之间的结构参数.此方法不需要外部姿态测量仪器辅助,可用于在轨和地面标定.在全天球随机抽取多个姿态生成多视场的仿真星图用于标定,并采用星内角统计偏差作为结构参数标定精度的评价指标.这种方法能够准确求解多视场星敏感器的结构参数.星内角统计偏差的平均值在星点位置噪声标准差为0.1像素的仿真试验中为1.3",在外场观星的实际试验中为6.4".      

X-ray timing beyond the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer

With its ability to look at bright galactic X-ray sources with sub-millisecond time resolution, the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) discovered that the X-ray emission from accreting compact stars shows quasi-periodic oscillations on the dynamical timescales of the strong field region. RXTE showed also that waveform fitting of the oscillations resulting from hot spots at the surface of rapidly rotating neutron stars constrain their masses and radii. These two breakthroughs suddenly opened up a new window on fundamental physics, by providing new insights on strong gravity and dense matter. Building upon the RXTE legacy, in the Cosmic Vision exercise, testing General Relativity in the strong field limit and constraining the equation of state of dense matter were recognized recently as key goals to be pursued in the ESA science program for the years 2015–2025. This in turn identified the need for a large (10 m² class) aperture X-ray observatory. In recognition of this need, the XEUS mission concept which has evolved into a single launch L2 formation flying mission will have a fast timing instrument in the focal plane. In this paper, I will outline the unique science that will be addressed with fast X-ray timing on XEUS.     

A new window on the cosmos: The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA)

The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is a joint US/German Project to develop and operate a gyrostabilized 2.5-m telescope in a Boeing 747-SP. This observatory will allow astronomical observations from 0.3 μm to sub-millimeter wavelengths at stratospheric altitudes as high as 45,000 ft where the atmosphere is not only cloud-free, but largely transparent at infrared wavelengths. The dynamics and chemistry of interstellar matter, and the details of embedded star formation will be key science goals. In addition, SOFIA’s unique portability will enable large-telescope observations at sites required to observe transient phenomena and location specific events. SOFIA will offer the convenient accessibility of a ground-based telescope for servicing, maintenance, and regular technology upgrades, yet will also have many of the performance advantages of a space-based telescope. Initially, SOFIA will fly with nine first-generation focal plane instruments that include broad-band imagers, moderate resolution spectrographs that will resolve broad features from dust and large molecules, and high resolution spectrometers capable of studying the chemistry and detailed kinematics of molecular and atomic gas. First science flights will begin in 2010, leading to a full operations schedule of about 120 8–10 h flights per year by 2014. The next call for instrument development that can respond to scientifically exciting new technologies will be issued in 2010. We describe the SOFIA facility and outline the opportunities for observations by the general scientific community with cutting edge focal plane technology. We summarize the operational characteristics of the first-generation instruments and give specific examples of the types of fundamental scientific studies these instruments are expected to make.