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1.
由于空间碎片的影响,空间环境日益恶劣,有必要建立空间碎片环境工程模型对空间碎片撞击航天器进行风险评估.本文研究了空间碎片环境模型中的重要环节,即碎片的空间密度问题,在统计理论与椭圆轨道理论基础上,分析及推导了空间碎片在空间中的分布状况及空间密度,并得出了碎片空间密度的空间坐标函数解析表达式.同时对引入假设条件的合理性进行了讨论,并利用双行元数据对结论进行了验证,利用本文方法得出的结果与双行元数据吻合.  相似文献   

2.
空间碎片环境模型   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
空间碎片环境建模就是用数学方法描述空间碎片在三维空间和未来时间的数量、分布、迁移、流动以及碎片的物理特性(如尺寸、质量、密度、反射特性等)。空间碎片环境模型可以分为三类:第一类是确定性的,能逐个测算单个碎片的轨道参数和物理特性;第二类是统计性的,能通...  相似文献   

3.
利用北极69°N和78°N两套非相干散射雷达的首次空间碎片联合观测数据进行空间碎片参数(距离、速度、散射截面积、等效直径等)的对比分析,得出以下结论:两部雷达探测的碎片高度均主要分布在500~1100km和1400~1600km区间,但78°N雷达探测的碎片数量较多;空间碎片的径向速度均在-1.5~1.5km…-1区间,其中大部分为负值,说明在此次探测试验中碎片运动方向主要以远离雷达或地球为主;ESR雷达探测的空间碎片射截面积约为10-5~10-2m2,等效直径主要分布在4~10cm,而UHF雷达探测的空间碎片散射截面积约为10-6~10-2m2,等效直径主要分布在2~6cm,说明在同一高度上69°N雷达探测能力更强;经合理设置判据参数后得出重复检测次数,78°N雷达和69°N雷达分别有32次和14次重复检测,两部雷达共有4次重复检测.这些结果为空间碎片检测和建模提供了参考.   相似文献   

4.
大型自由翻滚碎片的质心是在轨操作基坐标系下的不动点,也是碎片连体基下动力学参数向卫星坐标系转换的基准,对其精确识别是提高碎片动力学参数辨识精度的关键。提出基于惯性单元测量数据与双目视觉定位数据融合的大型空间碎片质心位置识别方法。基于无力矩欧拉方程,获取附着到空间碎片表面的惯性单元间转换关系,利用该转换关系对惯性单元冗余测量数据优化,再优化求解惯性单元到质心点距离;利用双目视觉获取惯性单元上标记点动态坐标,再利用惯性单元到质心点距离,基于三点定位原理识别大型空间碎片的质心位置。以加入高斯白噪声的惯性单元与双目视觉测量数据进行仿真,结果表明优化解算后惯性单元实时测量数据的误差降低到1%以下,解算的质心位置三轴误差小于0.47mm;开展了地面试验,结果表明,解算的质心位置三轴误差小于0.49mm。仿真和试验证明,该方法能够为大型空间碎片的消旋、捕获任务提供准确的数据基准。  相似文献   

5.
空间碎片减缓技术发展研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
正如电影《地心引力》(Gravity)呈现出的因为空间碎片而导致的巨大灾难,空间碎片对人类的空间资源开发活动构成了极大的威胁,必须想方设法地控制和减缓空间碎片。控制、减缓空间碎片的措施主要是预防和治理两种。在积极预防产生空间碎片的基础上,还有必要采用先进的清除技术对已经漂浮在轨道的空间碎片进行治理。  相似文献   

6.
随着空间碎片数量的不断增长,对人类航天事业的发展构成巨大威胁,清除空间碎片已经迫在眉睫。使用激光清除太空垃圾是一种低成本、高效、安全的清除技术。本文介绍了空间碎片的现状和现有清除方法,针对地基清除空间碎片技术存在的局限性,提出了一种天基激光清除空间碎片方案设想。  相似文献   

7.
快速准确地分析空间碎片群轨道演化行为对于其他在轨航天器碰撞规避至关重要。在各摄动力的作用下,空间碎片群演化运动呈现出复杂的非线性特征。空间碎片群体个体数量巨大,如果通过对空间碎片群中每个空间碎片进行轨道积分来分析群体预报的方法会导致计算量过大。针对该问题,提出一种基于多项式近似的轨道快速预报分析方法。该方法将空间碎片群分为少量的标称碎片和其他大量关联碎片。针对标称碎片的轨道预报采用数值积分求解保证预报精度;而针对其他大量的关联碎片轨道预报问题,采用多项式泰勒展开半解析方法求解,从而在保证预报精度的前提下有效减少空间碎片群轨道预报的计算量。为了验证方法的有效性,对不同空间碎片群进行了轨道预报仿真。仿真结果表明,当轨道预报精度设定在1m范围内时,多项式近似算法的计算量较蒙特卡洛方法计算效率提高了2.2~17.2倍,验证了所提出方法的有效性。  相似文献   

8.
针对航天器解体事件所生成的空间碎片的演化过程,进行了数学分析,确定了新生成的空间碎片的速度增量,在该增量作用下碎片轨道会发生变更,本文根据该增量得出了空间碎片在轨道变更后的轨道根数,分析了在大气阻力摄动作用下,空间碎片的数目和轨道分布的演化情况,给出了相关结果,结果表明此算法可行。  相似文献   

9.
    
针对日益增长的空间碎片污染太空环境问题,建立了天基激光能量清除空间碎片的降轨模型。重点讨论了速度增量与空间碎片速度的夹角对近地点高度降低的影响,并考虑到天基平台与空间碎片作用距离的影响,从能量利用率的角度出发,提出了能量分配系数(CEA)的概念。基于CEA,设计出关于脉冲激光能量分配的策略,并与脉冲激光能量平均方式清除空间碎片的方式进行对比分析,说明了脉冲激光能量分配策略的有效性,提高了天基激光能量利用能力,达到了高效清除空间碎片的目的。  相似文献   

10.
分析研究了空间碎片数随太阳辐射流量F10.7的变化;给出预报F10.7长期变化的计算方法和预测空间碎片数的数学模型。结果显示:①强太阳活动造成空间碎片年增长率下降;②空间碎片数与太阳活动11年变化密切相关,相关数为0.9;③空间碎片增长率约为发射率的两倍;④若发射率保持不变,则到2020年,大于10cm的碎片数将达到14500;⑤若小碎片的增长为大碎片增长的两倍,则到2020年,大于1cm的碎片数可达125000。  相似文献   

11.
空间系绳碎片碰撞生存能力研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
空间系绳结构和几何尺寸对其在复杂空间环境中抵抗碎片碰撞的能力有显著影响.本文根据系绳-碎片碰撞模型和泊松分布,计算了双股系绳和带状系绳被碎片割断的概率,分析了太空碎片对系绳生存能力可能造成的影响.双股系绳是由两条平行系绳每隔一段距离打结连接构成,带状系绳可视为一种横截面为矩形的特殊单股系绳.首先对单股系绳被碎片割断的概率进行建模,然后构建双股系绳和带状系绳生存能力函数,最后根据空间碎片环境模型,对比分析具有不同结构、不同尺寸的系绳的生存能力.仿真结果表明,相较于单股系绳,双股系绳和带状系绳的生存能力有明显提高.   相似文献   

12.
The space debris environment is one of the major threats against payloads. Space debris orbital distribution is of great importance for space debris environment modeling. Due to perturbation factors, the Right Ascension of Ascending Node (RAAN) of space objects changes consistently, causing regular rotation of the orbit plane around Earth’s axis. Based on the investigation of the RAAN perturbation rate of concerned objects, this paper proposes a RAAN discretization method in order to present the space debris longitude-dependent distribution. Combined with two line element (TLE) data provided by the US Space Surveillance Network, the estimated value from RAAN discretization method is compared with the real case. The results suggest that using only the initial orbital data at the beginning of the time interval of interest, the RAAN discretization method is able to provide reliable longitude distribution of concerned targets in the next following period. Furthermore, spacecraft cumulative flux against space debris is calculated in this paper. The results suggest that the relevance between spacecraft RAAN setup and flux output is much smaller for LEO targets than MEO targets, which corresponds with the theory analysis. Since the nonspherical perturbation is the major factor for RAAN variation, the RAAN perturbation rate has little connection with the size of orbital objects. In other words, the RAAN discretization method introduced in this paper also applies to space debris of different size range, proposing a possible suggestion for the improvement of space debris environment engineering models.  相似文献   

13.
In reviewing discussions of future directions for space activity, it becomes obvious that there are a large number of groups formulating a wide diversity of plans for the future use of space. These plan alternatives are being made to account for user needs, technology development constraints, economic constraints, and launch support, and each of the plans will have direct or indirect effects on the orbital debris environment in terms of mass to orbit, deposition of operational debris, and control of accidental breakups. Thus it is important to develop the ability to project future debris states for a range of possible space traffic scenarios. The impact that these possible traffic environments would have on space operations forms the basis for studies of alternative options for the usage of space. In this paper, the effects on the orbital debris environment of a base-line mission model and two alternatives are investigated, using a numerical debris environment simulation code under development at JSC.  相似文献   

14.
Large-scale distributed space surveillance radar is a very important ground-based equipment to maintain a complete catalogue for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) space debris. However, due to the thousands of kilometers distance between each sites of the distributed radar system, how to optimally implement the Transmitting/Receiving (T/R) beams alignment in a great space using the narrow beam, which proposed a special and considerable technical challenge in the space surveillance area. According to the common coordinate transformation model and the radar beam space model, we presented a two dimensional projection algorithm for T/R beam using the direction angles, which could visually describe and assess the beam alignment performance. Subsequently, the optimal mathematical models for the orientation angle of the antenna array, the site location and the T/R beam coverage are constructed, and also the beam alignment parameters are precisely solved. At last, we conducted the optimal beam alignment experiments base on the site parameters of Air Force Space Surveillance System (AFSSS). The simulation results demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of our novel method, which can significantly stimulate the construction for the LEO space debris surveillance equipment.  相似文献   

15.
A key requirement for accurate trajectory prediction and space situational awareness is knowledge of how non-conservative forces affect space object motion. These forces vary temporally and spatially, and are driven by the underlying behavior of space weather particularly in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Existing trajectory prediction algorithms adjust space weather models based on calibration satellite observations. However, lack of sufficient data and mismodeling of non-conservative forces cause inaccuracies in space object motion prediction, especially for uncontrolled debris objects. The uncontrolled nature of debris objects makes them particularly sensitive to the variations in space weather. Our research takes advantage of this behavior by utilizing observations of debris objects to infer the space environment parameters influencing their motion.The hypothesis of this research is that it is possible to utilize debris objects as passive, indirect sensors of the space environment. We focus on estimating atmospheric density and its spatial variability to allow for more precise prediction of LEO object motion. The estimated density is parameterized as a grid of values, distributed by latitude and local sidereal time over a spherical shell encompassing Earth at a fixed altitude of 400 km. The position and velocity of each debris object are also estimated. A Partially Orthogonal Ensemble Kalman Filter (POEnKF) is used for assimilation of space object measurements to estimate density.For performance comparison, the scenario characteristics (number of objects, measurement cadence, etc.) are based on a sensor tasking campaign executed for the High Accuracy Satellite Drag Model project. The POEnKF analysis details spatial comparisons between the true and estimated density fields, and quantifies the improved accuracy in debris object motion predictions due to more accurate drag force models from density estimates. It is shown that there is an advantage to utilizing multiple debris objects instead of just one object. Although the work presented here explores the POEnKF performance when using information from only 16 debris objects, the research vision is to utilize information from all routinely observed debris objects. Overall, the filter demonstrates the ability to estimate density to within a threshold of accuracy dependent on measurement/sensor error. In the case of a geomagnetic storm, the filter is able to track the storm and provide more accurate density estimates than would be achieved using a simple exponential atmospheric density model or MSIS Atmospheric Model (when calm conditions are assumed).  相似文献   

16.
给出一种基于实验和理论分析的航天器碎片防护结构简化设计方法,该方法可用于进行大型空间飞行器碎片防护结构的方案选择和初步结构设计,利用空间碎片的工程环境模型和防护结构几何经验公式,采用“设计碎片”的概念,对防护结构进行几何结构设计和质量估算,并采用改进的防护性能验证算法进行空间碎片的风险评估,通过对惠式防护结构的计算,得到的计算结果基本符合实际要求。  相似文献   

17.
空间碎片预警中的碰撞概率方法研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
由于空间碎片对飞行在地球轨道上的航天器危害日益严重,所以必须采取一些有效的防护措施,对于那些直径大于10cm的碎片,通常是采用主动规避的方法来进行防护.为了避免传统的Box判据造成的过多错误预警,碰撞概率模型开始被应用于空间碎片预警,本文以空间站为例,将碰撞概率方法与传统Box区域判定法进行比较,介绍碰撞概率计算模型的建立方法,基于位置误差矩阵的碰撞概率P_c的算法,并针对实际交会事例进行了计算和分析.  相似文献   

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