共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
N Al-Ajmi I P Braidman D Moore 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,17(6-7):189-192
We have investigated the effect of changes in the gravity vector on osteoblast behaviour, using the clinostat set at 8 rpm. Two sources of osteoblasts were used: secondary cultures of fetal rat bone cells, and the rat osteosarcoma line 17/2.8 (ROS). Cell number was determined by incubation with 3-(4,dimethyl-2yl)-2,3 diphenyl) tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and measurement of optical density at 570 nm (OD). Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected by standard cytochemical methods. Dividing cells were localised by labelling dividing nuclei with Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), detected by immunofluorescence. Cell culture was initiated at densities between 1-4x10(4) cells ml-1. Growth rates in all cultures during the first 48 hours exposure to clinostat rotation were less than in stationary controls. After 3 days, ROS cell numbers were 35% lower, and calvarial cells 39% lower than their respective controls. Alkaline phosphatase activity in calvarial control cultures was uniformly present in characteristically polygonal cells, but after culture in the clinostat the enzyme was present sporadically, and the cells were cuboid. There was also no BrdU uptake in nuclei, but it was present in cell cytoplasms. We conclude that the clinostat decreases cell numbers and cell division. Both cell shape and the distribution of alkaline phosphatase activity in calvarial cell cultures were also affected. This implies that changes in the gravity vector can affect osteoblasts directly, without interaction with other cell types. 相似文献
2.
Zong-Chun Yi Bing XiaMing Xue Guang-Yao ZhangHong Wang Hui-Min ZhouYan Sun Feng-Yuan Zhuang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2009
Astronauts and experimental animals in space develop the anemia of space flight, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the impact of simulated microgravity on proliferation, cell death, cell cycle progress and cytoskeleton of erythroid progenitor-like K562 leukemia cells was observed. K562 cells were cultured in NASA Rotary Cell Culture System (RCCS) that was used to simulate microgravity (at 15 rpm). After culture for 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h, the cell densities cultured in RCCS were only 55.5%, 54.3%, 67.2% and 66.4% of the flask-cultured control cells, respectively. The percentages of trypan blue-stained dead cells and the percentages of apoptotic cells demonstrated no difference between RCCS-cultured cells and flask-cultured cells at every time points (from 12 h to 96 h). Compared with flask-cultured cells, RCCS culture induced an accumulation of cell number at S phase concomitant with a decrease at G0/G1 and G2/M phases at 12 h. But 12 h later (from 24 h to 60 h), the distribution of cell cycle phases in RCCS-cultured cells became no difference compared to flask-cultured cells. Consistent with the changes of cell cycle distribution, the levels of intercellular cyclins in RCCS-cultured cells changed at 12 h, including a decrease in cyclin A, and the increasing in cyclin B, D1 and E, and then (from 24 h to 36 h) began to restore to control levels. After RCCS culture for 12–36 h, the microfilaments showed uneven and clustered distribution, and the microtubules were highly disorganized. These results indicated that RCCS-simulated microgravity could induce a transient inhibition of proliferation, but not result in apoptosis, which could involve in the development of space flight anemia. K562 cells could be a useful model to research the effects of microgravity on differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells. 相似文献
3.
Li-xue Zou Shao-yan CuiJian Zhong Zong-chun YiYan Sun Yu-bo FanFeng-yuan Zhuang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2010
Hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation can be alternated on either spaceflight or under simulated microgravity experiments on the ground; however, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. In the present study, we have demonstrated that exposure of human erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent leukemia cell line UT-7/EPO cells to conditions of simulated microgravity with a rotary culture instrument significantly inhibited the cellular proliferation rate. Adding higher concentrations of EPO to the culture medium failed to improve the inhibitory status. Cell apoptosis was detected by fluorescence staining of cell nuclei and a flow cytometry assay using Annexin V/PI double staining. This microgravity-induced apoptosis in UT-7/EPO cells could be blocked by a pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Immunoblotting demonstrated that rotary culture resulted in a reduction of the expression of Bcl-xL, an anti-apoptotic protein, and the cleavage of caspase-3. Furthermore, rotary culture reduced surface localization and protein content, as well as the mRNA expression of erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) of UT-7/EPO. Take together, the findings indicated that simulated microgravity may induce mitochondrial related apoptosis of UT-7/EPO cell through depressing the EPO–EPOR pathway. 相似文献
4.
研究了采用碰撞的方式进行小行星防御的动力学问题。采用多面体模型来建立小行星的外形模型,以碎石堆模型来建立小行星的结构模型,计算了小行星受到与其密度和材质相同的球体高速碰撞过程和碰撞后的碎石分布。计算过程在考虑了小行星与碰撞球体的接触形变以及小行星内部组成碎石堆的接触形变条件下,计算了碎石堆内部的相互引力、法向接触力、切向静摩擦力、切向动摩擦力和滚动摩擦力矩。以小行星101955 Bennu(中文名贝努)为对象计算了潜在威胁小行星的碰撞防御过程的动力学行为。结果显示:采用高速碰撞的方法进行小行星防御可以有效地将小行星撞成大量碎小的石块,且该方法具有核爆的方法不可比拟的优势,即对空间环境无污染。 相似文献
5.
窄板拉弯成形的数值分析与回弹计算 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
杜颂 《北京航空航天大学学报》2004,30(9):863-867
在考虑加载历史的情况下,为采用数值方法研究窄板拉弯成形,将变形区划分成若干个单元,按塑性变形体积不变条件,确定单元应变.利用增量理论,由差分方程算出应力分布,并分析了加载历史对其影响.依据卸载变形的分析计算,推导出回弹后中性层弯曲半径及弯曲角变化量的计算公式.计算结果表明,先弯曲再拉伸时应力分布规律更利于减小回弹. 相似文献
6.
两杆纵向非线性弹性碰撞的瞬间响应 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
邢誉峰 《北京航空航天大学学报》1998,24(1):39-42
把处于弹性碰撞接触状态下的两个杆件看作是一个振动体系,此弹性碰撞问题被转化成该碰撞体系在碰撞杆具有初始扰动速度下的振动响应问题,于是将此碰撞问题的分析纳入了常规的振动分析范畴.论文给出了该非线性弹性碰撞问题的描述方法,给出了一种考虑非线性Hertz弹性接触变形的线性化方法和详细的实现步骤,给出了该碰撞问题在不考虑接触变形和考虑线弹性接触变形两种情况的解析解,数值分析结果验证了上述分析方法的可行性和正确性. 相似文献
跨声速副翼效率一直是静弹分析领域的热点和难点问题之一。目前,基于计算流体力学(CFD)/计算结构动力学(CSD)耦合的高精度静弹分析方法用于此类问题时还存在网格变形鲁棒性以及分析结果缺乏有效验证等问题。针对上述问题,提出了基于虚拟网格及虚拟位移的网格变形方法,对于迭代中出现的非物理振荡、非一致收敛问题,采用了松弛迭代以及部件载荷综合残差收敛方法。基于上述方法,分析了某型战斗机的跨声速(Ma=0.95)副翼效率,给出了静弹变形对翼面激波位置、激波强度、压力分布的影响以及副翼效率的弹性修正系数。为验证分析结果,开展了静弹试飞辨识,两者吻合良好,表明本文所提方法可以满足复杂构型跨声速副翼效率高精度静弹分析的需求,对于提高静弹工程设计能力具有重要意义。 相似文献
8.
Simulated microgravity does not alter epithelial cell adhesion to matrix and other molecules. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J M Jessup K Brown S Ishii R Ford T J Goodwin G Spaulding 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1994,14(8):71-76
Microgravity has advantages for the cultivation of tissues with high fidelity; however, tissue formation requires cellular recognition and adhesion. We tested the hypothesis that simulated microgravity does not affect cell adhesion. Human colorectal carcinoma cells were cultured in the NASA Rotating Wall Vessel (RWV) under low shear stress with randomization of the gravity vector that simulates microgravity. After 6-7 days, cells were assayed for binding to various substrates and compared to cells grown in standard tissue culture flasks and static suspension cultures. The RWV cultures bound as well to basement membrane proteins and to CEA, an intercellular adhesion molecule, as control cultures did. Thus, microgravity does not alter epithelial cell adhesion and may be useful for tissue engineering. 相似文献
9.
A Sato T Hamazaki T Oomura H Osada M Kakeya M Watanabe T Nakamura Y Nakamura N Koshikawa I Yoshizaki S Aizawa S Yoda A Ogiso M Takaoki Y Kohno H Tanaka 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1999,24(6):807-813
The paper summarizes the data on proliferation and gravity-related gene expression of osteoblasts that were obtained from an experiment conducted under simulated and real microgravity conditions. Simulated microgravity conditions obtained in a clinostat depress proliferation of both osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 and HeLa carcinoma cells. This depression of proliferation occurs in a collagen gel culture in which the flow of culture medium by rotation may be reduced. Interestingly, MC3T3-E1 cells which are probably one of target cells to microgravity are more sensitive than the HeLa cells. Simulated microgravity inhibited the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced c-fos gene expression in the MC3T3-El cells. To examine in detail the effect of real microgravity on the EGF signal transduction cascade in osteoblasts, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the Cell Culture Experiment Module of the sounding rocket TR-1A6. The EGF-induced c-fos expression in cells was depressed under short-term microgravity conditions in the sounding rocket, while the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was not affected compared with the controls grown on the ground. These results suggest that an action site of microgravity in the signal transduction pathway may be downstream of MAPK. 相似文献
10.
G Taucher-Scholz J Heilmann G Kraft 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1996,18(1-2):83-92
DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the crucial events ultimately leading to cell inactivation. Aimed at understanding the biological action of the charged particle component of cosmic radiation, the induction of DSBs and their repairability was evaluated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells after exposure to accelerated particles. Irradiations were performed with various ion species including O, Ni and Ca, covering a LET range from 20 to 2000 keV/micrometer. DSBs were determined for plateau-phase cells using the electrophoretic elution of radiation-induced DNA fragments in a static electric field combined with fluorescence scanning of ethidium bromide stained gels. Assuming a DSB yield of 22 DSB per Gy per cell, as derived from X-irradiation, cross-sections for DSB production were calculated from the corresponding fluence-effect curves at a fraction of 0.7 of DNA retained. The same ordinate was used as a reference for the calculation of relative biological efficiency (RBE) for DSB induction. At low LETs (< or = 20 keV/micrometer) RBE values slightly above unity were obtained, but a decrease of RBE was observed with increasing LET. In the region of 100-200 keV/micrometer the RBE for initial DSB induction was clearly below unity. Rejoining of DSBs was assessed by measuring the fraction of DNA retained following post-irradiation incubation of cells under culture conditions. After exposure to Ca ions, DSB rejoining was considerably impaired compared to X-rays. 相似文献
11.
R Lee E Nasonova S Ritter 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2005,35(2):268-275
In the present paper the relationship between cell cycle delays induced by Fe-ions of differing LET and the aberration yield observable in human lymphocytes at mitosis was examined. Cells of the same donor were irradiated with 990 MeV/n Fe-ions (LET=155 keV/micrometers), 200 MeV/n Fe-ions (LET=440 keV/micrometers) and X-rays and aberrations were measured in first cycle mitoses harvested at different times after 48-84 h in culture and in prematurely condensed G2-cells (PCCs) collected at 48 h using calyculin A. Analysis of the time-course of chromosomal damage in first cycle metaphases revealed that the aberration frequency was similar after X-ray irradiation, but increased two and seven fold after exposure to 990 and 200 MeV/n Fe-ions, respectively. Consequently, RBEs derived from late sampling times were significantly higher than those obtained at early times. The PCC-data suggest that the delayed entry of heavily damaged cells into mitosis results especially from a prolonged arrest in G2. Preliminary data obtained for 4.1 MeV/n Cr-ions (LET=3160 keV/micrometers) revealed, that these delays are even more pronounced for low energy Fe-like particles. Additionally, for the different radiation qualities, BrdU-labeling indices and apoptotic indices were determined at several time-points. Only the exposure to low energy Fe-like particles affected the entry of lymphocytes into S-phase and generated a significant apoptotic response indicating that under this particular exposure condition a large proportion of heavily damaged cells is rapidly eliminated from the cell population. The significance of this observation for the estimation of the health risk associated with space radiation remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
12.
M P Hagan E V Holahan E J Ainsworth 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》1986,6(11):201-211
Murine marrow stem cells assayed with the spleen colony assay have been shown to be largely in a noncycling state, Go. In the unirradiated animal where these spleen-colony forming units (CFUs) transit normally between a non-proliferative state and active proliferation, exposure to a sufficient dose of ionizing radiation increases the frequency (probability) of this transition. For low-LET irradiation, marrow stem cells are not induced into cycle until a threshold dose is achieved. This dose appears to be in the range 50 to 100 cGy, inducing proliferation in an all-or-nothing manner. For irradiation with heavy charged-particles, however, the threshold dose is dependent on mass and energy. Irradiation with particles of sufficient mass and energy stimulates active proliferation even at the smallest doses tested, 5 cGy. Further, this response does not appear to result from an all-or-nothing effect. Rather, individual animals with intermediate levels of stem cell cycling have been observed. These data support the notion that locally controlled hemopoiesis can be affected by local deposition of radiation damage. 相似文献
13.
为了进一步提高金属蜗杆与塑料斜齿轮传动中塑料齿轮的承载能力,研究了传统等齿距蜗杆与斜齿轮啮合传动时受力的特点,提出了蜗杆与斜齿轮不等齿距啮合方法。基于梁弯曲理论和轮齿变形理论,得到了齿面载荷、变形及接触刚度的关系,并以轮齿齿根弯曲变形率相等为前提,推导了不等齿距啮合的设计方法,得到了不等齿距啮合时蜗杆的齿距调整量,通过静态强度实验进行了验证。实验结果表明:不等齿距设计可以使塑料斜齿轮的承载能力提高13.69%。 相似文献
14.
Hong-xia Zheng Wei-ming Tian Hong-ji Yan Hua-dong Jiang Shan-shan Liu Lei Yue Fang Han Li-jun Wei Xiong-biao Chen Yu Li 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2012
This study investigated intracellular oxidative stress and its underlying mechanisms in a rotary cell culture system used to achieve a simulated microgravity (SMG) environment. Experiments were conducted with human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 (an estrogen receptor (ER) α positive cell line) and MDA-MB-231 (an ERα negative cell line) encapsulated in alginate/collagen carriers. After 48 h, SMG led to oxidative stress and DNA damage in the MDA-MB-231 cells but a significant increase in mitochondrial activity and minimal DNA damage in the MCF-7 cells. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly increased in the MCF-7 cells and decreased in MDA-MB-231 cells in the SMG environment compared with a standard gravity control. Moreover, SMG promoted expression of ERα and protein kinase C (PKC) epsilon in MCF-7 cells treated with PKC inhibitor Gö6983. Overall, exposure to SMG increased mitochondrial activity in ERα positive cells but induced cellular oxidative damage in ERα negative cells. Thus, ERα may play an important role in protecting cells from oxidative stress damage under simulated microgravity. 相似文献
15.
Li-xue Zou Shao-yan CuiJian Zhong Zong-chun YiYan Sun Yu-bo FanFeng-yuan Zhuang 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation can be altered in either spaceflight or under simulated microgravity experiments on the ground, however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Our previous study showed that exposure of the human erythropoietin (EPO)-dependent leukemia cell line UT-7/EPO to conditions of simulated microgravity significantly inhibited the cellular proliferation rate and induced cell apoptosis. We postulated that the downregulation of the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR) expression in UT-7/EPO cells under simulated microgravity may be a possible reason for microgravity triggered apoptosis. In this paper, a human EPOR gene was transferred into UT-7/EPO cells and the resulting expression of EPOR on the surface of UT-7/EPO cells increased approximately 61% (p < 0.05) as selected by the antibiotic G418. It was also shown through cytometry assays and morphological observations that microgravity-induced apoptosis markedly decreased in these UT-7/EPO–EPOR cells. Thus, we concluded that upregulation of EPOR in UT-7/EPO cells could inhibit the simulated microgravity-induced cell apoptosis in this EPO dependent cell line. 相似文献