YODA++: A proposal for a semi-automatic space mission control

YODA++ is a proposal for a semi-automated data handling and analysis system for the PAMELA space experiment. The core of the routines have been developed to process a stream of raw data downlinked from the Resurs DK1 satellite (housing PAMELA) to the ground station in Moscow. Raw data consist of scientific data and are complemented by housekeeping information. Housekeeping information will be analyzed within a short time from download (1 h) in order to monitor the status of the experiment and to foreseen the mission acquisition planning. A prototype for the data visualization will run on an APACHE TOMCAT web application server, providing an off-line analysis tool using a browser and part of code for the system maintenance. Data retrieving development is in production phase, while a GUI interface for human friendly monitoring is on preliminary phase as well as a JavaServerPages/JavaServerFaces (JSP/JSF) web application facility. On a longer timescale (1–3 h from download) scientific data are analyzed. The data storage core will be a mix of CERNs ROOT files structure and MySQL as a relational database. YODA++ is currently being used in the integration and testing on ground of PAMELA data.     

Space qualification tests of the PAMELA instrument

PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment which will measure the antiparticle component of cosmic rays over an extended energy range and with unprecedented accuracy. The apparatus consists of a permanent magnetic spectrometer equipped with a double-sided silicon microstrip tracking system and surrounded by a scintillator anticoincidence system. A silicon–tungsten imaging calorimeter, complemented by a scintillator shower tail catcher, and a transition radiation detector perform the particle identification task. Fast scintillators are used for Time-of-Flight measurements and to provide the primary trigger. A neutron detector is finally provided to extend the range of particle measurements to the TeV region.PAMELA will fly on-board of the Resurs-DK1 satellite, which will be put into a semi-polar orbit in 2005 by a Soyuz rocket. We give a brief review of the scientific issues of the mission and report about the status of the experiment few months before the launch.     

Cosmic-ray observations of the heliosphere with the PAMELA experiment

The PAMELA experiment is a multi-purpose apparatus built around a permanent magnet spectrometer, with the main goal of studying in detail the antiparticle component of cosmic rays. The apparatus will be carried in space by means of a Russian satellite, due to launch in 2005, for a three year-long mission. The characteristics of the detectors composing the instrument, alongside the long lifetime of the mission and the orbital characteristics of the satellite, will allow to address several items of cosmic-ray physics. In this paper, we will focus on the solar and heliospheric observation capabilities of PAMELA.     

Detection of the high energy component of Jovian electrons in Low Earth Orbit with the PAMELA experiment

The PAMELA experiment is devoted to the study of cosmic rays in Low Earth Orbit with an apparatus optimized to perform a precise determination of the galactic antimatter component of c.r. It is constituted by a number of detectors built around a permanent magnet spectrometer. PAMELA was launched in space on June 15th 2006 on board the Russian Resurs-DK1 satellite for a mission duration of 3 years. The characteristics of the detectors, the long lifetime and the orbit of the satellite, will allow to address several aspects of cosmic-ray physics. In this work we discuss the observational capabilities of PAMELA to detect the electron component above 50 MeV. The magnetic spectrometer allows a detailed measurement of the energy spectrum of electrons of galactic and Jovian origin. Long term measurements and correlations with Earth–Jupiter 13 months synodic period will allow to separate these two contributions and to measure the primary electron Jovian component, dominant in the 50–70 MeV energy range. With this technique it will also be possible to study the contribution to the electron spectrum of Jovian e⁻ reaccelerated up to 2 GeV at the Solar Wind Termination Shock.     

高轨卫星星载计算机优化设计与实现

首先对当前星载计算机系统在高轨卫星领域的应用现状进行了分析，主要涉及处理器最小系统的存储器设计、数据共享及总线协议设计等。针对上述3个方面存在的不足，提出了处理器最小系统存储器优化设计方案，解决了存储器应用与选型的困境；采用“存储器+FPGA电路”的设计方法，实现了主备机数据共享；提出了一种自适应总线协议设计方法，解决了1553B总线协议通用性较差等问题。提出的设计方法，在中国下一代大容量通信卫星平台的星务计算机系统中得以应用，并取得了较好的效果，为星载计算机系统后续优化设计工作提供了新的思路。     

PAMELA observational capabilities of Jovian electrons

PAMELA is a satellite-borne experiment that has been launched on June 15th, 2006. It is designed to make long duration measurements of cosmic radiation over an extended energy range. Specifically, PAMELA is able to measure the cosmic ray antiproton and positron spectra over the largest energy range ever achieved and will search for antinuclei with unprecedented sensitivity. Furthermore, it will measure the light nuclear component of cosmic rays and investigate phenomena connected with solar and earth physics. The apparatus consists of: a time of flight system, a magnetic spectrometer, an electromagnetic imaging calorimeter, a shower tail catcher scintillator, a neutron detector and an anticoincidence system. In this work a study of the PAMELA capabilities to detect electrons is presented. The Jovian magnetosphere is a powerful accelerator of electrons up to several tens of MeV as observed at first by Pioneer 10 spacecraft (1973). The propagation of Jovian electrons to Earth is affected by modulation due to Corotating Interaction Regions (CIR). Their flux at Earth is, moreover, modulated because every 13 months Earth and Jupiter are aligned along the average direction of the Parker spiral of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field.PAMELA will be able to measure the high energy tail of the Jovian electrons in the energy range from 50 up to 130 MeV. Moreover, it will be possible to extract the Jovian component reaccelerated at the solar wind termination shock (above 130 MeV up to 2 GeV) from the galactic flux.     

基于DeviceNet总线的双CPU冗余实现

介绍了一种基于DeviceNet现场总线的双CPU冗余实现,双CPU冗余设计对提高分布式计算系统(DCS,Distributed Computer System)可靠性有重要意义.两个CPU处理单元与多个数据I/O单元通过一个现场总线连接,CPU处理单元中运行的DeviceNet客户机和服务器程序实现两个处理器单元之间的数据同步及对各个数据I/O单元的冗余控制.当主CPU单元发生严重故障停止运行时,从CPU单元中运行的伪组2客户机程序帮助从CPU单元快速完成主从切换,在不到8 ms的时间内接管整个系统.该研究应用于某专用DCS系统过程控制站的设计中,提高了系统的可靠性.     

卫星载荷1553B总线数据接口的设计与实现CSCD

卫星载荷总线数据流接口的实现对于卫星载荷数据流的传输体制能否正常工作起着关键性的作用,设计合理的数据流管理方案对于卫星载荷之间的正常通信至关重要。MIL-STD-1553B总线数据传输速率高,实时性好,具有合理的差错控制措施和特有的方式命令,适合星上大数据量的传输任务和特定环境的需求。本文使用龙芯配置卫星载荷1553B总线的工作模式,合理设计载荷数据流的传输形式,实现卫星载荷1553B总线的数据流接口。测试结果表明,数据接口可靠性高,实际应用效果好,满足卫星上的通信设计要求。     

萤火一号探测器有效载荷数据管理器设计

针对萤火一号探测器各有效载荷的需求设计出安全、可靠的载荷数据管理器(PDHU), 实现对其 进行数据采集、处理、存储以及供配电等; PDHU提供操作系统, 便于应用软件的 开发; 针对火星探测的实际情况, 对地通信采用无交错的RS码加卷积码的级连编码方式进行信道编码.      

VXI总线测试系统及其总线控制方法

讨论了VXI总线测试系统设计的一般步骤 ,同时对VXI总线系统的几种控制方式进行了比较。在工程中 ,系统控制方法的选择必须根据被测对象的测试需求、数据传输速度及系统体积等因素综合考虑确定     

基于CAN总线的控制系统地面仿真测试平台研究

针对采用CAN总线进行数据传输的小卫星和运载火箭控制系统开展地面仿真测试评估研究。基于CAN总线和以太网构成总线网络,构建卫星和运载火箭控制系统地面仿真测试评估平台,给出总线上各仿真节点和实物节点的软硬件设计方案,设计了机内测试模拟方案。仿真验证分析表明,利用该平台可以对卫星和运载火箭控制系统信号、总线运行情况、控制周期和网络时延等进行正确分析,为卫星和运载火箭控制系统方案评估、控制方法和快速测试方法研究等提供理论依据和技术支持。     

A hard X-ray experiment for long-duration balloon flights

The Naval Research Lab has developed a balloon-borne hard X-ray experiment which is designed for 60- to 90-day flight durations soon to be available with around the world Sky Anchor or RACOON balloon flights. The experiment's scintillation detector is sensitive to the 15 – 250 keV X-ray energy range. The experiment includes three microcomputer systems which control the data acquisition and provide the orientation and navigation information required for global balloon flights. The data system supports global data communications utilizing the GOES satellite as well as high bit rate communications through L-band li line-of-site transmissions     

多通路激光火工品等效测量装置设计

激光火工品起爆系统的功能完整性影响着火工品的正常起爆。为了检测起爆系统的完整性,设计了一款以FPGA为核心的多通道激光火工品等效测量装置。该装置利用光电转换电路、放大滤波电路、A/D采样电路以及双SDRAM存储机制对每个通路的起爆激光功率进行连续采样,并通过板载CPCI总线与上位机完成控制指令和数据交换。试验表明,该装置激光功率采样精度和时序采样精度均满足设计要求,系统设计方案可行。     

气象卫星的现况和发展

<正> 一、引言自从1960年发射第一颗气象卫星以来已经25年了。这25年来气象卫星技术及其应用都有了很大发展,在全球天气预报、灾害性天气监视、海洋和水文环境监测、农业和交通中起了越来越重要的作用。气象卫星的功能可以大致概括为: (一)利用遥感探测仪器对卫星下垫面进行探测。探测器主要有两类:一类是成象仪     

Particle and optical measurements aboard the Aureol 3 spacecraft (ARCAD 3 project): A — The particle experiments B — Optical measurements

The CESR Toulouse - IKI Moscow particle instrument package aboard the AUREOL-3 satellite consists of a complete set of charged particle spectrometers which measure electron and ion fluxes from 15 eV to 25 keV in 128 steps and in 11 directions. In addition, 4 channel spectrometers (2 electron and 2 ion channels in parallel) allow high time resolution measurements (up to 10 msec) with onboard calculation of auto and cross correlation functions. For higher energies (40 – 280 keV), solid-state spectrometers are used to measure electron and proton fluxes in 4 channels in parallel. In addition, two Geiger counters are used for the determination of the trapping boundaries. Two mass-energy ion spectrometers (1 to 32 A.M.U., 0.02 – 15 keV) are placed with viewing angles which allow a distinction between nearly isotropic auroral proton precipitation and conical beams accelerated in the auroral ionosphere. Auroral and airglow photometry is performed aboard the AUREOL-3 satellite by a set of 3 parallel directed photometers with tiltable interference filters for 6300 Å, 4278 Å and Doppler shifte H_β emissions. Various modes of energy, angular and mass scanning, correlation function calculation and various Soviet and French telemetry regimes provide the possibility of choosing the sequences of measurements according to particular experimental programs along the orbit. Finally, examples of data from inflight measurements using the above instruments are presented and briefly discussed, showing several interesting features.     

最小数据丢失量的地月中继卫星任务调度研究

月球背面的探测器必须依靠地月中继卫星进行数据传输与通信。地月中继任务包括实时性任务和延迟容忍类任务，如数传任务。当探测器等待传输的数据量超出用户存储容量时，延迟容忍类任务会由于探测器本地存储资源不足和地月中继卫星天线资源受限而无法完成，导致任务数据丢失，所以需要设计一种合理的地月中继任务调度策略，提高地月中继卫星的资源利用率，减少数据的丢失。对地月中继卫星任务调度进行了研究，在分析地月中继卫星数传任务的特点及用户的存储限制的基础上，以最小化数据丢失量为优化目标，建立了地月中继卫星任务调度模型，并设计了一种基于离散烟花算法（DFWA）的地月中继卫星任务调度算法。仿真数据分析表明，基于离散烟花算法的地月中继卫星任务调度算法在求解结果上优于遗传算法，是一种合理、有效的调度方法。     

热电致冷器和毛细泵驱动的小型热公用回路

适合卫星应用的小型热公用回路,可以实现发热设备在星内立体布局,摆脱对散热面的依赖,使卫星的集成度提高,满足大型有效载荷按功能集成后的散热需要。用毛细泵代替机械泵,可以实现无运动部件的高可靠、长寿命、适合卫星应用的小型两相热公用回路。该回路需要对毛细泵主动加热促使工质流动,需要消耗一定的功率。如何降低毛细泵的功耗,是毛细泵驱动的热公用回路实用化的关键。理论和实验证明,热电致冷器在小温差下有较高的热泵系数,用热电致冷器加热毛细泵比直接电加热更经济。     

星载子网1553B总线数据传输与管理

卫星正常运行要求星载子网的数据传输管理需具备可靠性、安全性与实时性,能够在规定的时间内完成传输任务,因此需要设计一种合理的数据传输管理方案来满足要求。考虑到1553B总线的数据传输具备速率高、可靠性好和实时性强等优点,选取1553B总线作为星载子网的数据总线,并提出了一种适用的数据传输管理方案。方案合理设计了星载子网的消息结构、消息种类、组网方式、消息传输机制、消息传输流程、消息传输时隙等。最后通过搭建测试平台对传输管理方案进行测试,测试结果表明此方案传输速率高、误码率低、实时性强,可以满足要求。     

星载子网1553B总线数据传输与管理

卫星正常运行要求星载子网的数据传输管理需具备可靠性、安全性与实时性，能够在规定的时间内完成传输任务，因此需要设计一种合理的数据传输管理方案来满足要求。考虑到1553B总线的数据传输具备速率高、可靠性好和实时性强等优点，选取1553B总线作为星载子网的数据总线，并提出了一种适用的数据传输管理方案。方案合理设计了星载子网的消息结构、消息种类、组网方式、消息传输机制、消息传输流程、消息传输时隙等。最后通过搭建测试平台对传输管理方案进行测试，测试结果表明此方案传输速率高、误码率低、实时性强，可以满足要求。