GPS自主式完整性检测技术研究

证明了GPS(Global Positioning System) RAIM(Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring)两种算法:奇偶空间法和残差最小二乘法在数学上是等价的.提出了一种新的GPS RAIM算法,并进行了仿真实验.研究结果表明,该算法具有可用性高、漏警率低,故障检测灵敏等优点,满足了高精度、高可靠性的制导要求.研究了可见星较少时,采用气压高度表辅助、接收GLONASS(GLObal NAvigation Satellite System)信号等实现RAIM的方法,并进行了仿真验证.      

BDS/GPS组合导航接收机自主完好性监测算法

为使接收机自主完好性监测（RAIM）技术应用于民航垂直引导进近（APV）飞行阶段成为可能,研究了BDS/GPS组合导航RAIM算法。提出了一种基于BDS/GPS定位解最优加权平均解的算法,结合最优加权平均解与BDS/GPS定位解的关系建立检验统计量,根据最大允许的虚警率计算检验门限,实现对故障所在卫星导航系统的检测,并采用加权最小二乘残差法对故障进行检测与识别。研究结果对多星座组合卫星导航系统应用于民航APV飞行阶段的导航具有一定的参考意义。      

一种地基GNSS接收机差分码偏差估算方法

GNSS不同频点间的码伪距作差会引入信号的差分码偏差(DCB),包括GNSS卫星及地面接收机的DCB.本文提出一种地基GNSS接收机差分码偏差参数估算方法,首先由电离层文件参数作线性插值,计算出电离层延迟误差.之后对IGS站观测文件进行加权最小二乘法估计,得到GPS卫星和地面GNSS接收机的L1C频点和L2P频点间码偏...     

GNSS信号模拟器通道群时延标定方法

传统的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)信号模拟器通道群时延标定方法有相位翻转点法和相关峰法两种,两者均在零伪距或固定伪距的特殊仿真场景下进行测量,且在通道传输特性非理想的情况下测得的群时延均存在偏差.提出了基于闭环伪距测量的模拟器通道群时延标定方法,并设计实现了GNSS信号模拟器通道群时延标定系统.首先,采用高速直接射频采样存储系统对模拟器正常星座动态仿真场景下输出的导航信号和秒脉冲(1 PPS)信号同时进行记录.其次,使用软件接收机对信号进行捕获跟踪,利用三次样条插值判定1 PPS上升沿位置作为伪距观测历元时刻,对软件接收机的伪距观测量和模拟器仿真的伪距记录值做数据比对,得到模拟器的群时延标定值.最后,分别利用上述方法对两种商用模拟器的群时延进行了标定,实验结果表明,闭环伪距测量法有效可行,测量不确定度优于0.7 ns.      

辅助式GPS接收机信号发射时间恢复算法研究

当GPS接收机无法进行位同步、帧同步以及导航电文解调时, GPS接收机无法恢复卫星信号发射时间. 为解决该问题, 对基于迭代最小二乘的发射时间恢复算法进行了研究, 利用辅助GPS接收机中无线通信网络提供的卫星星历、卫星修正参数等辅助信息, 结合信号发射时间模糊度的遍历搜索, 完成了信号发射时间的恢复. 详细讨论了算法及其成立条件, 给出算法流程, 并推导出搜索因子的不同选取方案, 使该算法对接收机初始位置误差(150km)和初始时间误差(180s)没有限制. 通过仿真验证了算法的有效性.      

差分改正数的更新率对定位精度的影响分析

介绍了GPS(Global Positioning System)定位的误差来源及差分的具体形式,描述了伪距定位及伪距差分定位的数学模型.分析了差分修正后的用户伪距残差和SA(Selective Availability)信号的关系,并从SA的时间相关特性出发,分析了伪距差分中差分改正数的更新率对定位精度的影响.最后,利用RTCM SC 104格式的电文1进行了不同更新率的实验,得出了具有实践意义的结论.     

粒子群优化粒子滤波的接收机自主完好性监测

接收机自主完好性监测（RAIM）是航空卫星导航接收机必不可少的功能,为保持全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）在卫星发生故障时系统性能不降级,需要对卫星故障进行检测和隔离。针对接收机观测噪声非高斯分布的特点,提出一种基于粒子群优化粒子滤波（PSO-PF）的故障检测和隔离算法。通过粒子群优化粒子滤波对状态估计进行一致性检验实现故障检测。采集实测数据验证算法的检测性能,并与基于基本粒子滤波的完好性监测算法进行比较,结果表明:本文所提算法在非高斯测量噪声下可检测并隔离全球定位系统（GPS）故障卫星,其性能优于基于基本粒子滤波的完好性监测算法性能,对研究北斗卫星导航系统（BDS）接收机自主完好性监测具有一定的意义。      

一类有色噪声干扰随机系统最小二乘递推辨识

提出一类有色噪声干扰随机系统的辅助模型最小二乘递推辨识算法.此算法结合辅助模型辨识思想和递推增广最小二乘理论,用辅助模型的输出代替辨识模型信息向量中未知中间变量,用估计残差代替信息向量中不可测噪声项,从而可以运用递推辨识思想来估计系统所有参数,包括噪声模型参数.仿真例子说明提出算法的有效性.      

一种基于多虚拟观测量的组合导航自主完好性监测方法

完好性用于导航系统出现故障的情况下提供及时的告警，是生命安全类用户需要考虑的重要性能指标。基于惯性导航系统（INS）辅助的卫星导航自主完好性监测算法，提出了一种利用INS构造3颗虚拟卫星观测量的组合导航系统自主完好性监测方法，通过构造视线方向相互垂直的3颗卫星，最大限度利用组合导航中INS的导航信息，在2颗可见星条件下就能实现故障检测。相比传统接收机自主完好性监测(RAIM)方法，该方法提高了检测算法可用性。在GPS单星座且INS定位误差方差σ_s=1m条件下，加入35m单星故障幅值，传统加权RAIM故障检测概率为48.51%，本文算法检测概率为95.21%，检测性能提升47%；与INS辅助的卡尔曼滤波残差检测法相比，在相同INS精度等级条件下该方法也具有更高的检测概率。此外，仿真分析了不同INS精度等级对该方法故障检测性能的影响，结果表明INS精度越高，该方法检测性能越好。     

一种简化递推偏最小二乘建模算法及其应用

在已有的偏最小二乘相关算法基础上,提出一种简化的递推偏最小二乘算法,即直接采用自变量主元的2个回归系数矩阵来取代残差矩阵进行递推计算,进一步简化了递推计算过程,在保证建模精度的同时,使计算速度提高了近一倍.并以数控铣削加工过程中切削合力峰值在线建模为应用实例,对切削过程z传递函数的参数进行了在线辨识计算,由估计模型重构了切削过程的输出,其结果与实验测量值是一致的,且误差很小.仿真和实验结果表明,该简化递推偏最小二乘建模算法是正确和有效的,并且具有计算量小、辨识速度快、建模效率高等特点,适用于数据量较大、建模速度要求较高的研究对象的在线建模.      

Fault detection and isolation in GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring based on chaos particle swarm optimization-particle filter algorithm

The receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) is one of the most important parts in an avionic navigation system. Two problems need to be addressed to improve this system, namely, the degeneracy phenomenon and lack of samples for the standard particle filter (PF). However, the number of samples cannot adequately express the real distribution of the probability density function (i.e., sample impoverishment). This study presents a GPS receiver autonomous integrity monitoring (RAIM) method based on a chaos particle swarm optimization particle filter (CPSO-PF) algorithm with a log likelihood ratio. The chaos sequence generates a set of chaotic variables, which are mapped to the interval of optimization variables to improve particle quality. This chaos perturbation overcomes the potential for the search to become trapped in a local optimum in the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Test statistics are configured based on a likelihood ratio, and satellite fault detection is then conducted by checking the consistency between the state estimate of the main PF and those of the auxiliary PFs. Based on GPS data, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively detect and isolate satellite faults under conditions of non-Gaussian measurement noise. Moreover, the performance of the proposed novel method is better than that of RAIM based on the PF or PSO-PF algorithm.     

辅助型GPS接收机中伪码相位延时及其不确定度估计算法研究

快速捕获卫星信号是研制辅助型GPS (A-GPS)接收机所必须解决的一项关键技术. 针对A-GPS接收机能从辅助数据中获取有效星历的特点, 本文提出了一种伪码相位延时及其不确定度估计算法. 该算法在对建立的信号发射时刻方程泰勒展开的基础上, 利用辅助信息建立了伪码相位延时及其不确定度估计方程. 分析和仿真表明, 提出的算法能有效压缩剩余卫星伪码相位延时不确定度, 加快A-GPS接收机的捕获速度.      

基于GPS的中、高轨道航天器定轨研究

利用GPS确定空间航天器轨道，尤其是GPS在中、高空间航天器定轨中的应用，针对中、高轨道中可见星少及GPS信号微弱等问题，提出了有效的微弱信号检测算法，提高了GPS接收机的接收能力，同时提出了利用伪加速度测量和轨道约束进行定轨解算的新方法，使得在HEO(高偏心轨道)中利用两颗可见星可以解算定位解，对GEO(静止地球轨道)只用一颗星就可求解，仿真结果表明该方法具有很好的效果。     

精密进近阶段的多系统GNSS组合RAIM可用性算法及分析

给出了多系统全球卫星导航系统（GNSS）组合接收机自主完好性监测（ReceiverAutonomousIntegrityMonitoring,RAIM）可用性计算方法,在此基础上利用GPS、GLONASS实测数据与BDS、Galileo全星座仿真数据,分析了BDS、GPS、GLONASS和Galileo不同组合在精密进近阶段的RAIM可用性。通过试验分析发现,BDS的5颗地球同步轨道卫星和3颗倾斜地球同步轨道卫星对亚洲、非洲和欧洲大部分地区的RAIM可用性有很大的贡献。这些地区站星间几何观测结构得到改善,使得RAIM可用性相对于其他地区有很大幅度的提升。在亚太地区APV-I阶段单系统导航情况下,北斗导航系统RAIM可用性达到99.5%,高于其他三个导航系统。在精密进近阶段（APV-I、APV-II和CAT-I）,BDS与其他导航系统（GPS、GLONASS和Galileo）的组合导航可以满足全球大部分区域的RAIM可用性需求,大多可达到100%。     

Quality variation of GPS satellite clocks on-orbit using IGS clock products

Over 60% clocks on board of the GPS satellites are working longer than their designed life. Therefore realizing their stabilities in a long time scales is essential to GPS navigation and positioning plus IGS time scale maintaining. IGS clock products from 2001 to 2010 are used to analyze the GPS satellite clock qualities such as frequency stabilities and clock noise level. We find out that for the clocks of Block IIA satellites the frequency stabilities and clock noise are 10 times worse than that of the Block IIR and IIR-M satellites. Moreover, the linear relationships between frequency stabilities and clock residuals have been deduced with an accuracy of better than 0.02 ns. Specially, it is noticed that the clock of the PRN27 is instable and the relationship between the frequency stability and residuals is at least a quadratic curve. Therefore, we suggested that GPS satellite clocks should be weighted by their quality levels in application, and the observations of the Block IIA should not be used for real-time positioning which required precision better than one meter.     

Estimation of GPS instrumental biases from small scale network

With 4 GPS receivers located in the equatorial anomaly region in southeast China, this paper proposes a grid-based algorithm to determine the GPS satellites and receivers biases, and at the same time to derive the total electron content (TEC) with time resolution of 15 min and spatial resolution of 1° by 3.5° in latitude and longitude. By assuming that the TEC is identical at any point within a given grid block and the biases do not vary within a day, the algorithm arranges unknown biases and TECs with slant path TEC from the 4 receivers’ observations into a set of equations. Then the instrumental biases and the TECs are determined by using the least squares fitting technique. The performance of the method is examined by applying it to the GPS receiver chain observations selected from 16 geomagnetically quiet days in four seasons of 2006. It is found that the fitting agrees with the data very well, with goodness of fit ranging from 0.452 TECU to 1.914 TECU. Having a mean of 0.9 ns, the standard deviations for most of the GPS satellite biases are less than 1.0 ns for the 16 days. The GPS receiver biases are more stable than that of the GPS satellites. The standard deviation in the 4 receiver bias is from 0.370 ns to 0.855 ns, with a mean of 0.5 ns. Moreover, the instrumental biases are highly correlated with those derived from CODE and JPL with independent methods. The typical precision of the derived TEC is 5 TECU by a conservative estimation. These results indicate that the proposed algorithm is valid and qualified for small scale GPS network.