嫦娥三号着陆器有效载荷

嫦娥三号着陆器配置了地形地貌相机、月基光学望远镜、极紫外相机、降落相机等四种科学探测有效载荷.介绍了有效载荷的科学探测任务、系统设计方案和系统组成,描述了各有效载荷的方案设计和主要技术指标等.      

中国首次火星探测任务科学目标与有效载荷配置

中国首次火星探测任务将于2020年实施,科学目标和有效载荷配置是工程任务的重要顶层设计之一。简要回顾了国外已实施火星探测任务的主要科学目标,介绍了我国首次火星探测任务科学目标、有效载荷配置,分析了科学目标的创新性和特色。     

实践五号卫星空间探测与实验成果学术研讨会召开

中国空间科学学会空间探测专业委员会于2002年9月在福建省武夷山市召开了实践五号卫星空间探测与实验成果学术研讨会,出席这次会议的有参加指挥、设计和研制卫星应用系统和有效载荷的科技工作者及领导,到会55人,收到论文34篇.实践五号科学探测卫星的主要任务是:（1）进行空间单粒子事件及对策研究试验并进行空间高能带电粒子和剂量测量.（2）进行未来复杂航天器有效载荷系统与波段高速数传发射机、大容量固态存储器及有效载荷数据管理系统的先期在轨技术实验.（3）进行空间流体科学实验.实践五号科学探测卫星在轨运行期间获得了大量科学数据,顺利地完成了各项实验任务.     

嫦娥四号任务科学目标和有效载荷配置

嫦娥四号探测器由中继星、着陆器和巡视器组成.其科学目标为:月基低频射电天文观测研究,月球背面巡视区浅层结构探测研究以及月球背面巡视区形貌与矿物组分探测研究.共配置6台有效载荷设备,其中3台载荷设备配置在着陆器上,分别为降落相机、地形地貌相机和低频射电谱仪,其余3台配置在巡视器上,分别为全景相机、测月雷达和红外成像光谱仪.本文主要论述了嫦娥四号任务的科学目标、着陆区概况、有效载荷配置及系统设计、各有效载荷任务和主要技术指标等.      

SPORT卫星构型方案设计

根据SPORT卫星有效载荷探测的需求, 结合卫星总体设计及构型布局设计原则, 在运载对卫星构型布局约束条件下, 针对天线单元的两种探测形式, 给出了两种卫星构型设计方案. 其目的在于为有效载荷在星上的布局提供可视化平台, 确定有效载荷在星上的位置和方向, 避免有效载荷间的位置干涉和相互遮挡, 观察有效载荷的工作空间, 初步确定科学目标实现的方式, 为卫星平台的结构方案设计提供依据. 经探测任务初级系统的可行性论证, 两种方案均可满足SPORT卫星有效载荷探测的需求.      

中国月球与深空探测有效载荷技术的成就与展望

有效载荷是实现科学目标最直接的工具,其技术手段和水平影响科学目标的可实现程度。简要回顾了中国月球与深空探测的科学目标与有效载荷配置。介绍了"嫦娥1号"和"嫦娥2号"月球环绕探测器中采用的CCD立体相机、干涉式成像光谱仪、激光高度计、微波探测仪、伽马射线谱仪、X射线谱仪、太阳风粒子探测仪、高能粒子探测仪等遥感探测类有效载荷的技术实现、探测结果和取得的成就。同时,也介绍了"嫦娥3号"月球着陆器和巡视器中采用的地形地貌相机、月基光学望远镜、极紫外相机、红外成像光谱仪、粒子激发X射线谱仪、测月雷达等就位和巡视探测类有效载荷的技术实现、探测结果和取得的成就。分析了有效载荷技术的发展趋势,展望了我国未来有效载荷技术的发展。     

星载有效载荷自主探测管理方案设计与实现

星载有效载荷在轨探测时需要在多种模式之间不断进行切换, 以便获得探测器 的最优工作状态. 每种模式切换时需要对有效载荷28个电子学前端电路、中子 采集与处理电路、触发单元电路、高压供电机箱及载荷数管进行多种工作状态 参数的配置. 为有效开展有效载荷探测工作, 提高有效载荷探测模式转换的灵 活性及降低模式切换时参数配置的复杂度, 对星载有效载荷在轨自主探测管理 技术进行研究, 并对探测器有效载荷的工作模式进行分析, 给出由地面规划 专家和星上自主探测执行机构相结合的基于事件驱动的有效载荷自主探测方案 设计和软件实现情况, 同时对自主探测中的可靠性措施进行了分析, 实现探测 器全天候、全时段、灵巧探测的功能, 并减少了对地面遥控注入的依赖.      

嫦娥三号着陆器有效载荷探测能力地面验证试验

嫦娥三号探测器首次实现了中国月球软着陆和月面巡视探测,完成三类科学探测任务.嫦娥三号探测器分为着陆器和巡视器,在着陆器上配置了地形地貌相机、月基光学望远镜、极紫外相机和降落相机四种有效载荷.着重介绍了着陆器有效载荷研制过程中进行的探测能力地面模拟试验验证情况,包括试验项目、试验方案、试验结果和分析.     

祝融号火星车科学探测模式设计与验证

受通信能力低、能源不足等限制，祝融号火星车有效载荷科学探测需提高探测效率，以有限资源获取尽可能多的有效探测数据。祝融号火星车的巡视探测科学任务着眼于火星局部地区，包括火星车行驶时载荷探测和火星车停止时定点就位载荷探测两个主要工况。统筹考虑祝融号火星车移动能力、通信能力、能源能力、热控能力等约束，合理划分工程活动和科学探测活动可用的资源，协调使用火星车的桅杆和移动系统，优化组合各载荷工作模式，设计了高效载荷探测模式。该探测模式与基于工作模式表的自主探测控制方式相结合，解决了资源受限情况下的多载荷协同探测难题。祝融号火星车有效载荷系统圆满完成了预期探测任务，设计的科学探测模式全部得到在轨验证。结果表明这些模式设计合理有效，满足安全、自主、高效开展科学探测的需求。     

中国首次火星探测工程有效载荷总体设计

简要介绍了中国首次火星探测工程的科学目标与有效载荷的配置,有效载荷分系统的总体技术方案,包括有效载荷供配电、遥测遥控、科学数据处理、在轨自主运控,以及有效载荷分系统在轨基本工作流程安排。针对火星环绕器有效载荷功能复杂、安装位置分散等特点,配置了独立的载荷控制器设备,通过总线网络将有效载荷分系统组成有机整体,实现与环绕器平台的统一电接口。针对火星车有效载荷在重量、体积、能源等方面的严格限制,通过最大限度地将各有效载荷主控电子学控制单元集成于一台载荷控制器设备中,实现了对有效载荷的集中控制和管理。     

Introduction to the Payloads and the Initial Observation Results of Chang＇E-1

Chang'E-1,the orbiter circling the moon 200km above the moon surface,is the first Chinese Lunar exploration satellite.The satellite was successfully launched on 24th October 2007.There are 8 kinds of scientific payloads onboard,including the stereo camera,the laser altimeter,the Sagnac-based interferometer image spectrometer,the Gamma ray spectrometer,the X-ray spectrom-eter,the microwave radiometer,the high energy particle detector,the solar wind plasma detector and a supporting payload data management system.Chang'E-1 opened her eyes to look at the moon and took the first batch of lunar pictures after her stereo camera was switched on in 20th November 2007.Henceforth all the instruments are successfully switched on one by one.After a period of parameter adjustment and initial check out,all scientific instruments are now in their normal operating phase.In this paper,the payloads and the initial observation results are introduced.     

Progress in China's Lunar Exploration Program

Chang'E-1 and Chang'E-2 of China's Lunar Exploration Program (CLEP) have successfully achieved their mission. At the present time, only Chang'E-3 is still in operation, which was successfully launched on December 2, 2013. Chang'E-3 probe is the third robotic lunar mission of CLEP, which consists of a lander and a rover, with eight payloads on board the spacecraft. Up to December 21, 2015, more than 2.86TB raw data were received from these instruments onboard Chang'E-3 probe. A series of research results have been achieved. This paper gives a detailed introduction to the new scientific results obtained from Chang'E-3 missions.      

月球表面巡视探测GNC技术

嫦娥三号巡视器是中国首个地外天体表面巡视探测器, 其制导、导航及控制 (GNC)技术与地球卫星等航天器完全不同. 探测器实现月表巡视探测需要在地 外天体表面确定自身位置、航向及姿态, 识别周围地形环境并寻找安全路径, 控制巡视器沿规划路径安全行驶等. 本文针对嫦娥三号巡视器月面巡视对GNC系统的 任务要求及工作性能, 对月面自主导航定姿定位、协调运动控制、环境感知、 路径规划、激光探测避障以及地面试验等重要技术环节进行了分析, 研究月面制 导、导航与控制特性并进行实验验证, 进而对巡视器GNC技术进行了模拟仿真.      

Preliminary Scientific Results of Chang''''E-1 Lunar Orbiter: Based on Payloads Detection Data in the First Phase

Chang'E-1 lunar Orbiter was launched by Long March 3A rocket from Xichang Satel-lite Launch Center at 18:05BT(Beijing Time) Oct.24,2007.It is the first step of its ambitious three-stage moon program,a new milestone in the Chinese space exploration history.The primary science objectives of Chang'E-1 lunar orbiter are to obtain three-Dimension(3D) stereo images of the lunar surface,to analyze the distribution and abundance of elements on the surface,to investigate the thickness of lunar soil,evaluate helium-3 resources and other characteristics,and to detect the space environment around the moon.To achieve the above four mission objectives,eight sets of scientific instruments are chosen as the payloads of the lunar orbiter,including a CCD stereo camera(CCD),a Sagnac-based interferometer spectrometer(ⅡM),a Laser Altimeter(LAM),a Microwave Radiometer(MRM),a Gamma-Ray Spectrometer(GRS),an X-ray spectrometer(XRS),a High-Energy Particle Detector(HPD),and two Solar Wind Ion Detectors(SWID).The detected data of the payloads show that all payloads work well.This paper introduces the status of payloads in the first phase and preliminary scientific results.     

Overview of the Latest Scientific Results of China's Lunar Exploration Program

China's Chang'E-4 probe successfully landed on 3 January 2019 in Von Kármán crater within the South Pole-Aitken (SPA) basin on the lunar far side. Based on the data acquired by the scientific payloads onboard the lander and the rover, the researchers obtained the related information such as the geologic and tectonic setting of the landing area, compositional characteristics of the landing surface materials, dielectric permittivity and density of the lunar soil. The experiments confirmed the existence of materials dominated by olivine and low-calcium pyroxene in the SPA basin on the lunar far side, which preliminary revealed the geological evolution history of the SPA basin and even that of the early time lunar crust, as well as the tectonic setting and formation mechanism of the materials in the lunar interior. The researchers also inves-tigated the particle radiation, Linear Energy Transaction (LET) spectrum, and so forth on the lunar surface. The low-frequency radio observations were carried out on the lunar far side for the first time as well. This article summarizes the latest scientific results in the past years, focusing on the Chang'E-4 mission. Key words CLEP, Chang'E-4, Scientific objectives, Scientific payloads, Scientific results      

Scientific Progress in China's Lunar Exploration Program

Chang'E-1, the first lunar mission in China, was successfully launched on October 24,2007, which opened the prelude of China's Lunar Exploration Program. Later on, the Chang'E-2 and Chang'E-3 satellites were successfully launched in 2010 and 2013, respectively. In order to achieve the science objectives, various payloads boarded the spacecraft. The scientific data from these instruments were received by Beijing and Kunming ground stations simultaneously. Up to now, about 5.628 Terabytes of raw data were received totally. A series of research results has been achieved. This paper presents a brief introduction to the main scientific results and latest progress from Chang'E-3 mission.     

嫦娥三号着陆区月表辐射特性测算

月球表面辐射特性研究是月球探索的一个重要领域,对于勘测月球表面形态及进行资源勘探等具有重要意义,但是目前在月球表面直接进行近距离测量的数据非常少.本文建立了基于嫦娥三号着陆器地形地貌相机和缓释电机在轨遥测数据研究月球表面辐射特性的方法,初步测算得到嫦娥三号着陆区月球表面的太阳辐射光谱反射率为0.105,发射率为0.866.所得结果能够为进一步空间探测任务提供原始测算数据,以降低设计难度及提高探测能力.