多层感知器信道均衡器

利用多层感知器自学习、非线性映射能力,提出一种自适应多层感知器信道均衡的模型,这种模型不仅对信道线性失真,而且对非线性失真也有很好的补偿作用。分析了人工神经网络(ANN)均衡器的设计方法,由于精确地分析感知器均衡器的位误差概率很困难,故通过模拟仿真的方式结出了与线性均衡器的性能比较。     

随机时变信道中角调信号的最佳滤波

本文讨论由白噪声策动的角调信号,通过随机时变信道的最佳滤波问题。文中应用扩大状态变量方法,建立了角调信号通过瑞利信道的非线性估计模型。然后,应用线性滤波和非线性滤波方法对相位消息过程和信道过程进行最佳过滤。理论分析和计算机模拟结果表明,对于随机时变信道中的非线性估计模型,非线性滤波的估计性能比线性滤波的估计性能优越。     

基于光纤延迟的光脉冲有源复制器

根据高速光脉冲测量系统应用的需求,提出了使用循环式光纤光脉冲有源复制器实现模拟短脉冲信号的低噪音、低失真复制的一种方法.针对有源复制器中半导体光放大器(SOA)带来的放大自发辐射(ASE)光噪声与非线性失真,建立了SOA的计算模型,并对光脉冲在复制器中的循环传输性能进行了仿真和分析.仿真结果证明了使用外加直流光注入方法抑制波形失真的有源复制器方案是可行的,同时为合理选择注入直流光功率及环内损耗等参数,实现复制器的优化设计提供了依据.     

基于神经网络的带肋回转通道换热性能的预测

在对带有不同肋间距和肋高的直肋变截面U型通道的换热性能进行了实验研究的基础上,分单元处理了数据,并采用经过LM(Levenberg-Marquardt)算法和贝叶斯正则化方法改进的基于BP(Back-Propagation)算法的前馈神经网络对数据结果进行了建模,实现了对带直肋的变截面U型通道换热性能的预测,实践证明,人工神经网络ANN(Artificial Neural Network)方法可以用于航空发动机涡轮叶片内通道换热性能的预测,并且其预测精度明显高于非线性拟合.     

基于LabVIEW实现的隔离放大器非线性误差自动测试

隔离放大器是一种输入电路和输出电路之间电气隔离的器件，一般采用变压器或光耦合传递信号，非线性误差是其一项重要的技术指标。本文介绍了一种基于LabVIEW实现的隔离放大器的自动测试技术，系统以标准信号源、数字多用表为标准装置，通过GPIB和TCPIP通信来实现计算机对隔离放大器的自动测试，完成非线性误差的计算，并自动生成测试报告。文中介绍了系统的测量原理、组成、非线性误差的算法以及软件编制。系统在实际的工作中取得了良好效果，显著提高了工作效率，为实验室检测工作的自动化作了有意尝试。     

复合泡沫塑料力学行为模拟的ANN方法

对人工神经网络(ANN)方法在复合泡沫塑料力学行为模拟中的应用进行了研究.首先,选取影响材料力学行为的因素和所需模拟、预测的力学性能作为输入、输出量;然后,利用反向传播算法建立了四层神经网络模型,对复合泡沫塑料的力学性能和本构关系进行了模拟和预测.数值结果表明,训练后的神经网络模型能较好地模拟、预测材料的模量、屈服强度和不同应变率及不同温度下的压缩应力-应变曲线.此外,3种不同改进训练方法的比较说明,Bayesian规则化法的泛化能力最好,LM法收敛最快,而自适应梯度下降动量法则需要较长的迭代时间才能达到相同的精度.     

二次曲面拟合与拟合参数不确定度分析

由离散点进行二次曲面拟合问题可归结为存在约束条件的非线性优化问题,在总结了拟合参数初值计算和优化算法的基础上,研究了点位的坐标测量误差对拟合参数和曲面轮廓度评价的影响.给出了评价二者不确定度的解析方法和Monte-Carlo模拟方法,并指出,对于实际的测量数据,只有采用Monte-Carlo模拟方法进行拟合参数和轮廓度的不确定度评价才是可靠的.仿真实验和实物测量实验表明,给出的二次曲面拟合方法和不确定度估计方法是正确的.     

重力波波包在耗散大气中的非线性传播

本文对具有高斯分布的重力波波包在耗散大气中的非线性传播过程进行数据模拟和分析,并与重力波波包在无耗大气中非线性传播的数值计算结果进行了比较,以辨明耗散在重力波非线性传播过程中所起的作用。     

梁纵向与横向耦合非线性振动分析

纵向振动和横向振动耦合是捆绑火箭等结构中的典型振动现象.以Rayleigh梁为研究对象,通过Hamilton变分原理推导了考虑应变二次项的纵向振动与横向振动耦合控制方程,并用有限元方法对该非线性系统的行为进行了模拟.针对线性系统固有振动频率和非线性纵横耦合动态响应情况,把所得结果与NASTRAN结果进行了比较,二者结果吻合,证明了本方法的正确性.在此基础上,借助振动控制方程和模拟结果,讨论了非线性系统频率与模态的时变特性,非线性动态响应频率成分特性,横向振动和纵向振动相互影响以及共振现象等.研究结果为本方法的实际应用提供了理论基础.     

振荡器的计算机辅助设计与组装

本文综述了贝尔实验室在应用计算机方面的经验,包括模拟和设计、数据采集、数据分析、元件选择和其它各种各样的工作。过去,石英晶体振荡器可以很容易地应用线性电路模型来模拟。虽然存在非线性模型(例如,Spicc.Capitol等),但它们不能被用来对晶体振荡器进行闭环分析,因为其中包括有高Q参数。然而最近Waterloo大学研究的WATAND程序已变得很有效并可适用于石英晶体振荡器的闭环非线性分析。在贝尔实验室,线性和非线性两种分析程序正用于评价新设计,同时特别注意元件变化对工艺的影响。计算机完成原始数据采集任务的方法是对温度补偿晶体振荡器进行频率温度测量。附加的应用是对振荡器进行最后的室温检验,以便确定波形特征、功率损耗、电源灵敏性和频率牵引范围(对于压控晶体振荡器)。应用实时元件选择的方法有助于把电阻组合选择来与根据温度试验数据的分析所确定的数值相适应。在压控晶体振荡器和温度补偿压控晶体振荡器中,用实时元件选择的方法来调整变容二极管的工作点,使频率一电压牵引特性最佳。其他应用包括:对性能数据进行统计分析,以便于计划产量;使用模-数和数-模变换器模拟数字补偿流程图来与以微处理器为基础的计算机相对接,以及模拟双转角晶体切型的温度特性。     

基于查表的开环MPM预失真器

提出了一种基于查表的开环记忆多项式模型(MPM,Memory Polynomial Model)预失真器.从MPM预失真器系数估计和执行信号预失真处理两方面加以考虑.首先,利用预失真器和高功率放大器(HPA,High Power Amplifier)传输特性的互补性,由采集到的HPA输入、输出基带数据进行单次最小二乘估计得到MPM预失真器的系数,避免了以往递归结构的收敛性和计算量大等问题.然后,利用MPM预失真器的特点,建立了基于输入信号强度索引的一维向量表,通过查表实现MPM预失真器的幂次累加项,极大地减少了实现预失真器所需的计算量及硬件开销.仿真显示,采用提出的预失真器可以有效补偿HPA对信号的记忆非线性失真,有效带宽内获得了近20 dB的功率改善,也显著改善了系统误码性能.     

Selection of classification techniques for land use/land cover change investigation

The concerns over land use/land cover (LULC) change have emerged on the global stage due to the realisation that changes occurring on the land surface also influence climate, ecosystem and its services. As a result, the importance of accurate mapping of LULC and its changes over time is on the increase. Landsat satellite is a major data source for regional to global LULC analysis. The main objective of this study focuses on the comparison of three classification tools for Landsat images, which are maximum likelihood classification (MLC), support vector machine and artificial neural network (ANN), in order to select the best method among them. The classifiers algorithms are well optimized for the gamma, penalty, degree of polynomial in case of SVM, while for ANN minimum output activation threshold and RMSE are taken into account. The overall analysis shows that the ANN is superior to the kernel based SVM (linear, radial based, sigmoid and polynomial) and MLC. The best tool (ANN) is then applied on detecting the LULC change over part of Walnut Creek, Iowa. The change analysis of the multi temporal images indicates an increase in urban areas and a major shift in the agricultural practices.     

运算放大器SET效应的试验研究

模拟器件的单粒子瞬态脉冲效应的研究,成为近来国际上单粒子效应研究的热点.针对中国生产的运算放大器SF3503,利用脉冲激光单粒子效应测试装置,试验研究了SF3503工作于反相放大器与电压比较器模式SET效应的特征与规律.获取了器件的敏感节点分布、LET阈值和SET脉冲波形的特征参数,其中器件的敏感节点均分布在输入级与放大级,LET阈值不大于1.2 MeV·cm~·mg~(-1),电压比较器产生的最大SET脉冲的幅度达27V、脉冲宽度为51μs.试验表明SF3503对SET效应极其敏感,在不采取任何措施的情况下,在空间任务中直接使用,会严重影响系统的可靠性.     

太阳质子事件警报

采用人工神经网络预报方法,利用太阳耀斑的日面位置、X射线辐射的峰值流量及其上升时间、2695MHz和8800MHz微波辐射的半积分流量等5个物理参量,提出了一个新的太阳质子事件警报方案,预报太阳质子事件的发生及其流量和时间．该方案在本文检验中达到93．75％的预报准确率．     

基于ANN的故障诊断专家系统的应用研究

介绍一种基于ANN的设备故障智能诊断专家系统模型,探讨了该模型的基本结构和相应的推理机制及故障诊断策略,提出将设备故障分为低层故障和高层故障的思想以及相应的分层诊断、分块进行的诊断策略,并以MK9-5卷接机组为诊断对象,研究了该模型及诊断方法在设备故障智能诊断中的具体应用.     

Models for estimating daily photosynthetically active radiation in oceanic and mediterranean climates and their improvement by site adaptation techniques

In this work Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) in oceanic and mediterranean climates is modeled. Twenty-two different models have been developed and tested: eleven Multilinear Regression (MR) models and eleven Artificial Neuron Network (ANN) models, using combinations of variables such as Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), Global Extraterrestrial Irradiance (G₀), Temperature (T) and Relative Humidity (RH). Data provided by Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) are used to develop and train the models, while the models have been validated using field data from four stations located in Spain, covering the different study climates.According to the results, zones with different climate conditions need different models, both for the case of MR and ANN. The results show the need of including the GHI in all models in order to obtain accurate estimates; in fact, the presence of more variables only improves slightly the results in mediterranean climate, while in oceanic climate no improvement is observed.On the other hand, comparing MR and ANN models, ANN models did not show better results than those of MR models in no one of the cases studied. Regarding the climate, both types of models are clearly better for the mediterranean case than for the oceanic one. In order to improve the performance of the model for oceanic climate a correction based on the site adaptation technique was carried out. The good results obtained by this technique fully justify its use.The best proposed models provide better performance than other models which are restricted to certain locations. Besides, the clustering technique based on the PAR variable, used in this work, allows obtaining useful models for a whole region. Finally, another advantage of this methodology is that there is no need of ground measurements for its development, except for the site adaptation technique.     

神经网络方法在太阳质子事件短期预报中的应用

在大量统计结果的基础上,深入研究了太阳质子事件预报机理．总结了质子事件爆发与太阳活动区面积、位置、McIntosh结构、磁结构以及前两天活动区爆发耀斑事件数目之间的关系．然后,在神经网络的基础上建立了太阳质子事件短期预报模型,并对2000年以后12个未参加训练的样本进行测试,结果对事件预报的准确率为83％．此外,我们还利用该模型对2002年1-4月发生的几次质子事件进行了预报试验,结果发现,这期间发生的6次事件都被预报．其中3次质子事件系统预报提前了3天,两次事件预报提前了2天,一次事件提前1天预报．     

Regional modeling of the ionosphere using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system in Iran

In recent years, new techniques and algorithms such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Fuzzy Inference Systems (FIS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) have been used as alternative statistical tools in modeling and forecasting issues. These methods have been extensively used in the field of geosciences and atmospheric physics. The main purpose of this paper is to combine FIS and ANNs for local modeling of the ionosphere Total Electron Content (TEC) in Iran. An Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is developed for TEC modeling. Also, Multi-Layer Perceptron ANN (MLP-ANN) and ANN based on Radial Base Functions (RBF) have been designed for analyzing ANFIS results. Observations of 29 Global Positioning System (GPS) stations from the Iranian Permanent GPS Network (IPGN) have been used in 3 different seasons in 2015 and 2016. These stations are located at geomagnetic low latitudes region. Out of these 29 stations, 24 stations for training and 5 stations for testing and validating were selected. The relative and absolute errors have been used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed model. Also, the results of this paper are compared with the International Reference Ionosphere model (IRI2016). The maximum values of the average relative error for RBF, MLP-ANN, ANFIS and IRI2016 methods are 13.88%, 11.79%, 10.06%, and 18.34%, respectively. Also, the maximum values of the average absolute error for these methods are 2.38, 2.21, 1.5 and 3.36 TECU, respectively. Comparison of diurnal predicted TEC from the ANFIS, RBF, MLP-ANN and IRI2016 models with GPS-TEC revealed that the ANFIS provides more accurate predictions than the other methods in the test area.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

磁悬浮飞轮用电磁轴承低纹波开关功放的实现

针对磁悬浮飞轮用两电平脉宽调制开关功放输出电流纹波大的缺点,提出了一种新颖的三电平脉宽调制开关功放.通过对两种开关功放输出电流纹波的理论估算,得出三电平脉宽调制开关功放可以大大降低电流纹波,进而实现开关功放的低纹波损耗.提出了一种基于SIMULINK的电路原理性仿真方法,该方法所建模型能准确地反映实际系统的特性,为开关功放的设计和调试提供指导.通过对两种开关功放的仿真和实验进行对比,最终表明仿真和实验结果相吻合,仿真和实验均验证了三电平脉宽调制开关功放对减小输出电流纹波的可行性、有效性.