分布式卫星系统自主运行体系结构模型研究

在分析现有分布式卫星系统(DSS)体系结构不足的基础之上,针对DSS自主运行特征,提出了一种适应动态、复杂不确定环境的DSS两级系统层次的混合体系结构模型.同时根据多星协作和星内自治的需求,给出一种较为通用的面向自主协作的卫星控制结构Agent模型,并讨论了该结构中各Agent模块的组成、功能及相互联系.      

基于细胞吸引子选择机制的网络选择算法

随着无线通信技术的发展,物联网、车联网和体联网等同类型的无线网络之间共存、相互补充和异构融合。任何单一的通信技术不能完全满足人们对网络服务的多样化需求。如何在移动过程中选择可靠高效的网络连接成为学术和工业界的研究热点。基于细胞吸引子选择模型,提出了一种面向群体终端网络选择的决策方法,并通过车联网环境数值实验比较了该生物启发式决策方法与基于效用函数方法的性能,结果表明:基于细胞吸引子选择机制的生物启发式决策方法在网络选择决策中具有较好的性能。      

FY-3A卫星星内辐射剂量评估与分析

对FY-3A卫星近四年的辐射剂量数据进行分析,结果表明,在1 mm铝的等效屏蔽厚度下,星内辐射剂量存在显著的方向性差异,+Y向剂量增长变化显著大于+Z向.深入分析剂量变化与带电粒子辐射关系后发现,太阳质子事件期间的高能质子增长不会对辐射剂量增长变化产生显著影响;而高能电子是剂量增长变化的主要贡献者,其中扰动导致的高能电子通量强增长是使得辐射剂量显著增加的主要原因,并显著影响到卫星+Y向.进一步与工程常用SPENVIS剂量计算结果的对比表明,实测能更好地反映剂量动态变化和方向差异.综上,实测剂量数据对于同类工程星内器件的合理布局和工程防护设计具有一定指导和参考价值.     

星载辐照剂量深度分布探测仪设计

空间带电粒子对在轨航天器会产生辐照剂量效应，严重时可导致星载设备及航天器等的性能衰减及寿命下降，因此采用了星内多点多方位的辐照总剂量探测技术.在中国首次采用深度剂量监测方案.每个探头设置5个剂量监测点，对应屏蔽厚度分别为0（开窗），1mm，2.5mm，3.5mm，6mm的铝结构，探测剂量总量程为2×106rad （Si），最高灵敏度为1rad （Si）.所设计的星载辐照剂量深度分布探测仪可以对卫星在轨遭受的辐照剂量进行实时监测和预警，其探测结果用于研究星内剂量深度分布，对卫星载荷在轨工作状态进行分析评估，并为后续卫星的抗辐照加固设计提供依据.      

GPS用于编队星座的姿态与相对位置确定

利用载波相位差分GPS技术确定编队星座的姿态和相对位置时，由于卫星状态间的相互耦合和差分观测值的相关性，应该联合星内和星间的差分观测进行状态的整体解算，文中给出了利用星间差分观测值形成的空间网形束、联合星内和星间差分确定编队星座姿 态和相对位置方法，数学仿真结果表明该方法的有效性。     

返回式卫星的热控设计

介绍我国返回式卫星热控设计方案。根据我国返回式卫星的特点,描述了热惯性法在热设计中的应用。地面热试验数据与飞行遥测温度数据比较表明,两者一致性良好,热控系统工作正常,星体与星内仪器温度均较好地处于所要求的范围内。     

大气对空间摄影系统地面分辨力的影响及系统主要参数的选择

从人造卫星上对地球进行空间摄影观测,决定地面分辨力的主要因素包括星内摄影系统本身性能和外部空间环境影响两个方面。本文讨论了摄影通道上外部因素之一,即大气的影响。计算和讨论了大气抖动的效应造成的空间摄影极限分辨力为0.25～0.3米。文章并讨论了根据地面分辨力要求,如何合理选择高分辨力摄影系统的主要参数。     

基于OPNET的CAN网络建模与仿真

为分析控制器局域网(Controller Area Network, CAN)协议,评价CAN网络性能,提出在OPNET网络仿真环境中CAN网络模型的建模方法.采用网络层次化建模方法构建节点模型.介质访问控制(Medium Access Control, MAC)子层中设计MAC、错误处理和帧间空间模块,保证系统结构清晰.通过进程设计,MAC模块中实现了网络实时性模型;错误处理模块中实现了连续错误下网络不可用模型.定义和编辑链路及数据帧模型.根据实例模型进行网络模型的配置和仿真.仿真结果与实例测试结果一致,验证了网络模型的有效性.通过分析具体网络仿真环境下的仿真结果,对CAN网络性能进行了讨论.该模型提供了独立可编辑的节点模型,链路模型和数据帧模型,可实现灵活的网络配置,用于不同网络拓扑分析.     

分布式对象技术在电信网管系统中的应用

随着电信网络的迅速发展,开放、高效、可扩展的电信网管系统成为当前电信网络管理的迫切需求.分布式网络管理成为电信网络管理的主要发展方向.分布式对象技术是对象技术在分布式领域的发展分支,对系统结构开放、分布式处理及软件复用提供了较好的支持.基于分布式对象技术设计的分布式电信网管系统适应当前网管需求,能够解决目前网络系统所面临的问题,具有较大应用价值.      

航空电子环境下FC网络的建模与仿真

机载网络是航空电子系统的重要部分.从航电系统对数据传输的需求出发,研究了光纤通道(FC,Fibre Channel)网络复杂混合拓扑的建模与仿真.在协议分析的基础上,将不同拓扑结构的网络抽象成终端与交换机模型的组合,并分别建模.基于离散事件系统仿真方法构建了适合航空电子环境的FC网络仿真平台,并提供网络吞吐量、延迟和实时性等性能指标的评价方法.仿真结果与实测数据相对比,误差小于10％,验证了模型的有效性.使用仿真模型进行案例分析,对机载FC网络做出性能评价.      

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

绳驱动并联机器人张力约束工作空间分析

绳驱动三自由度机器人可以实现空间的自由转动.由于绳索只可拉伸不可压缩的单向特性,研究驱动绳索张力对机器人的控制具有重要意义.运用几何和矩阵的方法可以分析绳索的张力分配情况;在存在张力约束的条件下,提出张力系数作为评价张力分配优劣状况的指标,通过计算可以得到张力系数分布图,从而对机器人工作空间有直观的认识,进而提出有效的张力优化算法;通过对最小预紧力影响因素及选取方法的讨论,可以得到动态最小预紧力实时计算公式,保证绳索时刻处于张紧状态;通过样机的力检测系统张力反馈的实验可以验证理论推导.通过对以上几部分的分析和研究,可以对四绳驱动三自由度机器人的张力问题有综合全面的认识.      

火卫二地形地貌探测综述

火卫二（Deimos）是火星自然卫星之一，研究人员利用火星探测器对其地形地貌开展了大量研究。首先对火卫二的基本参数及起源假说进行了介绍，进而全面梳理了与火卫二相关的航天探测活动，重点对地形地貌探测活动进行了详细介绍，并对围绕火卫二地形地貌的研究成果进行了归纳分析，结果表明火卫二表面分布有撞击坑、风化层、明亮的反射物质及块状物，并存在物质移动。最后针对火卫二探测不全面的情况，给出了中国关于火卫二探测的建议。     

测试有效性对软件可靠性验证测试量的影响

针对传统软件可靠性验证测试方法均不考虑软件测试性可能会对验证测试用例数量产生影响的现状,提出一种引入测试有效性对软件可靠性验证测试最小量进行改进的方法.分析了软件测试性的定义及其对软件可靠性测试集合的影响,提出软件测试有效性的概念.比较了考虑测试有效性前后软件可靠性验证测试集合在数量上的差异,证明经典统计方法和无先验知识的Bayesian统计推断方法确定的均为假定测试有效性为零情况下的保守估计.提出结合测试有效性的验证测试量的量化表示模型和验证测试方案的改进方法,基于统计故障注入的原理,提出测试有效性的定量评估方法,最后通过示例给出定量评估过程和方法.      

H2 and H∞ control options for the combined attitude and thermal control system (CATCS)

The combined attitude and thermal control system (CATCS) combines the conventional attitude control and thermal control subsystems. Its principle is based on circulating a heat conducting fluid inside a closed duct wielding the excess onboard heat in order to produce the attitude control torques. Previously only the proportional-integral (PI) controller has been tested for CATCS. In this paper two other control options for CATCS were designed based on the H₂ and H_∞ control methods to improve the attitude control performance of a small satellite. The control gain matrix with the minimum cost function is obtained by solving the Riccati equation and fed back to the system in order to achieve the system’s performance. The designed controllers can efficiently control the roll, pitch and yaw satellite attitudes. Simulations for the two techniques were carried out using Matlab and Simulink for ideal and non-ideal system models. Results show that the H₂ controller has a better attitude control performance over the H_∞ controller and PI controller itself.     

From Titan’s tholins to Titan’s aerosols: Isotopic study and chemical evolution at Titan’s surface

In the present work, we focused on the possible isotopic fractionation of carbon during the processes involved in the formation of Titan’s tholins. We present the first results obtained on the ¹²C/¹³C isotopic ratios measured on Titan’s tholins synthesized in laboratory with cold plasma discharges. Measurements of isotopic ratio ¹²C/¹³C, done both on tholins and on the initial gas mixture (N₂:CH₄ (98:2)) used to produce them, do not show any evident deficit or enrichment in ¹³C relatively to ¹²C in the synthesized tholins, compared to the initial gas mixture. This observation allows to go further in the analyses of the ACP experiment data, including part of the Cassini–Huygens mission.     

Hemisphere-coupled modeling of nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances

Nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs), which have tilted frontal structures in the midlatitude ionosphere, are investigated by the midlatitude ionosphere electrodynamics coupling (MIECO) model in this study. It has been proposed that the electrodynamic coupling between the E and F regions plays an important role in generating MSTIDs within a few hours. An intriguing aspect of MSTIDs is that they were simultaneously observed at magnetic conjugate locations in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In order to study the hemisphere-coupled electrodynamics, the MIECO model has been upgraded to consist of two simulation domains for both hemispheres in which the electrostatic potential is solved by considering electrodynamics in both hemispheres. The simultaneous occurrence of MSTIDs at the magnetic conjugate stations has clearly been reproduced when the F-region neutral wind satisfies the unstable condition in both hemispheres and a sporadic-E layer is given only at the Northern (summer) Hemisphere. Even if the unstable condition is satisfied in the summer hemisphere, an unfavorable F-region neutral wind in the winter hemisphere largely suppresses the growth of MSTIDs in both hemispheres.     

Nostoc sphaeroides Kützing,an excellent candidate producer for CELSS

Some phytoplankton can be regarded as possible candidates in the establishment of Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) for some intrinsic characteristics, the first characteristic is that they should grow rapidly, secondly, they should be able to endure some stress factors and develop some corresponding adaptive strategies; also it is very important that they could provide food rich in nutritious protein and vitamins for the crew; the last but not the least is they can also fulfill the other main functions of CELSS, including supplying oxygen, removing carbon dioxide and recycling the metabolic waste. According to these characteristics, Nostoc sphaeroides, a potential healthy food in China, was selected as the potential producer in CELSS. It was found that the oxygen average evolution rate of this algae is about 150 μmol O₂ mg⁻¹ h⁻¹, and the size of them are ranged from 2 to 20 mm. Also it can be cultured with high population density, which indicated that the potential productivity of Nostoc sphaeroides is higher than other algae in limited volume. We measured the nutrient contents of the cyanobacterium and concluded it was a good food for the crew. Based on above advantages, Nostoc sphaeroides was assumed to a suitable phytoplankton for the establishment of Controlled Ecological Life Support System. We plan to develop suitable bioreactor with the cyanobacterium for supplying oxygen and food in future space missions.     

Sensor calibration impacts on dust detection based on MODIS and VIIRS thermal emissive bands

Dust detection using remotely sensed measurements has been one of the challenging problems encountered by atmospheric scientists. MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the Terra (T) and Aqua (A) platforms have been a versatile sensor for well over 21 and 18 years respectively, and have been extremely useful in the retrieval of aerosol information over the entire globe. The MODIS radiances from the Level 1B in general are expected to be within 5% accuracy in the reflective wavelengths and within 1% in the thermal emissive wavelengths. In this paper, we evaluate the sensitivity of previously developed dust detection technique based on thermal emissive wavelengths, which correspond to MODIS bands 20, 29, 31, and 32 respectively. The Thermal Emissive Dust Index (TEDI) performed very comparably to the traditional Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) retrievals by MODIS reflective channels. Since the MODIS Thermal Emissive Bands (TEB) are well calibrated on-orbit using a BlackBody (BB) source, the calibration of these long wave infrared bands is quite robust. As A-MODIS continues to perform well beyond its designed lifetime of 6 years, the instrument has undergone various levels of degradation during its mission time. As a consequence, it is imperative to check the impacts of calibration on the higher-level retrievals. In this paper, we rigorously analyze the sensitivity of TEDI due to the impact of calibration by the afore-mentioned TEB. The perturbation of the dominant (linear) calibration term demonstrated the following: first, there was a correlation in the sensitivity of the TEDI due to the uncertainty in the linear calibration term. Based on a perturbation in the linear calibration term for all aforementioned bands over a range of ±5% yielded the TEDI sensitivity to vary from approximately ?3.2% to about ?3.6%. When considering the uncertainty in each individual band significant changes were observed. The least change was observed for the perturbation in the calibration of band 20 with the TEDI sensitivity and the largest sensitivity in TEDI was observed in the perturbation of band 31 calibration. Thus, in the case of TEDI, noticeable sensitivity due to calibration uncertainty was observed in bands 29, 31, and 32, reiterating the importance of the TEB calibration in these bands. Also, the dust detection scheme based on A-MODIS was successfully transferred to the follow-on sensors such as Suomi (SNPP) and NOAA 20 (N20) VIIRS. The results presented in this paper would be extremely helpful in understanding impacts of calibration on the higher-level products for both current and future missions based on the MODIS heritage. Finally, the work also identifies the importance of radiometric fidelity in maintaining the accuracy of the dust detection. Results presented will show drastic improvement of the Saharan dust detection after the reduction of the electronic crosstalk in the 8.5 µm channel of T-MODIS.     

Attempt to identify a source mechanism of Mercury’s sodium exosphere by a spectrometer using Fabry–Perot etalon

The Mercury’s Sodium Atmosphere Spectral Imager (MSASI) on BepiColombo (BC) will address a range of fundamental scientific questions pertaining to Mercury’s exosphere. The measurements will provide new information on regolith–exosphere–magnetosphere coupling as well as new understanding of the dynamics governing the exosphere bounded by the planetary surface, the solar wind and interplanetary space. MSASI is a high-dispersion visible spectrometer working in the spectral range around sodium D2 emission (589 nm). A tandem Fabry–Perot etalon is used to achieve a compact design. We presents a design of the spectral analyzer using Fabry–Perot interferometer. We conclude that: (1) The MSASI optical design is practical and can be implemented without new or critical technology developments; (2) The thermally-tuned etalon design is based on concepts, designs and materials that have good space heritage.