小型晶振的抖动优化设计

本文基于抖动的分类和测量方法的原理,并结合小型晶振中抖动的影响因素分析,通过设计不同方案,研制出四种100MHz的小型晶振。通过比较分析这四种小型晶振分别在常温下和高低温下的抖动指标,提出了抖动优化研究的途径。经过分析和验证,采用基频或三次泛音的本振输出的晶振比采用PLL输出的晶振具有更低的抖动。     

星用两种表面涂料电导性能评价

本文简略讨论了两种星用表面涂料956灰漆和绿漆的制备工艺;实验研究了这两种涂层室温下在模拟空间真空、电子辐照和太阳辐照环境中其电导性质随空间环境的变化。由此可以预测它们在空间轨道上运行时表面的充电状态及应用于高轨道的可能性。     

卫星柔性热控材料性能及其稳定性研究

阐述热控材料的性能以及它在空间模拟环境下的稳定性。测试表明所镀制的立品其光、热、电性能很好，且在模拟空间环境下，如电子辐照、紫外辐照、原子氧作用以及湿热环境下其稳定性能优良。AFM分析表明，镀膜方法和工艺对制备高质量TO膜和高反射Al膜十分重要。     

关于数字温补晶体振荡器频率短期稳定度的研究

一、前言我们首先提出了具有温度补偿控制数据采集功能的数字式温补晶振(D-TCXO)并对控制数据的采集数与频率变化率的关系进行了研究。数字式温补晶振较比从前的模拟式温补晶振,在更宽的温度范围内,有希望获得更高的稳定度。然而,数字式温补晶振是用数字控制压控晶振(VCXO)来稳定振荡频率的,因此,其频率短稳将受到影响。本文着眼于这一问题,对数字式温补晶振的控制间隔和控制量同频率短期稳定度的关系进行了测试和研究。     

航天器材料KAPTON和F4.6薄膜充电性能研究

Kapton和F4.6是两种航天器上最常用的重要热控材料,但它们都是高绝缘的有机高分子聚合物,故在充分利用它们的优良物化性质时,不能不关心它们在空间亚暴环境下表面充电的性能。为此本文在简述了新增环境温度变化的条件后,详细讨论了这两种材料在模拟空间真空、空间亚暴时电子辐照、太阳辐照及其所处环境温度变化时,它们表面电阻率随环境变化响应规律,并由此预测其充电的状态。     

温补晶振技术的新发展

近年来，在温补晶振的研究和推广应用方面相继出现了一些新的技术。除了数字及微机补偿型温补晶振仍然作为高准确度振荡器的研究方向之外，一些新的模拟类或介于模拟与数字之间的温补晶振也获得了发展。结合结果研究介绍了国内外这方面的技术指标及推广情况。     

航天器介质放电脉冲频谱特征实验研究

空间电子辐射环境下,航天器介质的充放电效应是威胁航天器安全的重要因素.介质放电现象除与材料参数及构型相关外,还与空间电子环境密切相关.本文通过电子枪和Sr90放射源在地面实验装置上模拟空间电子辐照环境,测试了环氧树脂、聚四氟乙烯、聚酰亚胺等常见空间材料在不同温度、不同电子能量和电子束流强度影响下的放电脉冲,并对放电电流脉冲和电场脉冲进行频谱分析.实验分析结果表明,介质材料的放电电流脉冲频谱具有明显的单峰结构,该峰值与材料厚度和入射电子能量相关,但受材料温度和辐照束流强度影响不大.      

光纤陀螺中保偏光纤60 Co辐照效应及光褪色特性

从光纤陀螺空间应用的角度出发,利用60Co辐照源模拟空间辐照,对光纤陀螺中的主要部件保偏光纤环进行了不同剂量率的辐照实验,得到了保偏光纤的辐照效应.并且利用大功率半导体激光器对保偏光纤环进行了光褪色实验.实验证明,辐照条件下,保偏光纤损耗增加;剂量率越大,损耗增加越快;总剂量越大,损耗越大;采用大功率半导体激光器对保偏光纤环进行光褪色,可以减缓辐照环境下光纤的损耗增加量,而且激光器功率越大,光褪色效果越明显,可将其用到光纤陀螺中作为其空间应用的抗辐射加固措施.      

航天器表面材料充电性能研究—关于RTV-Ⅱ和13-17涂层的评价

本文报道了RTV-Ⅱ黑漆和13-17白色涂层二种航天器温控材料的电导在综合空间环境条件下的实验结果。实验表明RTV-Ⅱ涂层材料的电导从1984年到1986年,几乎每年下降一个量级,因而充电状态明显改变。13-17涂层材料的电导对空间真空环境响应不明显,但对电子辐照和光辐照响应显著,尤其对光辐照存在强烈的记忆效应。预测该涂层在轨道上由光照区进入星蚀区也不会出现明显充电现象。     

正弦振动条件下原子钟的频率稳定度分析

振动对原子钟(原子频标)的影响可分为对原子谐振的影响、对伺服环路的影响和对晶体振荡器(晶振)的影响.在振动频率范围内,晶振的输出相位噪声只与晶振的加速度灵敏度、峰值加速度和振动频率有关,与静态相位噪声没有关系,但在振动频率范围之外,晶振的输出相位噪声就是其静态相位噪声. 由原子钟的稳定性传递到输出晶振的频率稳定度公式,就可通过伺服环路把晶振的振动分析融入到原子钟的振动分析之中.利用相位噪声转换为阿仑方差的积分公式,根据留数定理推导出直接计算阿仑方差的解析表达式, 得到增加伺服环路带宽可以有效抑制振动对原子钟频率稳定度影响的结论;分析了通过减振和选择加速度灵敏度较小的晶振这2种方法改善原子钟振动性能的问题.      

卫星用光纤陀螺三轴组合的关键技术

研究了空间环境对光纤陀螺各项指标的影响,设计了一种新颖的卫星用光纤陀螺三轴组合.针对空间辐射、温度循环和真空环境对光纤陀螺的影响进行了模拟实验,通过分析实验数据得到了空间环境对光纤陀螺主要参数的影响机理.利用最小二乘滤波的方法建立了偏置误差模型,利用查表法建立了标度因数误差模型,并用现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)实时进行零偏和标度因数补偿,补偿后陀螺输出零偏稳定性为0.1(°)/h.同时详细分析了陀螺在空间低角速度环境下产生死区的原因,并利用周期相位扰动调制的方法消除了死区.在卫星用光纤陀螺三轴组合的设计中,实现了光源复用和冗余、空间主动和被动防护措施、在轨故障诊断等技术.      

应用空间原子钟的基础物理测试

随着新型原子钟的发明,其频率稳定度性能已经发展到很高的水平,它们在空间科学试验中将发挥重要作用。这篇文章将介绍应用空间原子钟在微重力环境下所建议的某些基础物理方面的测试。     

深空辐射条件下EDFA波分复用性能研究

随着对空间试验卫星光通信系统数据容量需求的逐年增加,空间波分复用技术将成为拓展通信容量的有效手段,需要研究掺铒光纤放大器(Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier,EDFA)波分复用特性在深空辐射条件下的性能变化情况。研究了深空辐射及温度场对EDFA的性能影响、非均匀特性,建立了深空辐射条件下EDFA的波分复用(Wavelength Division Multiplexing,WDM)技术信号之间的增益影响模型,给出了增益的非均匀变化影响的评估方法。并分别采用电子和中子作为辐射源,进行了地面模拟深空辐射环境的辐射电离效应和辐射位移效应实验,实验结果进一步验证了该模型正确性。利用该模型,可获得深空辐射环境中,不同辐射类型、不同温度下,EDFA在WDM应用时各波长增益的非均匀特性,可为深空光通信中EDFA的WDM应用提供参考。     

Space environmental factors affecting responses to radiation at the cellular level.

Previous space experiments suggest a high value for the RBE of cosmic radiation. A possible explanation could be a change in cell radiosensitivity due to a combined effect of radiation and other factors related to the space environment and to the space flight. Results of the EXOBLOC II experiment support this assumption. On earth, vibrations or accelerations applied before or after irradiation can change the responses to radiation. Microgravity could be the main factor affecting the radiosensitivity and DNA repair but this hypothesis must be confirmed by additional experiments.     

How Galactic Cosmic Ray models affect the estimation of radiation exposure in space

The radiation environment in space is a major concern for human spaceflight because of the adverse effects of high levels of radiation on astronauts’ health. Therefore, it is essential to perform radiation risk assessments already during the concept studies of a manned mission. Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) have been identified to be one of the primary sources of radiation exposure in space.     

MONITORING OF ENERGETIC PARTICLE ENVIRONMENT INSIDE THE CHINA-BRAZIL EARTH RESOURCE SATELLITE

On 14 October 1999, the Chinese-Brazil earth resource satellite (CBERS-1) was launched in China. On board of the satellite there was an instrument designed at Peking University to detect the energetic particle radiation inside the satellite so the radiation fluxes of energetic particles in the cabin can be monitored continuously. Inside a satellite cabin, radiation environment consists of ether penetrated energetic particles or secondary radiation from satellite materials due to the interactions with primary cosmic rays.Purpose of the detectors are twofold, to monitor the particle radiation in the cabin and also to study the space radiation environment The data can be used to study the radiation environment and their effects on the electronics inside the satelhte cabin. On the other hand, the data are useful in study of geo-space energetic particle events such as solar proton events, particle precipitation and variations of the radiation belt since there should be some correlation between the radiation situation inside and outside the satellite.The instrument consists of two semi-conductor detectors for protons and electrons respectively. Each detector has two channels of energy ranges. They are 0.5-2MeV and ≥2MeV for electrons and 5-30MeV and 30-60MeV for protons. Counting rate for all channels are up to 104/(cm2@s)and power consumption is about 2.5 W. There are also the additional functions of CMOS TID (total integrated dose) effect and direct SEU monitoring. The data of CBMC was first sent back on Oct. 17 1999 and it's almost three years from then on. The detector has been working normally and the quality of data is good.The preliminary results of data analysis of CBMC not only reveal the effects of polar particle precipitation and radiation belt on radiation environment inside a satellite, but also show some important features of the geo-space energetic particle radiation.As one of the most important parameters of space weather, the energetic charged particles have great influences on space activities and ground tech nology. CBMC is perhaps the first long-term on-board special equipment to monitor the energetic particle radiation environment inside the satellite and the data it accnmulated are very useful in both satellite designing and space research.     

Cellular changes in microgravity and the design of space radiation experiments.

Cell metabolism, secretion and cell-cell interactions can be altered during space flight. Early radiobiology experiments have demonstrated synergistic effects of radiation and microgravity as indicated by increased mutagenesis, increased chromosome aberrations, inhibited development, and retarded growth. Microgravity-induced changes in immune cell functions include reduced blastogenesis and cell-mediated, delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, increased cytokine secretions, but inhibited cytotoxic effects and macrophage differentiation. These effects are important because of the high radiosensitivity of immune cells. It is difficult to compare ground studies with space radiation biology experiments because of the complexity of the space radiation environment, types of radiation damage and repair mechanisms. Altered intracellular functions and molecular mechanisms must be considered in the design and interpretation of space radiation experiments. Critical steps in radiocarcinogenesis could be affected. New cell systems and hardware are needed to determine the biological effectiveness of the low dose rate, isotropic, multispectral space radiation and the potential usefulness of radioprotectants during space flight.