Observations of whistler-type echoes on signals of a ground VLF transmitter on board the ‘iterkosmos-19’ satellite

Signals of VLF transmitters of the Omega navigation system located in the auroral zone (66.4°N, 13.2°E, L= 5) were recorded by the VLF receiving equipment of the Interkosmos 19 satellite. Signals at frequencies between 10.2 and 13.6 kHz were received in a region above the transmitters, frequently with whistler-type echoes. An analysis of these echoes has shown their predominating occurrence in periods of low geomagnetic activity (Kp<2+). The occurrence region of these phenomena in the outer ionosphere has the dimension of about 1000 km and its position is betweenL= 2.5 and L= 4.4. The delay of echo-signals is practically the same during one satellite pass but its values for different satellite revolutions lie between 2.5 and 3.5 s. The frequency spectrum of these signals can be broadened up to 100 Hz. On the basis of calculations made, it can be shown that the experimental results are generally in accordance with the hypothesis of nonlinear ducting of VLF waves in the magnetosphere.     

3D radar wavefield tomography of comet interiors

Answering fundamental questions about the origin and evolution of small planetary bodies hinges on our ability to image their surface and interior structure in detail and at high resolution. The interior structure is not easily accessible without systematic imaging using, e.g., radar transmission and reflection data from multiple viewpoints, as in medical tomography. Radar tomography can be performed using methodology adapted from terrestrial exploration seismology. Our feasibility study primarily focuses on full wavefield methods that facilitate high quality imaging of small body interiors. We consider the case of a monostatic system (co-located transmitters and receivers) operated in various frequency bands between 5 and 15?MHz, from a spacecraft in slow polar orbit around a spinning comet nucleus. Using realistic numerical experiments, we demonstrate that wavefield techniques can generate high resolution tomograms of comets nuclei with arbitrary shape and complex interior properties.     

Ionospheric precursors of earthquakes recorded by VLF receiver at Tashkent IHY station

Tashkent International Heliophysical Year (IHY) station is a member of Atmospheric Weather Electromagnetic System for Observation, Modeling and Education (AWESOME) network being operated globally to study the ionosphere and the magnetosphere with the help of electromagnetic waves in Very Low Frequency (VLF) band. Regular monitoring of the D- and F-layers of ionosphere over Central Asia territory is being performed on the permanent basis starting year 2008. We have studied VLF amplitude anomalies related to the EQs occurred in 2008–2009 years with magnitude more than 5 on the path way from the VLF transmitters to the Tashkent station assuming that propagation of VLF ground-based transmitters signals can be perturbed by EQ preparation detectable from the ground-based measurements in the VLF bands. For analyzing narrowband data we have used the nighttime fluctuation (NF) method paying attention to the data obtained during the local nighttime (20:00 LT–04:00 LT) in Tashkent where the VLF receiver is operating. The mean nighttime amplitude (or trend) and nighttime fluctuation are found to increase significantly before the EQ occurred on the path way from the transmitters to the receiver. The obtained results have revealed an agreement with VLF amplitude anomalies observed in Tashkent VLF station during the strong EQs occurred on the path way from the transmitters to the receiver. Some results are presented to show the probing potentiality of VLF waves to predict short term EQs with high magnitude.     

基于小波变换和神经网络的机械故障检测方法

针对机械故障中遇到的问题,提出了基于小波变换和神经网络故障检测方法,小波变换理论能够根据被分析信号的特征,自适应地选择相应频带,使之与信号频谱相匹配,从而提高了时-频分辨力。利用小波变换对信号原始信息进行分解,得到信号的不同特征向量。将不同的特征向量送入不同子神经网络进行诊断,并通过神经网络做出最后的诊断。该系统具有知识自动获取、识别速度快、鲁棒性及容错能力强等特点,实例证明该系统是有效的。     

Digisonde observations of TIDs with frequency and angular sounding technique

A technique for studying ionospheric wavelike phenomena, primarily AGW/TID events, is developed based on the solution of the problem of radio wave propagation in ionospheric plasma disturbed by wavelike processes. A perfectly reflecting surface model is used for representing TIDs propagating at ionospheric heights. This technique is a generalization of the Frequency-and-Angular Sounding (FAS) method developed earlier for oblique TID diagnostics using transmitters of opportunity. Trial measurements were made in November 2003 with two DPS-4 systems at Millstone Hill Observatory, providing experimental validation of the developed method by comparing the results of disturbance diagnostics to those simultaneously obtained with the original (oblique) FAS method. The TID parameters recovered during the November 2003 campaign suggest that the observed disturbances predominately propagated equatorward which likely indicates their sources to be in the auroral region. The equatorward propagating AGW/TIDs are typical for disturbed geomagnetic conditions which were observed during the campaign. Implementation of the generalized FAS technique in the DPS sounder allowed development of a dedicated data acquisition system for ionospheric disturbance diagnostics. Routine measurements with the developed technique using the existing world-wide network of Digisondes (GIRO) will make it possible to conduct large-scale studies of the AGW/TID phenomena.     

基于数字技术的高精度守时系统

高精密时间频率系统是现代化战争中实现精确打击的基础,而守时工作是精密时间频率系统的基础和核心内容。随着卫星定位定时系统的不断发展,利用远程传输的标准时间信号在本地获取高精度的时间成为一种相对便宜而方便的方法。对与标准时间服务相关的时间同步方法及守时技术进行了研究和分析,并结合工程实际设计了一种10^-9量级高精度时间同步和保持系统。测试结果表明,该系统应用效果良好,可广泛应用于通讯、电力、交通和计算机网络时间同步等领域。     

六端口技术的时域分析

本文阐述了用同轴双六端口自动网络分析仪测量非互易二端口器件的原理,以及所用的计算机软件数学模型。出了100～1000MHz频段内测量铁氧体隔离器参数的实验结果。     

压电网络板的机电耦合动力学特性

借鉴复合材料结构建模中的均匀化处理方法建立了压电网络板机电耦合动力学方程并对其进行求解,获得了耦合系统的频率特征方程;通过求解频率特征方程发现压电网络板的固有模态以耦合模态对的形式存在;在此基础上对耦合系统的频率特性进行了分析,表明耦合模态对的特征频率值随着电感的变化会出现频率转向现象.进一步通过对系统在频率转向区能量转换规律的研究,揭示了压电网络板中频率转向的意义.最后,分析了压电网络板设计参数对频率转向区特性的影响,为压电网络板的合理设计提供了理论参考.     

1dB增益压缩点的自动测试方法—对HP85016A／B系统软件的一项重大改进

ＨＰ８５０１６Ａ／Ｂ系统软件适用于在射频─—微波频段中使用ＨＰ８７５７Ｃ／ＨＰ８３５０Ｂ标量网络分析仪测试无源网络（部件）的传输／反射。讨论了确定在遥测系统广为使用的有源网络（部件）的线性区域的方法，提出了利用ＨＰ８７５７Ｃ标网本身进行１ｄＢ增益压缩的测试，以实现ＮＰ８５０１６Ａ／Ｂ自动化测试系统延伸到有源网络（部件）测试的设想，程序的实施及勺ＨＰ８５０１６Ａ／Ｂ完命地接融，从而关键性地扩大了ＨＰ８５０１６Ａ／Ｂ在遥测分系统测试的使用。     

Radio aurora magnetic and streaming aspect sensitivities on 6 simultaneous links at 50 MHz

During August 1981, a 50 MHz c.w. radar system was operated in central Canada to measure auroral scatter amplitudes and Doppler spectra from a scattering region centered near 66° magnetic invariant latitude (L ≈ 6.0). Narrow beams from 3 transmitters, differing in frequency by 1 KHz, were directed to cover a common volume of the ionosphere over a ground location at 56.3°N, 103.5°W. The scattered signals were received on narrow beam antennas at two receiving sites, and recorded in analog form on magnetic tape under the control of an AIM65 microcomputer. The analog tapes were digitized later and FFT-processed to obtain Doppler spectra and amplitudes.The 6 transmission paths were designed to provide several magnetic aspect angles varying by 1.5°-7° from perpendicularity with the earth's field B and two streaming aspect angles differing by ～38°. The objective was to employ controlled geometric factors to study the functional dependency of signal amplitudes and Doppler shifts on magnetic and streaming aspect angles. Several hundred hours of excellent data were obtained in continuous operation during the month of August 1981. Preliminary results will be reported.     

基于调制卷积神经网络的空地数据链信道估计

针对复杂环境下空地数据链正交频分复用(OFDM)系统信道估计精度不足的问题,提出了一种基于调制卷积神经网络(MCNN)和双向长短时记忆网络(BiLSTM)结合的信道估计算法。利用最小二乘算法(LS)提取初始信道状态信息(CSI);利用MCNN网络提取初始CSI的深度特征,并对网络模型进行压缩;利用BiLSTM网络对最终CSI进行预测,实现信道估计。利用构建的空地信道模型生成信道系数数据集,实现神经网络模型的训练与测试。仿真结果表明:与传统算法和现有深度学习方法相比,所提出的信道估计算法具有更小的估计误差,高信噪比条件下的系统误码率(BER)性能提升接近一个数量级;由于引入了调制滤波器技术,随着神经网络层数增加,网络模型参数量大幅减少。      

The bistatic radar capabilities of the Medicina radiotelescopes in space debris detection and tracking

An accurate measurement of the position and trajectory of the space debris fragments is of primary importance for the characterization of the orbital debris environment. The Medicina Radioastronomical Station is a radio observation facility that is here proposed as receiving part of a ground-based space surveillance system for detecting and tracking space debris at different orbital regions (from Low Earth Orbits up to Geostationary Earth Orbits). The proposed system consists of two bistatic radars formed by the existing Medicina receiving antennas coupled with appropriate transmitters. This paper focuses on the current features and future technical development of the receiving part of the observational setup. Outlines of possible transmitting systems will also be given together with the evaluation of the observation strategies achievable with the proposed facilities.     

基于光纤双环网的高精度时频同步技术研究

本文介绍了一种基于光纤双环网的时频同步技术设计方法，针对时频设备协同使用时如何获得高精度同步指标这一问题提出了一种设计思路。以系统时间源使用北斗/GPS/GLONASS，本系统同步精度优于5E-13，频率稳定度优于5E-13@1d；以UTC(BIRMM)输出的TOD+1PPS做系统时间源，本系统同步精度优于4E-13，频率稳定度优于6E-14@1d。本方案提出的方法原理简单，系统可根据使用情况进行裁剪，相比卫星双向等手段成本低廉，适合在时频同步领域推广。     

北斗/GNSS高精度时频终端测试方法探讨

基于虚拟仪器技术、网络技术和批量化测量技术,探讨北斗/GNSS高精度时频应用终端的测试手段;提出应用测试模块化和VXI/PXI/LXI总线技术的测试设计方案,该方案具有多路标准时间频率参考信号一致性设计和网络远程测试校准设计;同时,提出北斗/GNSS高精度时频终端测试校准系统的结构设计及其应用模式。这将能有效提高北斗/GNSS时频终端测试的集成化和智能化水平。     

Anthropogenic trigger of substorms and energetic particles precipitations

The high-frequency (HF) emission in near-Earth space from various powerful transmitters (radio communications, radars, broadcasting, universal time and navigation stations, etc.) form an integral part of the modern world that it cannot do without. In particular, special-purpose research facilities equipped with powerful HF transmitters are used successfully for plasma experiments and local modification of the ionosphere. In this work, we are using the results of a complex space-ground experiment to show that exposure of the subauroral region to HF emission can not only cause local changes in the ionosphere, but can also trigger processes in the magnetosphere–ionosphere system that result in intensive substorm activity (precipitations of high-energy particles, aurorae, significant variations in the ionospheric parameters and, as a consequence, in radio propagation conditions).     

基于电阻法的工艺液位传感器测量系统及其校准装置的研制

介绍了一种基于电阻法的工艺液位传感器测量系统的设计与实现，该传感器测量系统包括利用液位传感器、点式液位传感器、耗尽关机液位传感器与剩余液位传感器及对应的变送器。设计了相应的半自动校准系统对传感器的精度进行标定，分析了测量结果的不确定度。经过测试，所有传感器各项指标均满足设计要求。该传感器的研制解决了现有容积计量及液压试验系统不能对贮箱各不同部位进行容积和高度监测的问题。     

Low-latitude ionospheric scintillations and total electron content obtained with the CITRIS instrument on STPSat1 using radio transmissions from DORIS ground beacons

The primary objective of the Scintillation and Tomography Receiver in Space (CITRIS) is to detect ionospheric irregularities from space at low latitude. For this purpose, the satellite receiver uses the UHF and S-Band transmissions of the ground network of Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) beacons. CITRIS, developed at the Naval Research Laboratory, differs from the normal DORIS receiver by being able to capture and store the complex amplitude of the 401.25 and 2036.25 MHz transmissions at 200 Hz sample rate. Ground processing of the CITRIS data yields total electron content (TEC) and both phase and amplitude scintillations. With CITRIS flying on the US Space Test Program (STP) satellite STPSat1, 2 years of data were collected and processed to determine the fluctuations in ionospheric TEC and radio scintillations associated with equatorial irregularities. CITRIS flights over DORIS transmitters yield direct measurements of the horizontal plasma density fluctuations associated with equatorial plasma bubbles. Future flights of CITRIS can provide valuable complements to other satellite instruments such as GPS occultation receivers used to estimate vertical electron density profiles in the ionosphere.     

ELF radio signals produced in the auroral ionosphere by non-linear demodulation of signals from high-power amplitude-modulated transmitters

ELF and VLF radio signals were recorded in the afternoon to early morning (local time) between 24 March and 4 April 1979, in Northern Scandinavia. Apart from signals of natural origin, timing signals, i.e. six pips of equal duration of 105 ± 8 ms, at 1 kHz ± 0.5 Hz, were observed on the hour UT. Such signals only occur on days of relatively high geomagnetic activity during enhanced auroral electrojet activity. They are believed to be generated by non-linear demodulation (self-detection) of signals from two or more amplitude modulated transmitters in the USSR, operating at 173, 200, 236, 263 and 657 kHz. The simplest explanation for the observations is provided by the three transmitters operating at 173 kHz.