锶原子冷却与光晶格装载

锶原子光钟冷却实验实现原子由一级宽带冷却到二级窄线宽冷却转移二级冷却后原子温度约为2μK;晶格激光在原子冷却过程中始终开启,实现原子边冷却边装载。     

超深冷:凸现与穿越

宇宙大爆炸产生了巨大的热能，按理，宇宙应该是炽热的，事实上不是这么回事：宇宙冷却了。无疑宇宙有一套完善的降温系统。目前的宇宙空间普遍存在着－２７０℃以下的超深冷。而根据我们的常识，任何物质的运动都不可能产生如此低的温度。我们知道热能是如何产生的，但对于超深冷现象，却是一无所知。宇宙中没有一个天体在“制造”超深冷，人类也从未发现热能或其他物质转化为超深冷的现象。在一定的空间，温度始终处于上升的趋势，因此，在实验室似乎无法揭示超深冷的秘密。宇宙大爆炸产生了巨大的热能，而现今的宇宙空间普遍存在着超深冷…     

基于冷原子的量子真空计量技术研究进展

在国际单位制量子化变革背景下,随着激光冷却碱金属原子技术的发展,基于冷原子的真空测量技术研究成为实现超高/极高真空范围量子化测量的突破点。本文对基于冷原子的真空测量方法进行原理解析,分析该方法的优缺点,并介绍了国内外计量机构对基于冷原子真空测量装置的研究进展情况,及项目组设计的基于冷原子量子真空测量装置原理及运作方式。综上可知,基于冷原子的量子真空测量方法在超高/极高真空计量领域具有独特优势,是实现超高/极高真空范围量子化真空测量的研究热点。结合基于冷原子的量子真空测量装置和abinitio算法,将成为超高/极高真空计量领域原级标准的测量方法之一。     

用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统设计

针对铯光泵磁强计对原子气室温度高稳定性及无磁干扰的要求，设计了一种用于铯光泵磁强计的无磁恒温控制系统。该系统主要包括无磁加热器件与无磁恒温控制电路。无磁加热器件采用微机电系统工艺的双层对称四线结构，可有效抑制电流产生的磁场；无磁恒温控制电路通过交流加热进一步减小恒定磁场干扰，以现场可编程门阵列为核心，使用直接数字式频率合成技术产生高频加热信号，再经功率放大进行无磁恒温控制，减少硬件电路资源。测试结果表明，气室恒温控制的温度噪声峰峰值可达到0.02 ℃，满足光泵磁强计的性能要求。     

7.5厘米低温噪声标准源

一、前言由于卫星通讯和远距离探测技术的迅速发展,低噪声接收系统大量被应用,所以,要求精密测试各种低噪声整机系统和低噪声部件的噪声性能。为此,我们建立了7.5厘米波段低温噪声标准及其校准系统。标准源工作频率约4015兆赫,采用液氮直接冷却方式,输出形式为BJ—48波导型。室温输出法兰上的资用噪声温度为液氮温度 0.66K,其准确度为±0.05 K。     

高空气球热力学模型与上升过程仿真分析

基于对高空气球热力学环境的分析,建立了热力学与动力学耦合的高空气球动力学模型;并采用该模型对某高空气球的上升与驻留过程进行仿真分析.结果表明:高空气球上升过程中内部氦气存在"超冷"现象,其中平流层区域"超冷"明显,氦气平均温差为-19 K;由于"超冷",其上升速度曲线呈双"V"形变化;强太阳辐射与弱对流环境使驻留过程中氦气呈现"超热"现象,平衡时氦气平均温度比环境温度高39 K,球内氦气超压648.8 Pa.数值仿真的速度、平均温度变化规律与相关飞行试验数据相吻合,说明该仿真模型是有效的.      

减压直流等离子体射流电子温度的双静电探针测量

建立了一套双静电探针诊断系统,用于检测在气流量为4．2slm、弧电流为80A、真空室压力为165Pa的条件下纯氩直流非转移弧等离子体射流的电子温度及其分布。结果表明：发生器出口处射流中心的电子温度约为14500K,射流中电子温度随离开发生器出口的轴向或径向距离的增加而单调降低;径向电子温度梯度约为263K／mm,轴向电子温度梯度为69K／mm;射流中电子温度随弧电流增加而单调上升。     

粗糙度对涡轮叶片流动转捩及传热特性的影响

为研究表面粗糙度对涡轮叶片流动转捩以及传热特性的影响,在自行开发的CFD程序平台上提出了对γ-Re_θ转捩模型的粗糙度修正方法,并参考平板绕流和涡轮叶栅的实验数据对该方法进行验证。考虑粗糙度效应的影响,对Mark Ⅱ涡轮导叶5411工况进行数值模拟,得到如下结论:表面粗糙度对层流边界层换热系数影响不大,而对湍流边界层则有较大影响,进而显著改变壁面温度分布;与光滑壁面相比,5μm的等效沙粒粗糙度使吸力面湍流区域壁面温度升高约5.7K,100μm粗糙度使壁面温度升高28.4 K,增幅达5%左右;当壁面粗糙度较低时,激波干涉对吸力面边界层的转捩起主导作用,而当粗糙度大于某临界值时,其作用会使转捩位置突然变化,本算例中该临界值近似为150μm。      

冷原子喷泉的改进与应用

论述了冷原子喷泉的改进与应用,评述了冷原子喷泉二十年发展的进步,展望了冷原子喷泉研究和发展的前景。     

真空条件下多孔平板发汗冷却试验研究

发汗冷却是解决高速飞行器关键部位热防护问题的有效途径。以不同材料的多孔平板为研究对象，以水为冷却剂，利用自行设计搭建的试验平台对多孔平板发汗冷却过程进行瞬态试验测量，得到了不同热流加热环境下不同材料多孔平板内外壁温度变化，并分析冷却剂对不同材料的冷却效果。结果表明:发汗冷却极大降低了多孔平板内外壁温度，起到了有效的主动热防护作用。对于镍、铜金属多孔平板，保持冷却剂水流量约3.5 g/s，在热流密度小于120 kW/m2的条件下，多孔平板内外壁温度稳定在30~50℃。对于陶瓷多孔平板，保持冷却剂水流量约0.32 g/s，在热流密度小于220 kW/m2的条件下，多孔平板内外壁温度基本稳定在30~40℃。在高热流密度315 kW/m2的条件下，对于镍、铜金属和陶瓷多孔平板，发汗冷却时平板内壁温度变化不大，外壁温度分别稳定在约260℃、110℃和130℃。外壁冷却剂处于完全汽化状态，且冷却剂汽化相变位置在多孔平板内部。若无发汗冷却，多孔平板内外壁温度快速升高，其平衡温度较有发汗冷却时大幅提高，进一步表明发汗冷却的巨大应用潜力。      

近红外绝对光谱响应度传递标准的研制CSCD

在光辐射计量中,陷阱探测技术是一种重要的探测技术,陷阱探测器是光辐射功率基准量值保持和传递的主要媒介。 InGaAs 陷阱探测器常被作为（900～1700）nm 波段光辐射计量的传递标准。本文基于陷阱探测技术,针对近红外波段量值传递的需求,研制了 InGaAs 陷阱探测器,并进行了性能测试。测试结果显示：在1064nm处绝对光谱响应率为0.7098A/ W,测量不确定度达到0.1%,在（0.1～3） mW 内,其非线性指标优于0.99993,1h 测试非稳定性为0.00495%,空间非均匀性达到0.05%,满足作为传递标准的技术要求。     

A new spectrometric measurement of atmospheric 63 μm emission

Absolute zenith intensities of the atomic oxygen fine structure emission at 63 μm were measured above Kiruna, Sweden, on 9 December 1981 in the altitude regime of 85 km to 237 km. The measured data are compared with theoretical predictions for this emission. Both local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and non-LTE conditions were assumed for the model intensity calculations. The importance of the 63 μm emission as a cooling mechanism of the thermosphere is briefly discussed.     

Scientific results from the pioneer Saturn infrared radiometer

The Pioneer 11 Infrared Radiometer instrument made observations of Saturn and its rings in broadband channels centered at 20 and 45 μm and obtained whole-disk information on Titan. A planetary average effective temperature of 96.5±2.5 K implies a total emission 2.8 times the absorbed sunlight. Correlation with radio science results implies that the molar fraction of H₂ is 90±3% (assuming the rest is He). Temperatures at the 1 bar level are 137 to 140 K; regions appearing cooler may be overlain by a cloud acting as a 124 K blackbody surface. A minimum temperature averaging 87 K is reached near 0.06 bars. Ring boundaries and optical depths are consistent with those at optical wavelengths. Ring temperatures are 64–86 K on the south (illuminated) side, ～54 K on the north (unilluminated) side, and at least 67 K in Saturn's shadow. There is evidence for a south to north drop in ring temperatures. Titan's 45 μm brightness temperature is 75±5 K.     

Behavior of the atomic oxygen 557.7 nm atmospheric emission in the solar cycle 23

We present the results of nightglow observation of the atomic oxygen 557.7 nm line emission in the solar cycle 23. We use the experimental data obtained at Geophysical observatory near Irkutsk (52°N, 103°E), Russia, for the 1997–2006 period. The 557.7 nm emission observations data are compared with atmospheric and solar parameters. We note a difference in correlation coefficients between the 557.7 nm emission intensity and the solar activity indices in different phases of the solar cycle. Airglow observation results are compared with the observational data obtained by other authors.     

The manifestation of seismic activity in 557.7 nm emission variations of the earth's upper atmosphere

For the Baikal seismic zone (East Siberia region, 52°N, 103°E) the Earth's upper atmosphere radiation parameters were analysed for 557.7 nm emission line of atomic oxygen [OI] (de-excitation heights 85–115 km) during earthquakes. The analysis revealed an increase in mean night-time 557.7 nm emission intensities prior to earthquakes, with a decrease in intensities during post-earthquake days. Preliminary results of a spectral analysis suggest possible changes in spectra (from a few to tens of minutes) of 557.7 nm emission prior to and after earthquakes. The results are compared with those obtained for the earthquakes in the Central Asian region.     

低温辐射计吸收腔研制

针对高灵敏度低温辐射计研制需求,提出一种低温辐射计吸收腔.设计椭球面光阑的多次反射结构,同时采用扩散焊工艺,进而实现了椭球面光阑、斜口—斜底圆柱腔和斜底面三部分的焊接成形,以此形成有效光陷阱,使入射到吸收腔中的辐射被近似完全吸收.制备具备多孔结构的碳纳米管涂层,采用喷涂为主的工艺实现腔体内壁涂层的均匀性分布.基于积分球...     

Initial phase of mid-latitude aurora during strong geomagnetic storms

Analysing the initial mid-latitude aurora phase during strong geomagnetic storms we found that the initial phase of the mid-latitude aurorae observed at 630 nm emission during the strong geomagnetic storms on March 24, 1991, April 6, 2000, October 30 and November 20, 2003 is characterized by a short (∼1 h) wave-like disturbance. This disturbance corresponds to the beginning of main phase of the magnetic storms. The marked effect of the mid-latitude aurorae is analyzed using data on magnetosphere and ionosphere conditions in observation periods. The features of the dynamics of the 630 nm emission intensity and its connection with the dynamics of magnetospheric–ionospheric structures are considered. Possible excitation mechanisms of the atomic oxygen emission (630 nm) during these disturbances are discussed.     

A Method of Inversing the Peak Density of Atomic Oxygen Vertical Distribution in the MLT Region From the OI (557.7nm) Night Airglow Intensity

In this paper, using the MSISE-90 model as the reference atmosphere, we discuss the feasibility and method of deducing the peak densities of the undisturbed atomic oxygen profiles in the MLT region (the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region) from OI (557.7 nm) night airglow intersities. The peak densities for different seasons, latitudes and longitudes are deduced from OI (557.7nm) airglow intensities through this expression. We analyze the features of inversion relative errors and discuss the influence of the variations in temperature on inversion errors. The results indicate that all inversion errors are less than 5% except for those at high altitudes in the summer hemisphere. And the impact of the variations in temperature on errors is not significant.      

分区式线型阱设计及其离子囚禁性能分析

基于分区式线型阱的汞离子微波钟已在国际上首次实现了空间在轨飞行验证，为今后深空探测技术领域实现单向导航奠定了基础。设计了一种基于“四极阱+十二极阱”的分区式线型离子阱，主要采用离子数密度分布模型，数值分析了轴向和径向的势阱结构特征，研究了该离子阱的离子囚禁性能，给出了囚禁离子的设计参数，估算了该离子阱应用于汞离子微波钟的二阶多普勒频移大小。论证了四极阱中实现光抽运与荧光探测，十二极阱中实现离子与微波相互作用及自由演化稳定存储功能的可行性。该项工作对于高性能离子囚禁钟和质谱仪的设计具有一定借鉴意义。     

掺磷纳米硅薄膜的微结构

采用喇曼(Raman)散射谱、高分辨率电子显微镜(HRTEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对掺磷纳米硅薄膜的微结构进行了分析,并对纳米硅薄膜的传导机制进行了探讨.结果表明:掺磷纳米硅薄膜由尺寸为2～4*#nm的晶粒和2～3个原子层厚的非晶界面构成,计算得到薄膜的晶态比为40%～55%.与本征纳米硅薄膜相比,掺磷纳米硅薄膜晶粒尺寸和晶态比没有明显变化,电导率却提高了2个数量级.随着掺磷浓度增加,纳米硅薄膜的晶粒尺寸、晶态比及电导率逐渐增大.AFM观察表明掺磷纳米硅薄膜由尺寸介于15～20*#nm的团簇构成,团簇排列具有带状特征.