基于二次方程组的邻近圆轨道四冲量最优交会

研究了一种基于二次方程组的邻近圆轨道四冲量最优交会的求解方法．给出邻近圆轨道交会的无量纲化动力学方程及相应的基向量方程,介绍由Carter提出的一种基于二次方程组的四冲量最优交会的求解方法,在提出邻近圆轨道最优冲量交会的原始解、相反解、对偶解、对偶相反解概念的基础上,分析基于二次方程组的四冲量最优交会的求解方法存在的问题,并给出修正方法．仿真结果表明,该方法是对Carter提出的基于二次方程组的四冲量最优交会求解方法的有效补充．     

误差情况下航天器交会任务的实现

在进行航天器交会对接制导方案设计时 ,必须考虑在误差情况下航天器交会任务的实现。在水平推力冲量多弧段交会机动方案基础上 ,设计了二次冲量修正法对各种误差引起的交会过程误差进行制导修正。仿真算例结果表明 ,设计的制导方法是可行的 ,而且不影响原交会机动制导方案的优点。     

最优冲量交会的研究进展

 对最优冲量交会的研究进展进行综述,介绍最优冲量交会中四类比较典型的研究成果：基于冲量校正理论的最优冲量交会、Lambert最优冲量交会、利用数值方法求解的最优冲量交会和基于邻近圆轨道交会理论的最优冲量交会,并分析这些类型的最优交会的特点。     

火星探测转移轨道初始设计与分析

根据推进方式和是否采用金星借力,火星转移轨道分为大推力直接转移轨道、大推力金星借力转移轨道、小推力直接转移轨道和小推力金星借力转移轨道4类。传统的轨道设计方法只是针对某一类特定的转移方案进行轨道优化,而并未针对不同的转移方案进行详细对比分析。文章以2020/2022年发射窗口为例,针对4类基本火星转移轨道进行研究。首先,基于不同轨道初始设计方法,对4类轨道进行了初始设计,得到了每类转移方案的能量最优转移轨道。然后,基于设计结果和能耗对4类转移方案进行了横向对比分析,得到了不同策略下的转移轨道的特性。基于小推力的火星探测任务轨道对发射能量要求低;大推力直接转移和借力金星的发射窗口交替分布,可以互为备份;基于小推力推进的探测器采用金星借力转移策略相比直接转移能够减少10%的能耗,优势十分明显。     

一种空间交会绕飞段的小推力滑移制导方法

小推力技术在空间交会任务中应用前景巨大,可用于长期绕飞和快速绕飞任务．研究滑移制导方法在空间绕飞中的具体应用,给出任意空间绕飞任务的描述方式,推导任意平面内的圆轨道绕飞和椭圆轨道绕飞公式．考虑实际工程需要,研究基于小推力发动机的滑移制导方法在工程上的实现问题,仿真验证了小推力技术在绕飞任务中的工程可行性．     

轨道维持与调相的综合优化策略研究

在交会对接飞行任务设计研究中必须首先确定目标航天器的轨道设计策略,研究了一种将目标航天器轨道维持和调相两种任务进行综合优化的策略.轨道维持的任务是使得目标航天器轨道的形状和位置符合交会要求,调相的任务是使目标航天器在轨道中的初始相位角符合交会要求.在考虑了交会对接发射窗口、交会终端约束条件下,将目标航天器轨道设计问题转化为一个非线性规划问题,应用序列二次规划方法对其进行了求解.仿真计算表明,这种方法既能以较少变轨次数满足交会对接任务要求,又能节省燃料,为空间交会对接任务规划提供了重要参考.     

航天器轨道交会迭代制导算法

针对航天器轨道交会的脉冲推力模型与实际发动机连续推力模型不相符的问题,研究一种脉冲变轨策略的工程实现方法,使脉冲变轨策略可应用于工程实际.基于Lambert飞行时间定理和遗传算法,研究航天器最优脉冲变轨策略.根据脉冲变轨优化的结果,采用迭代制导算法研究脉冲变轨工程化问题.仿真结果验证了迭代制导算法在航天器轨道交会中的有效性.     

基于冲量变轨原理的地球同步卫星有限推力变轨策略

  推力有限时,地球同步轨道卫星在远地点变轨的弧段很长,会导致较多的燃料消耗。基于冲量变轨原理,研究了地球同步轨道卫星远地点有限推力多次变轨问题,提出了具有星下点约束的最省燃料变轨方案,给出了每次变轨的推力方向和点火起止时刻及最优中间过渡轨道。仿真结果验证了该方案的有效性。     

小卫星三轴稳定模式下的有限推力轨道转移

由搭载方式发射的小卫星,通常需要变轨才能进入自己的工作轨道。这种变轨一般由小推力发动机执行,传统的冲量变轨方法存在较大局限性。文章研究了在小推力作用下,小卫星由椭圆停泊轨道进入共面圆工作轨道的点火信息求解方法;给出对地定向三轴稳定模式下和俯仰角偏置三轴稳定模式下的变轨控制仿真结果;提供了对任务设计有参考价值的结论。     

全电推进卫星轨道优化的推力同伦解法

全电推进卫星的入轨过程是一个典型的多圈小推力轨道优化问题，由于其推力器加速度小，变轨圈数多，造成其最优理论解的求解较困难。为解决该问题，利用最优控制理论建立了全电推进卫星变轨优化的间接法模型，将变轨优化问题转化为协态变量初值猜测的两点边值问题。从大推力问题开始，通过遗传算法获得大范围猜测值并结合系列二次规划方法获得大推力的精确解。采用推力同伦思想，使用逐渐缩小推力的方式完成小推力问题的求解。仿真算例表明，采用推力同伦的方法，通过数十次的推力缩减即可有效解决多达上百圈变轨的静止轨道全电推进卫星入轨优化问题。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Concept options for the aerial survey of Titan

Various aerial platforms intended for long endurance survey of the Titan surface are presented. A few novel concepts are introduced, including a heated methane balloon and a balloon with a tethered wind turbine. All the concept options are predicted to have lower scientific payload fractions than the Huygens probe. It is concluded that the selection of the best aerial platform option depends on more accurate mass estimates and a clear decision on whether, or not, in situ surface composition measurements are required in conjunction with aerial remote sensing.     

Heterogeneous solid/gas chemistry of organic compounds related to comets,meteorites, Titan,and Mars: Laboratory and in lower Earth orbit experiments

To understand the evolution of organic molecules involved in extraterrestrial environments and with exobiological implications, many experimental programs in the laboratory are devoted to photochemical studies in the gaseous phase as well as in the solid state. The validity of such studies and their applications to extraterrestrial environments can be questioned as long as experiments conducted in space conditions, with the full solar spectrum, especially in the short wavelength domain, have not been implemented. The experiments that are described here will be carried out on a FOTON capsule, using the BIOPAN facility, and on the International Space Station, using the EXPOSE facility. Vented and sealed exposition cells will be used, which will allow us to study the chemical evolution in the gaseous phase as well as heterogeneous processes, such as the degradation of solid compounds and the release of gaseous fragments.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

The ESA scientific programme

The ESA scientific programme has, so far, provided several significant astrophysics experiments and further important missions are scheduled for execution during the next decade. These missions are briefly summarised together with several astrophysics investigations presently under study.     

HELIO: The Heliophysics Integrated Observatory

Heliophysics is a new research field that explores the Sun–Solar System Connection; it requires the joint exploitation of solar, heliospheric, magnetospheric and ionospheric observations.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

应用于毫米波反射计的多项式校准方法

为了在毫米波波段准确测量波导器件的反射系数,提出了一种应用在反射系数测试前端(反射计)中的校准方法.该校准方法采用基于多项式的误差模型,使得每一个误差项的求解都转化成一个求解轨迹圆圆心的问题,同时不影响求解精度.采用一个滑动负载、一个滑动短路和一个短路器,在毫米波波段降低了对标准件理想程度的要求.实验中搭建了一个Ka波段的反射计,图解误差项的求解过程,分析了误差项的物理意义.把校准后的测量结果与商用矢量网络分析仪(VNA,Vector Network Analyzer)进行比较,吻合较好.同样比较了一组W波段反射计对波纹喇叭的测量结果,进一步验证了方法的合理性.