双系缆气球绳网系统的建模、配平及稳定性

为研究一种双系缆气球绳网系统的气球、绳网的设计问题和系统抗风能力的评估问题,建立了考虑风影响的双系缆气球绳网系统的数学模型,其中包括在体轴系下建立的气球的数学模型、根据无限细化理论建立的系缆的数学模型和按照一定的简化假设建立的绳网的数学模型;在配平状态下引入小扰动假设,使非线性方程组线化,并分析了该系统对阶跃风扰动的响应和稳定性.仿真计算结果表明该系统的设计合理并具有一定的抗风能力.      

Progress of super-pressure balloon development: A new “tawara” concept with improved stability

The super-pressure balloon (SPB) has been expected to be a flight vehicle that can provide a long flight duration to science. Since 1997, we have developed the SPB. Now we are at the phase of developing an SPB of a practical size. In 2009, we carried out a test flight of a pumpkin-shaped SPB with a 60,000 m³ volume. The undesirable result of this flight aroused us to resolve the deployment instability of the pumpkin-shaped SPB, which has been known as one of the most challenging issues confronting SPB development. To explore this deployment issue, in 2010, we carried out a series of ground tests. From results of these tests, we found that an SPB design modified from pumpkin, named “tawara”, can be a good candidate to greatly improve the deployment stability of the lobed SPB.     

基于叶脉分枝结构的飞机盖板结构仿生设计

针对薄壁件的轻量化设计要求,在对王莲叶脉分枝结构形态和构型规律分析基础上,以飞机盖板原型为对象,应用结构仿生设计方法,对盖板内部的筋板分布形式进行结构仿生设计,利用ANSYS APDL参数化设计语言建立仿生型结构的参数化模型并进行筋板结构参数优化.有限元分析结果表明,相对于原型盖板,结构参数优化后的仿生型盖板质量减小,比强度结构效能有较大提高,静力学性能明显改善.     

Development of a super-pressure balloon with a diamond-shaped net

The essential reason of the lobed-pumpkin shaped super-pressure balloon to withstand against the high pressure is that the local curvature of the balloon film is kept small. Recently, it has been found that the small local curvature can also be obtained if the balloon is covered by a diamond-shaped net with a vertically elongated shape. The development of the super-pressure balloon using this method was started from a 3-m balloon with a polyethylene film covered by a net using Kevlar ropes. The ground inflation test showed the expected high burst pressure. Then, a 6-m and a 12-m balloon using a polyethylene film and a net using the Vectran were developed and stable deployment was checked through the ground inflation tests. The flight test of a 3000 m³ balloon was performed in 2013 and shown to resist a pressure of at least 400 Pa. In the future, after testing a new design to relax a possible stress concentration around the polar area, test flights of scaled balloons will be performed gradually enlarging their size. The goal is to launch a 300,000 m³ super-pressure balloon.     

刚性太阳电池阵基板的研究

文章简要地叙述碳纤维复合材料刚性太阳电池阵基板的结构设计,理论分析,模态试验和振动试验。理论分析和试验结果比较一致。通过试验还解决了基板各种复合材料的力学性能测试问题,取得了必要的数据。     

Feasibility study of a sea-anchored stratospheric balloon for long-duration flights

Sea-anchored balloons are stratospheric super-pressure balloons that are anchored to the sea. The sea-anchored balloon is a simple system that has the capability for long-duration flights, fixed-point observations, flexible launch windows, easy telemetry links to ground stations, and quick recoveries. Such balloons are not required to fly through the jet stream while tethered to the ground or sea, because the tether is deployed from a reel on the balloon after reaching a floating altitude. In this study, the feasibility of the sea-anchored balloon is investigated, with particular emphasis on the tether strength, balloon altitude, and system mass, based on the present technological level of the tether’s specific strength. Although the wind distribution with altitude is a dominant factor for feasibility, a sea-anchored balloon with an altitude of about 25 km would be feasible if the velocity of the jet stream is sufficiently low. The sea-anchored balloon can be simply flight-tested, since additional ground facilities and special flight operations are not necessary.     

充气式机翼的颤振特性分析

充气式机翼的结构刚度由内充气压决定,其颤振特性需要建立静、动力学耦合的分析方法.机翼结构刚度和固有振动特性需要在静力分析基础上计算,进一步计算非定常气动力,从而采用传统的颤振计算方法分析其颤振特性.针对某一充气式机翼采用膜单元建立了有限元模型.在不同内充压条件下,对充气机翼进行了静力分析得到其结构刚度;然后对机翼进行模态计算和颤振分析.研究表明:各阶模态的频率随内充气压的升高而升高;除典型的弯扭模态外,充气机翼的弦向弯曲模态频率较低;充气机翼的颤振形式除常规的弯扭模态耦合外,弦向弯曲模态同样会发生颤振;机翼的临界颤振速度随内充压的变化近似呈分段线性变化;临界颤振模态及耦合分支在一定气压范围内保持不变.      

Second generation prototype design and testing for a high altitude Venus balloon

This paper describes the development of a second generation prototype balloon intended for flight in the upper atmosphere of Venus. The design of this new prototype incorporates lessons learned from the construction and testing of the first generation prototype, including finite element analyses of the balloon stresses and deformations, measured leak performance after handling and packaging, permeability and optical property measurements on material samples, and sulfuric acid testing. An improved design for the second generation prototype was formulated based on these results, although the spherical shape and 5.5 m diameter size were retained. The resulting balloon has a volume of 87 m³ and is capable of carrying a 45 kg payload at a 55 km altitude at Venus. The design and fabrication of the new prototype is described, along with test data for inflation and leakage performance.     

系留气球时域响应分析

为研究系留气球稳定性,建立了系留气球的三维非线性动力学模型.缆绳采用有限差分法,球体采用经典的六自由度方程,其中气动力导数以静导数、动导数和附加质量表示.以主节点运动为边界条件,以静态构型为初始条件,建立完整耦合动力学方程.利用直接求解非线性偏微分方程的方法对该系统进行时域响应分析,考察了风速对纵向和横侧向稳定性的影响,并给出相应的响应曲线.直接求解非线性耦合方程的成功,表明该数学模型及其解法是可行的.      

基于智能优化算法和有限元法的多线圈均匀磁场优化设计

针对多线圈均匀磁场优化设计中的高阶求导及优化结果可信度评估问题,提出一种基于智能优化算法和有限元法相结合的多线圈均匀磁场优化设计方法。首先,确定待优化参数,并以磁场偏差率作为目标函数;然后,采用智能优化算法对目标函数进行寻优;最后,基于优化得到的结构参数,建立相应的有限元仿真模型,检验优化结果的可信度。以2组亥姆霍兹线圈的结构参数优化为例,仿真结果表明,本文方法求得的最优参数优于传统的求导方法寻优得到的参数,且经过有限元法检验后,该优化结果的可信度得到了确认。      

单元构架式抛物面天线张紧绳索多层设计方法

星载抛物面天线在轨运行时由于姿态调整或环境因素变化,可能产生振动,从而降低其工作性能。为了减弱振动的影响,需采取加装张紧绳索的方法来提升天线刚度。提出了一种新型张紧绳索多层设计方法,通过将抛物面天线划分为多层,调整各层绳索的张紧力,从而提高天线结构刚度,同时尽量降低张紧力引起的形面误差。为了验证所提方法的有效性,建立了天线的有限元模型。在此基础上进行了有限元分析,研究了不同张紧力参数配置下的结构刚度和形面误差,并以提升结构刚度的同时降低张紧力引起的形面误差为目标,对张紧力参数进行了优化设计。为了提高计算效率,采用响应面法建立代理模型参与优化迭代计算。采用非劣排序遗传算法（NSGA-Ⅱ）完成优化迭代计算,优化后的张紧力参数使天线的性能得到了进一步的提升,为构架式可展开抛物面天线的设计提供理论指导。      

自适应压电桁架形状控制中作动器优化配置

以压电作动器为控制元件,建立了自适应桁架形状控制基本方程.考虑结构性状约束和电压限制,建立了以作动器位置和控制电压为设计变量,以形状精度、控制能量和作动器数目的加权表达式为目标函数的作动器优化配置数学模型.由于作动器和普通杆具有不同的单元刚度,作动器每一种不同的位置配置都会导致结构总刚度矩阵的变化,因此单独采用遗传算法需要进行大量的结构计算.为了减少结构分析次数,提出了多点近似、遗传算法和二次规划相结合的优化方法.算例结果表明本文方法具有很高的求解效率.      

A comprehensive numerical model investigating the thermal-dynamic performance of scientific balloon

The increase of balloon applications makes it necessary for a comprehensive understanding of the thermal and dynamic performance of scientific balloons. This paper proposed a novel numerical model to investigate the thermal and dynamic characteristics of scientific balloon in both ascending and floating conditions. The novel model consists of a dynamic model and thermal model, the dynamic model was solved numerically by a computer program developed with Matlab/Simulink to calculate the velocity and trajectory, the thermal model was solved by the Fluent program to find out the balloon film temperature distribution and inner Helium gas velocity and temperature field. These models were verified by comparing the numerical results with experimental data. Then the thermal and dynamic behavior of a scientific balloon in a real environment were simulated and discussed in details.     

Structural Analysis About a New Solar Sail

The article presents a structural analysis of a new space probe-solar sail. It was deployed successfully on ground. The loads for an outer space mission was introduced and expressed with equation. As a special state, the largest load around earth was used to analyze the model by the finite element method. Some results about strain and stress was obtained after setting some initial parameters. Compared to the results in the literature, the results presented here are significant.      

三维点阵结构等效热分析与优化方法

为了实现三维点阵结构高效、准确的热传导分析,基于热力学原理,推导了点阵结构的热传导等效计算公式,提出了热传导等效分析模型的建模方法。运用等效建模方法,建立了点阵结构的等效有限元模型,通过对比非等效有限元模型的计算结果,证明了等效有限元模型热传导分析的高效性与准确性。针对功能与性能要求下的点阵结构优化设计问题,结合所提出的热传导等效分析方法给出了点阵结构优化方法并建立优化数学模型,利用混合整数序列二次规划（MISQP）算法进行迭代计算,得到了最优设计方案,使点阵结构在满足均热性能约束的同时质量得到了降低。      

Finite element analysis of an inflatable torus considering air mass structural element

Inflatable structures, also known as gossamer structures, are at high boom in the current space technology due to their low mass and compact size comparing to the traditional spacecraft designing. Internal pressure becomes the major source of strength and rigidity, essentially stiffen the structure. However, inflatable space based membrane structure are at high risk to the vibration disturbance due to their low structural stiffness and material damping. Hence, the vibration modes of the structure should be known to a high degree of accuracy in order to provide better control authority. In the past, most of the studies conducted on the vibration analysis of gossamer structures used inaccurate or approximate theories in modeling the internal pressure. The toroidal shaped structure is one of the important key element in space application, helps to support the reflector in space application. This paper discusses the finite-element analysis of an inflated torus. The eigen-frequencies are obtained via three-dimensional small-strain elasticity theory, based on extremum energy principle. The two finite-element model (model-1 and model-2) have cases have been generated using a commercial finite-element package. The structure model-1 with shell element and model-2 with the combination of the mass of enclosed fluid (air) added to the shell elements have been taken for the study. The model-1 is computed with present analytical approach to understand the convergence rate and the accuracy. The convergence study is made available for the symmetric modes and anti-symmetric modes about the centroidal-axis plane, meeting the eigen-frequencies of an inflatable torus with the circular cross section. The structural model-2 is introduced with air mass element and analyzed its eigen-frequency with different aspect ratio and mode shape response using in-plane and out-plane loading condition are studied.     

自由边界抛物薄壳的模态振型函数

基于membrane理论,推导出一组完全满足抛物薄壳自由边界条件的模态振型函数.通过模态分析实验得到自由边界抛物薄壳的低阶模态实验振型,将实验振型与有限元分析振型及依据模态振型函数所得到的理论振型进行对比,三者能够较好的吻合,表明所推导的模态振型函数可正确描述抛物薄壳的模态形状.     

结构动力学模型修正的一种参数型方法

从连续系统出发,利用应力-应变关系和惯性力公式推导出一种能量范数的本构关系误差公式,用它来构造结构动力学模型修正问题的数学模型;然后根据系统的稳态位移响应,通过一个迭代过程来求解.参数的估算与不完整的实验数据的扩充相互耦合,引入扰动项来反映参数的改变对扩充的影响.仿真算例对实验数据精确和有噪声2种情况进行了研究,结果表明方法合理、可行.      

Mechanical properties of ANTRIX balloon film and fabrication of single cap large volume balloons

The zero pressure plastic balloons used for high altitude studies are generally made from polyethylene material. Tensile properties of the thin film polymer are the key parameters for material selection due to extremely low temperature of −90 °C encountered by the balloons in the tropopause region during the ascent at equatorial latitudes. The physical and structural properties of the material determine the uniformity of the stress distribution over the entire shell. Load stresses from the suspended load propagate via load tapes heat sealed along with the gore seals as per the balloon design. A balance between this heat seal strength and the film strength is a desirable property of the basic resin in terms of the bubble strength, gauge uniformity, and long-term storage properties. In addition, the design of the top shell of the balloon and its stress distribution play an important role since only a fraction of the balloon is deployed during the filling operation and the ascent. In this paper we describe the mechanical properties of the ‘ANTRIX’ film developed by us and the optimized design of single cap balloons, which have been successfully used in our experiments over the past 5 years.     

航天器设备动力学分析模型简化方法与应用

针对航天器设备因构成复杂引起的动力学分析模型建模困难问题,提出一种基于拓扑优化技术的有限元模型简化方法,以设备实测质量特性为约束条件,通过拓扑优化方法确定设备有限元模型可行设计空间中的材料分布,实现对结构刚度性能的模拟,获得满足动力学特性分析需要的简化的设备有限元模型。应用该方法创建了某星敏感器简化有限元模型,得到的星敏感器简化模型与产品实际质量、质心位置和转动惯量特性基本一致,并且前两阶频率分析值与试验值之间最大偏差约为30%。将该简化模型应用于其支撑结构的动态响应性能评估,两者组合体固有频率及加速度响应趋势的分析数据在450Hz以下的频率范围内与试验数据吻合较好,固有频率最大偏差约为39%。星敏感器简化模型的应用验证了基于拓扑优化技术的有限元模型简化建模方法的可行性,为航天器上复杂设备动力学分析有限元模型的简化建模提供了一种新的解决途径。