基于网络同步的航天器编队飞行姿态控制方法

航天器编队飞行需要协同控制系统进行统一的协调管理,以实现协同工作。文章将网络同步控制理论应用于航天器编队飞行姿态控制,以提高航天器编队飞行姿态控制的协同性。首先,采用修正的罗德里格斯参数描述航天器姿态动力学;然后,基于网络同步控制算法,设计航天器编队飞行的非线性姿态协同控制律;考虑成员航天器间姿态变化的差异,采用混合控制技术,设计航天器编队飞行混合控制策略。仿真结果验证了控制方法和控制律的有效性,并且相比单一反馈机制,混合控制具有更好的控制品质。     

圆轨道航天器八面体编队构型轨道动力学分析

提出一个全新的八面体航天器编队构型,该构型体现出当前编队飞行多种轨道构型的特征,同时也适于作为空间演示试验的编队飞行模式。八面体编队构型的设计思路是基于C-W方程,轨道平面内沿航向编队构型可利用轨道动力学自然保持,正上方或正下方编队构型则需要依靠平面内控制来实现,垂直轨道平面的编队构型需要施加法向控制来实现。对基于C-W方程的悬停动力学模型进行了精度分析,最后以低轨道航天器的八面体编队构型为例进行了数学仿真验证。     

近地轨道集群航天器电磁编队飞行非线性反馈控制方法

针对近地轨道集群航天器电磁编队飞行的动力学和控制问题, 提出了一种非线性反馈控制方法. 基于电磁力模型和地磁场模型, 分析了地磁场对近地轨道电磁编队的影响; 建立了集群航天器电磁编队高精度相对轨道动力学模型; 基于Lyapunov稳定性理论设计了一种非线性反馈控制律, 利用该方法对两星电磁编队维持控制进行了仿真验证. 仿真结果表明, 地磁场引起的电磁干扰力可以忽略, 但是电磁干扰力矩的影响必须考虑; 近地轨道集群航天器电磁编队是可控的, 所设计的控制方法是可行的.      

航天器控制若干技术问题的新进展

航天器姿态和轨道控制技术是航天器研制中的关键技术,对实现复杂航天器的控制以及未来复杂的飞行任务都具有非常重要的作用。文中通过一些飞行实例概述国内外航天器控制技术的发展,论述了航天器控制技术在编队飞行、自主交会与对接和复杂对象控制中的进展。文章通过揭示航天器控制技术领域的研究和发展趋势,为我国航天器制导、导航与控制技术的发展提出建议。     

基于行为的非合作目标多航天器编队轨迹规划

目前航天器编队轨迹规划的研究并未综合考虑目标非合作性、构型复杂性及控制协同性等问题,针对非合作目标多航天器编队系统,提出了一种基于行为的相对运动轨迹规划方法。首先,基于聚集行为模型设计了期望运动场,将期望速度视为一系列具有不同行为特性的速度矢量和,通过构造平衡态构型公式计算行为调节参数。其次,采用高斯型环境函数描述了非合作目标特性,并通过C-W方程对期望运动场进行了改进,使得该方法在多航天器编队系统与非合作目标形成期望构型的过程中,既能避免编队成员之间发生碰撞,又能保证与非合作目标之间的安全距离。仿真结果表明,该算法可以使多航天器编队系统在3000s内运动至期望构型。该方法在复杂的、多个控制目标的编队飞行轨迹规划中优势明显,具有自主性、协同性、鲁棒性强等特点,同时可应用于不同类型的编队构型相对运动规划。     

编队飞行的小卫星精确定轨方法的研究

针对编队小卫星间的相对飞行特点，在Hill方程描述编队飞行小卫星间相对运动的基础上，提出利用星间无线电测距的相对自主定轨，来获得环绕小卫星精确轨道的卫星定轨方法。通过具体仿真计算，并与小卫星GPS自主定轨方法相比较。仿真结果表明，此方法确实有效。     

日心悬浮轨道混合推进航天器编队构型保持研究

针对混合推进航天器编队日心悬浮轨道保持控制问题进行了研究.首先推导出在日心悬浮轨道附近的航天器编队相对运动方程，考虑到航天器间距离变化值较小且航天器间距离与航天器到太阳的距离的比值为小量，将其在悬浮轨道附近线性化.基于该线性化方程，设计了一种LQR编队控制方式，该控制方式可通过调节太阳帆的姿态及航天器间库仑力的大小对编队构型进行改变或保持，具有响应速度快和控制简单的特点.最后对控制律进行数值仿真，表明该控制方法能实现编队.     

日地平动点编队飞行自抗扰轨道维持控制

对日地平动点附近的航天器编队控制问题进行研究,为解决基于局部线性化模型设计轨道保持控制器时存在的控制精度不高、模型精确性过度依赖等问题,提出基于圆型限制性三体问题的日-地/月系统L_2点附近主从式航天器编队飞行的相对位置控制问题的解决方法.将主航天器设定在Halo轨道上,从航天器利用自抗扰控制方法控制在主航天器周围,编队系统内的未知动力学和外部扰动由扩张状态观测器获得,并利用非线性误差反馈对其进行补偿.数值仿真结果显示采用0.1μN到10 m N的控制力即可使航天器相对位置误差控制在位置精度要求范围内,同时在存在未知干扰的情况下该方法依然具有很好的鲁棒性,从而验证优越性.     

编队飞行航天器平均轨道根数非线性控制研究

基于非线性动力学模型,研究了环绕编队航天器的相对运动控制问题,介绍了一种基于平均轨道根数的航天器编队飞行非线性闭环控制方法。以航天器在惯性坐标系下位置速度向量误差为输入量,给出了一种全状态反馈控制律,利用Lyapunov方法证明该闭环系统是渐进稳定的;最后利用该方法对一个编队进行控制,仿真结果表明了该控制方法的可行性。     

航天器相对运动与Hill解的适用性分析

研究了空间飞行器编队中最具基础性的问题之一 ,即相对运动的解析表达及 Hill方程的适用条件。通过建立相对运动的通解公式 ,针对不同性质的初值深入地分析了其相对运动轨迹的本质特征 ,并给出了 Hill方程的适用条件。此外 ,文中还给出了一个新的编队设计简化公式     

航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制

针对航天器在轨服务任务对绕飞技术的要求,研究了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计和控制问题。基于C-W(Clohessy-Wiltshire)方程的解析解,提出了双水滴拼接绕飞构型,并将单脉冲或双脉冲受迫绕飞延展至多脉冲绕飞构型设计;推导了伴随航天器初始状态变量与绕飞构型形状参数的关系,得到了4种构型的解析表达式和脉冲控制策略。通过数值仿真算例验证了设计的4种绕飞构型能够实现伴随航天器的慢速绕飞和快速绕飞,比较了不同绕飞构型的燃料消耗和绕飞距离误差。数值结果表明,双水滴拼接绕飞构型总脉冲最小。研究成果完善了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制的相关理论,为工程应用提供参考。     

Improving magnetosphere in situ observations using solar sails

Past and current magnetosphere missions employ conventional spacecraft formations for in situ observations of the geomagnetic tail. Conventional spacecraft flying in inertially fixed Keplerian orbits are only aligned with the geomagnetic tail once per year, since the geomagnetic tail is always aligned with the Earth-Sun line, and therefore, rotates annually. Solar sails are able to artificially create sun-synchronous orbits such that the orbit apse line remains aligned with the geomagnetic tail line throughout the entire year. This continuous presence in the geomagnetic tail can significantly increase the science phase for magnetosphere missions. In this paper, the problem of solar sail formation design is explored using nonlinear programming to design optimal two-craft, triangle, and tetrahedron solar sail formations, in terms of formation quality and formation stability. The designed formations are directly compared to the formations used in NASA’s Magnetospheric Multi-Scale mission.     

Spacecraft formation flying for Earth-crossing object deflections using a power limited laser ablating

A formation flying strategy with an Earth-crossing object (ECO) is proposed to avoid the Earth collision. Assuming that a future conceptual spacecraft equipped with a powerful laser ablation tool already rendezvoused with a fictitious Earth collision object, the optimal required laser operating duration and direction histories are accurately derived to miss the Earth. Based on these results, the concept of formation flying between the object and the spacecraft is applied and analyzed as to establish the spacecraft’s orbital motion design strategy. A fictitious “Apophis”-like object is established to impact with the Earth and two major deflection scenarios are designed and analyzed. These scenarios include the cases for the both short and long laser operating duration to avoid the Earth impact. Also, requirement of onboard laser tool’s for both cases are discussed. As a result, the optimal initial conditions for the spacecraft to maintain its relative trajectory to the object are discovered. Additionally, the discovered optimal initial conditions also satisfied the optimal required laser operating conditions with no additional spacecraft’s own fuel expenditure to achieve the spacecraft formation flying with the ECO. The initial conditions founded in the current research can be used as a spacecraft’s initial rendezvous points with the ECO when designing the future deflection missions with laser ablation tools. The results with proposed strategy are expected to make more advances in the fields of the conceptual studies, especially for the future deflection missions using powerful laser ablation tools.     

基于分段常值推力的水滴悬停构型控制策略

针对航天器编队飞行任务对相对运动控制的要求,研究了在分段常值推力控制下航天器受迫绕飞构型的设计与控制问题。首先,基于脉冲控制下的水滴悬停构型,提出了多段常值推力控制实现水滴悬停构型的打靶方程;将打靶方程转化为求解极值问题,采用最小二乘法来求解;分析了一段常值推力可行性。然后,以连续常值小推力控制方程为基础,推导了小邻域定理,分析了近距离相对运动条件下两段常值推力控制的可行性;针对可能出现求解精度差的问题,提出了小推力增量方程来修正精度,并证明在靠近理想解的情况下多次迭代可以趋近于理想解。最后,通过数值仿真实现常值小推力控制下的水滴悬停相对运动。数值仿真结果表明常值小推力控制策略可行,研究成果完善了航天器受迫绕飞构型设计与控制的相关理论,为工程应用提供参考。      

PROBA-3 mission and the Shadow Position Sensors: Metrology measurement concept and budget

PROBA-3 is a space mission of the European Space Agency that will test, and validate metrology and control systems for autonomous formation flying of two independent satellites. PROBA-3 will operate in a High Elliptic Orbit and when approaching the apogee at 6·10⁴ Km, the two spacecraft will align to realize a giant externally occulted coronagraph named ASPIICS, with the telescope on one satellite and the external occulter on the other one, at inter-satellite distance of 144.3 m. The formation will be maintained over 6 hrs across the apogee transit and during this time different validation operations will be performed to confirm the effectiveness of the formation flying metrology concept, the metrology control systems and algorithms, and the spacecraft manoeuvring. The observation of the Sun’s Corona in the field of view [1.08;3.0]R_Sun will represent the scientific tool to confirm the formation flying alignment. In this paper, we review the mission concept and we describe the Shadow Position Sensors (SPS), one of the metrological systems designed to provide high accuracy (sub-millimetre level) absolute and relative alignment measurement of the formation flying. The metrology algorithm developed to convert the SPS measurements in lateral and longitudinal movement estimation is also described and the measurement budget summarized.     

Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulations of spacecraft attitude synchronization using the State-Dependent Riccati Equation technique

A nonlinear control technique pertaining to attitude synchronization problems is presented for formation flying spacecraft by utilizing the State-Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) technique. An attitude controller consisting of relative control and absolute control is designed using a reaction wheel assembly for regulator and tracking problems. To achieve effective relative control, the selective state-dependent connectivity is also adopted. The global asymptotic stability of the controller is confirmed using the Lyapunov theorem and is verified by Monte-Carlo simulations. An air-bearing-based Hardware-In-the-Loop Simulator (HILS) is also developed to validate the proposed control laws in real-time environments. The SDRE controller is discretized for implementation of a real-time processor in the HILS. The pointing errors are about 0.2° in the numerical simulations and about 1° in the HILS simulations, and experimental simulations confirm the effectiveness of the control algorithm for attitude synchronization in a spacecraft formation flying mission. Consequently, experiments using the HILS in a real-time environment can appropriately perform spacecraft attitude synchronization algorithms for formation flying spacecraft.