Nb-Si-Mo三元系合金相图

 Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料是一种有望替代镍基超合金用做飞机发动机叶片的新一代超高温结构材料。采用非自耗电弧熔炼技术制备出不同成分的Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪对Nb-Si-Mo三元系合金的相组成和微观组织进行研究。结果表明：Nb-Si-Mo三元系部分液相面投影图（<37.5 at% Si）含有4个初生相区,其立体相图中存在2个液固四相平衡反应和1个固态四相平衡反应。在2个液固四相平衡反应面之间存在一个三相共晶平衡棱柱,成分位于该棱柱内的合金会通过L→Nbss+β-Nb5Si3反应凝固生成Nbss/β-Nb5Si3片层共晶。     

Si和Ti对Nb-6Hf-4Zr-2B合金组织和室温力学性能的影响

 为了寻求Nb合金的强度和塑性的平衡,设计了以Nb基固溶体Nbss为主导相的Nb-xSi-6Hf-4Zr-2B-yTi(x=4,8;y=10,30;原子分数)合金,研究了Si和Ti对合金组织和室温力学性能的影响。结果表明,合金由Nbss、Nb3Si和Nb5Si3等3相组成。4Si-(10,30)Ti合金铸态组织是Nb枝晶和分布在枝晶间的硅化物(Nb3Si和Nb5Si3),8Si-(10,30)Ti合金Nb枝晶间分布的是Nb/硅化物(Nb5Si3)的共晶和Nb3Si,随着Si和Ti含量的增加,硅化物体积分数增加。1 600 ℃退火50 h可使部分Nb3Si共析分解,改变合金的组织形貌和各相的体积分数。随着Si和Ti含量的增加,合金的硬度和强度增加,但塑性和韧性降低。Nb枝晶的失效方式为解理断裂,而硅化物为脆性断裂。     

Phase Equilibria in Nb-Si-Mo Ternary Alloys at 1 273 K and 2 073 K

Phase equilibrium in Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys （〈37.5 at.% Si） at 1 273 K and 2 073 K is investigated by using X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectroscopy （EDS）. The partial isothermal section at 1 273 K, which contains four single-phase regions, five two-phase regions and two three-phase regions, is basically the same as that at 1 973 K. However, when the temperature increases to 2 073 K, the three-phase region of Nbss＋ct-（Nb（Mo））sSi3＋13-（Nb,Mo）sSi3 obviously moves towards the Nb-rich comer. This suggests that Nb-Si-Mo ternary alloys remain stable at least up to 1 973 K.     

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr Alloys

Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr (x=2, 6, 10, 14, 17 at%) alloys are prepared by arc-melting under argon atmosphere. Microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the arc-melted alloys are investigated. At 2 at% Cr content, the microstructure is composed of Nbss, Nb3Si and a small quantity of Nb5Si3, when the Cr contents increase, Nb3Si disappears. For the high Cr content (x ≥ 10 at%) alloys, besides the Nbss and Nb5Si3, Cr2Nb is also detected. With the increase of Cr content, the volume fractions of Cr2Nb and Nb5Si3 increase, while that of Nbss increases firstly and then begins to degrade when the Cr content is higher than 6 at%. For the alloy with 2 at% Cr, the room temperature fracture toughness is about 14.5 MPa·m1/2, but badly decreases to about 8.5 MPa·m1/2, when the Cr contents increase. Vickers hardness of Nbss tends to increase linearly from about 400 to 500, while that of silicides is not sensitive to Cr contents, about 950. The appearance of Cr2Nb phase significantly improves the high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys with high Cr contents. The isothermal oxidation tests show that the oxidation kinetics of the alloys with various Cr contents follows parabolic oxidation kinetics.     

Effects of B on the Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-Ti-Si-based Ultrahigh-temperature Alloy

Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys concocted with boron ranging from 0 to 2 at% are prepared by arc-melting technology. The effects of adding boron on their as-melted microstructure and oxidation resistance are analyzed. The (Nb,Ti)ss, β-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ exist in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf alloy, while (Nb,Ti)ss, α-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ are present in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-1B and Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-2B alloys. The oxidation of Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys is dominated by the diffusion of oxygen through (Nb,Ti)ss. Compared to boron-free alloys, the boron-containing alloys have significantly lower oxidation rate when oxidized at 1 200 °C for less than 50 h, but, for more than 50 h, their oxidation resistance deteriorates.     

Hf对Nb15W5Si2B合金室温和高温力学性能的影响

 为了寻求Nb-Si基合金高温强度和室温塑性之间的平衡,设计了以Nb基固溶体相Nb-SS占主导的Nb15W5Si2BxHf(x= 0,5,10,15,原子百分数）合金,研究了Hf元素对Nb15W5Si2B合金的组织、室温和高温压缩性能以及高温蠕变性能的影响。结果表明,Nb15W5Si2B合金由Nb-SS和Nb5Si3两相组成,Nb5Si3相呈网状分布;Hf的加入不改变相组成,但Nb5Si3相由网状分布逐步变成不连续小岛状分布,而且体积分数减少。Hf同时提高Nb15W5Si2B合金的高温静强度和室温塑性,但对Nb15W5Si2B高温压缩蠕变性能不利。最后讨论了Hf对Nb15W5Si2B合金强化与塑性化机理。     

Mo含量对Mo-Ni-B堆焊合金组织和性能的影响

设计制备了Mo-Ni-B系合金粉块新材料,采用TIG堆焊工艺在Q235钢基体上制备Ni基三元硼化物堆焊合金。研究了合金粉块中Mo含量对三元硼化物堆焊合金层组织、物相、硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,堆焊金属主要由三元硼化物Mo2M’B2、Mo Ni4、Mo5(B、Si)3、γ-(Fe,Ni,Mo,Cr)等相组成;Mo含量对堆焊合金的显微组织有较大影响;随着合金粉块中Mo含量的增加,堆焊合金和三元硼化物的显微硬度均明显下降;在所研究堆焊合金中,Mo 44.18%的耐蚀性最好,Mo 37.53%的堆焊合金的耐磨性能是Q235钢的27.7倍。     

TiNiFeNb形状记忆合金的组织结构及相变特性

通过向TisoNiso合金中加入Fe和Nb元素,制备出一种四元Ti49Ni50-xFexNb1形状记忆合金.采用X射线衍射和背散射电子衍射的方法,测试和分析了合金的相结构及微观组织形态,采用电阻法系统研究了合金的相变特性.结果表明:Nb元素的加入并没有改变TiNiFe合金的B2结构,仅导致了广极少量的富Nb相在基体中析...     

Nb-10Si合金室温断裂韧性研究

利用真空电弧熔炼制备了处于亚共晶区的Nb-10Si-xMo(x=5,15)复合材料,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析了在1200℃退火100h后复合材料的微观组织形貌、相组成和断口形貌,并测定了Nb-10Si-Mo复合材料的显微硬度。用单边切口悬臂梁法(SENB)研究了加入合金元素后复合材料室温韧性的变化。深入分析了合金元素对材料韧性相变形行为和复合材料室温断裂韧性的影响。     

Effects of Nb Content on Yield Strength of NiTiNb Alloys in Martensite State

Two near single-phase NiTiNb alloys—Ni₅₀Ti₄₈Nb₂ and Ni_49.5Ti_46.5Nb₄—are prepared and studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and tensile tests in order to unearth the effects of Nb-atom solid solution in NiTi phase on the yield strength induced by self-accommodation of martensite variants. The results show that the yield strength of near single-phase NiTiNb alloys varies inversely with the amount of Nb-atoms solid-dissolved in NiTi phase. From the results out of the prior and current studies, it can be surmised that the effects of Nb content on the yield strength of NiTiNb alloys in martensite state depend on the coaction. Nb solid solution weakening mechanism and β-Nb phase composite strengthening mechanism. This inference might be a satisfactory explanation to the fact that the yield strength of (NiTi)_50–0.5xNb_x alloys in martensite state begins with decline and then rises when the Nb content increases.     

真空吸铸TiAl基合金组织研究

利用金属型真空吸铸技术获得了TiAl基合金薄板件,并研究了该铸件的铸态组织以及合金元素对其组织的影响。实验结果表明:由于金属型的强制冷却作用,金属型真空吸铸的Ti-47Al合金薄板铸件铸态组织细小,平均晶粒尺寸在60μm左右;W元素的添加有利于B2相的形成,从而细化组织,其机理是B2相阻碍了α晶粒长大;Si元素添加生成的Ti5Si3相,主要分布在晶界处,形成的Ti5Si3第二相质点会阻碍TiAl基合金凝固过程中组织的长大,有利于细化TiAl基合金组织。     

稀土Y对低膨胀高温合金显微组织和界面的影响

运用分析电子显微术、高分辨电子显微术、化学相分析和 X-射线衍射等方法分析研究了Fe-Ni-Co-Nb-Ti-Si低膨胀高温合金的相组成和相结构 ,以及稀土对合金的组织和性能的影响规律。结果显示 ,微量的稀土主要存在于合金的片状相中 ,并使其晶体结构发生变化。加入适量的稀土 Y后 ,合金片状相变得更加细密、均匀。和不含稀土的低膨胀高温合金相比 ,含 Y的低膨胀高温合金中片状相与基体的晶格错配由 0 .7%下降到 0 .0 7% ,表明界面应力明显下降     

Single track and single layer formation in selective laser melting of niobium solid solution alloy

Selective laser melting (SLM) was employed to fabricate Nb-37Ti-13Cr-2Al-1Si (at%) alloy, using pre-alloyed powders prepared by plasma rotating electrode processing (PREP). A series of single tracks and single layers under different processing parameters was manufactured to evaluate the processing feasibility by SLM, including laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance. Results showed that continuous single tracks could be fabricated using proper laser powers and scanning velocities. Both the width of a single track and its penetration depth into a substrate increased with an increase of the linear laser beam energy density (LED), i.e., an increase of the laser power and a decrease of the scanning speed. Nb, Ti, Si, Cr, and Al elements distributed heterogeneously over the melt pool in the form of swirl-like patterns. An excess of the hatch distance was not able to interconnect neighboring tracks. Under improper processing parameters, a balling phenomenon occurred, but could be eliminated with an increased LED. This work testified the SLM-processing feasibility of Nb-based alloy and promoted the application of SLM to the manufacture of niobium-based alloys.     

Ti/Al/Ti_(46)Zr_(26)Cu_(17)Ni_(11)非晶层状复合材料界面相组成

利用DSC对真空甩带法制得的Ti_(46)Zr_(26)Cu_(17)Ni_(11)非晶薄带进行热分析,据此选择在693 K(T_g),753 K(T_g~T_(x1)),813 K(T_(x1))下对非晶合金进行不同时间真空热处理,分析非晶晶化行为,并以Ti_(46)Zr_(26)Cu_(17)Ni_(11)非晶合金、TA2和纯Al为原材料,利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机在873 K/10 MPa/8 h下制备层状复合材料,采用SEM、TEM、显微硬度计并结合热力学和元素扩散理论对界面层相组成、析出次序和性能进行研究。结果表明:Ti_(46)Zr_(26)Cu_(17)Ni_(11)非晶玻璃转变温度T_g=720 K,初始晶化温度T_(x1)=788 K;非晶晶化首先生成亚稳相I相,随后进一步析出三元或四元Laves相和Ti Ni相;热压后,纯Al和非晶晶化层间界面由薄层Al_3Ni和晶粒细小结构均匀的Al3(Ti0.6Zr0.4)层组成,界面平直无缺陷,总厚度与纯Ti、纯Al间界面层厚度比约为6.5∶1;Al_3(Ti_(0.6)Zr_(0.4))和Al_3Ti硬度相近,分别为(564.20±10.46)HV和(579.83±15.26)HV,但Al_3(Ti_(0.6)Zr_(0.4))层塑性更好。     

喷射沉积A1-Si-Fe-Mn-Cu-Mg合金的微观组织与力学性能

利用喷射沉积技术制备了Al-20Si-5Fe-(0～3)Mn-3Cu-1Mg合金。借助扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射和拉伸试验等手段研究了喷射沉积合金的微观组织和力学性能，分析了不同Mn含量对合金组织演变的影响。结果表明，当合金中加入3％Mn时，组织中针状的Al-Si-Fe金属间化合物被颗粒状的Al     

Mechanical Properties and Transformation Behavior of NiTiNb Shape Memory Alloys

NiTiNb shape memory alloys have attracted much attention in pipe coupling or sealing system because of their large transformation hysteresis upon a proper pre-deformation. In order to clarify the effects of adding Nb on the mechanical properties as well as the transformation behavior of NiTiNb shape memory alloys, Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ and Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloys with different microstructures but with similar martensitic transformation start temperature, are prepared. Comparative studies on the microstructures, mechanical properties and transformation characteristics are conducted by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), phase transformation measurements and mechanical property tests. It is found that Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ and Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloys possess similar transformation hysteresis in the as-annealed state. However, the presence of Nb and its status exerts important effects on the mechanical properties, especially the yield strength and the yield behavior of the alloys. Ni_49.8Ti_45.2Nb₅ alloy exhibits remarkable increase in the yield strength than the Ni₄₇Ti₄₄Nb₉ alloy. The transformation hysteresis of both alloys under pre-deformation is characterized and the relative mechanism is discussed.     

高Cr铸造镍基高温合金K4648与陶瓷型芯的界面反应研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱、电子探针和X射线衍射对高Cr铸造镍基高温合金K4648等轴晶和定向凝固铸件的合金/陶瓷型芯界面反应进行了系统研究,获得反应时间与反应量关系的界面反应动力学曲线、不同反应时间的反应界面形貌及产物的种类。结果表明:高Cr铸造镍基高温合金K4648与铝基型芯不易发生反应,而与硅基陶瓷型芯发生剧烈的界面反应,反应产生金属瘤状凸起物,造成铸件内腔破坏。此外,白色的硅基型芯内部变成黑色,黑色反应区内含有一定量的Cr,Al,Ti元素。在反应的中、后期型芯黑色反应区内还存在着灰色区,该区的Cr,Al,Ti含量远高于黑色反应区。高Cr铸造镍基高温合金K4648合金与硅基陶瓷型芯反应分为:(1)富Cr,Al,Ti熔体向型芯内的渗入阶段;(2)富Cr,Al,Ti熔体与陶瓷型芯SiO2基体的反应;(3)富Cr,Al,Ti的熔体与型芯中Zr-SiO4颗粒反应三个阶段。反应过程中型芯存在局部液化现象。K4648合金/硅基陶瓷型界面反应产物主要为层状或树枝状Al2O3,块状Cr3Si金属间化合物、ZrO2,富Cr,Zr,Al,Ti的复合氧化物、共晶形态的富Cr,Si,Al,Ti的复合氧化物、块状或树枝状的富Ti,Al,Zr,Cr复合氧化物。反应产物中的Cr,Al,Ti元素来自合金熔体而Zr,Si,O来自陶瓷型芯。     

铌钨合金材料在液体火箭发动机上的应用

为探索铌钨合金在液体火箭发动机上的应用，针对我国研制成功的Nb-5W-2Mo-1Zr铌钨合金进行了高温性能试验及抗高温氧化涂层的研制，铌钨合金及涂层在高温时的组织结构分析及相关工艺试验。结果表明：Nb-5W-2Mo-1Zr铌钨合金及抗氧化涂层可用于液体火箭发动机。     

Cr对Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf合金显微组织与高低温力学性能的影响

 以Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf成分为基础,分别添加了2%和17%(原子分数,后同)的Cr元素替代Nb(分别称2Cr和17Cr合金),研究了Cr含量对Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf合金相组成、显微组织形貌、室温断裂韧性和高温强度的影响,分析了高低温失效机制。结果表明,铸态和1 375 ℃×100 h热处理后2Cr合金由Nbss和Nb₅Si₃两相组成;当Cr含量为17%时,出现了具有C15结构的Laves Cr₂Nb相,合金由Nbss、Nb₅Si₃和Cr₂Nb三相组成,热处理后在Nb₅Si₃中还析出了球状Cr₂Nb相。随着Cr含量由2%提高到17%,热处理合金的室温断裂韧性K_Q由14.32 MPa·m^1/2下降到10.30 MPa·m^1/2。合金强度与Cr含量的关系受温度影响,随Cr含量提高,室温和1 150 ℃时合金的硬度或强度增高,而1 250 ℃和1 350 ℃时合金强度降低。如1 150 ℃时2Cr和17Cr合金的屈服强度σ_0.2分别为349 MPa和387 MPa;1 350 ℃时分别为306 MPa和74 MPa。     

合金化及热处理对Fe_3Al合金组织和性能影响

研究了不同的热处理条件及添加Mn,Mo,Nb,Cr,V,RE（La-Ce）等合金元素对Fe3Al合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,Fe3Al合金在B2相区间保温淬火后的硬度值较小,在DO3相区短时间回火硬度值大幅增加,随回火时间延长硬度值呈降低趋势,在本实验的最长回火时间内（50h）硬度稍有提高;TEM分析表明,这与回火过程中DO3畴的尺寸变化有关;合金化后Cr和V的加入降低合金硬度,其它几种元素都提高了合金的硬度;SEM分析表明合金元素的作用机理不同：Cr软化了合金,Mo主要产生固溶强化,Mn、V、Nb加入后有第二相析出,RE元素主要偏析在晶界,细晶强化。