高负荷扩压叶栅中附面层吸除技术实验研究

通过分析某高负荷压气机叶栅内部的流动状况,确定了端壁开槽吸气以及端壁与吸力面同时开槽吸气两种附面层吸除方案,并在低亚声速条件下进行了风洞吹风实验。结果表明,附面层吸除是一种提高高负荷压气机叶栅气动性能的有效措施,通过吸走附面层流体可以改善壁面附近流动状况,角区分离减弱,流道内高损失区范围减小。随着吸气量的增加,改善压气机叶栅性能的效果越显著。吸气方案不同,其作用机理也不一样。     

端壁附面层抽吸对大转角扩压叶栅旋涡影响的实验研究

为探明附面层抽吸技术对压气机叶栅气动性能的影响及其与栅内旋涡结构的关联,通过十个横截面的实验测量结果研究了高负荷压气机叶栅抽吸端壁附面层前后的主要旋涡结构以其对应损失的演变过程。研究对象为矩形低速扩压叶栅,来流马赫数约为0.23。研究结果表明,端壁附面层的变化对叶栅端区的主要旋涡发展过程影响显著。在原型方案中,壁面涡、尾缘脱落涡的演变过程对应着较高的流动损失,通道涡自身产生的损失较小,主要起到向远离端壁的方向输运低能流体的作用;在流向槽吸气方案中,壁面涡和尾缘脱落涡因端壁附面层径向迁移及角区分离受到抑制而被明显削弱;而来流附面层抽吸方案则最为有效地控制了通道涡的演变过程。      

附面层抽吸对叶栅角区分离流动的控制研究

为研究附面层抽吸对叶栅角区分离流动的控制效果和机理,以高负荷轴流压气机叶栅为研究对象,基于数值方法深入分析了不同抽吸方案对叶栅角区流场的影响以及叶栅攻角特性随抽吸流量组合的变化规律。结果表明:不同抽吸方案对叶片通道中的分离流动的控制机理不同,进而会影响叶片负荷及扩压能力;将吸力面抽吸与端壁附面层抽吸结合起来的组合抽吸方案基本消除了位于叶栅吸力面的附面层分离和角区分离,叶栅叶型损失系数显著降低,在5°攻角下,当吸力面抽吸量为1.88%,端壁抽吸量为0.82%时,损失系数相较于原叶栅降低约63.8%;并且进一步研究发现各抽吸槽的抽吸流量均存在其最佳临界值;在进行组合抽吸时,应针对不同攻角工况,在其相应的临界值范围内选择合理的抽吸流量,以达到用较小的吸气量实现对叶栅分离流动的控制。     

端壁采用孔式抽吸对扩压叶栅气动性能的影响

为明晰孔式附面层抽吸技术对压气机叶栅气动性能的作用效果,实验研究了在端壁不同位置设置抽吸孔时对大折转角扩压叶栅壁面流谱、出口二次流及损失的影响。研究结果表明,端壁抽吸改变了原型叶栅内部流场结构,角区分离起始点前进行附面层吸除可有效延缓通道涡的形成,降低叶栅损失;分离起始点之后角区分离已经充分发展的位置不宜布置抽吸孔;相比较抽吸槽,采用抽吸孔可以通过更少的抽吸量达到相同程度地对叶栅流动性能的改善。      

吸附式压气机叶栅气动性能计算模拟研究

为考察附面层吸附技术在压气机静子势流区叶型上的应用,采用流场数值计算方法对吸气叶栅流场进行模拟.结果表明:(1)对于高亚声速压气机叶栅,采用吸力面附面层吸除可提高叶栅的扩压度,但不一定能减小流动损失.(2)对于中亚声压气机叶栅,采用吸力面附面层吸除不仅可提高叶栅的扩压度而且能减小流动损失.(3)如果叶片吸力面靠后缘处有流动分离,吸气位置在分离区的上游较远处可抑制分离,若在分离区附近可能不利于抑制流动分离.      

端壁抽吸位置对压气机叶栅角区分离控制的影响

以某高负荷压气机叶栅为研究对象,应用数值模拟方法探索了叶栅端壁不同抽吸位置对角区流动结构、通道漩涡发展过程以及叶栅性能的影响规律,寻求控制角区分离的可行方法。研究结果表明:在叶栅前缘上游5%C(弦长)位置实施抽吸,延缓了通道涡的形成,但导致叶栅来流攻角发生改变,在角区形成角区分离涡,并且该漩涡与通道涡相互促进,进一步恶化叶栅流场,导致叶栅落后角增大,损失增加;在叶栅通道激波后25%C端壁抽吸,吸除了上游端壁积累的高熵低能气流,制约了通道涡的迅速发展,改善了叶栅通道的流场结构,降低了流动损失,但并未对上游流场产生较大影响,是一种可行的方案。然而25%C处抽吸后,未能完全消除分离,在端部与叶栅通道主流之间存在较高损失区域。     

组合抽吸对大转角扩压叶栅性能的影响

实验研究了低速条件下在端壁和吸力面同时进行附面层吸除对某大转角扩压叶栅性能的影响.在叶片表面及端壁进行了墨迹流动显示,并对叶栅出口截面进行了测量.基于实验的抽吸槽布置方式:端壁吸气主要影响区域是吸力面角区;吸力面抽吸可以减小角区范围,延迟叶片吸力面附面层转捩,改善中径处流场;组合抽吸则优化了叶栅整体流场,使流动更加均一高效,由于削弱了端壁和吸力面附面层间的相互作用,组合抽吸在大吸气量下优于前两种吸气方式.      

槽道射流及端壁抽吸对角区分离的组合控制研究

为优化叶片吸力面流动分离结构,探究对于角区分离更好的流动控制方法,以一大弯角扩压静子叶栅为研究对象,对叶片进行全叶高槽道结构处理,并在其基础上于槽道出口前进行端壁抽吸槽结构处理。在来流马赫数为0.7,来流攻角为-8°～6°工况下,对原型叶栅、全叶高开槽叶栅及组合流动控制叶栅进行性能计算及对比。结果表明：全叶高开槽方案能有效消除叶片吸力面叶中附面层分离,抑制角区分离,减小原型叶栅的总压损失,提高扩压能力。对比全叶高开槽方案,组合流动控制方案能更有效地抑制端壁二次流于槽道出口前在吸力面上的发展,进一步消除角区分离,优化近端壁区流场。因此,端壁抽吸加全叶高槽道射流的组合流动控制方案对于宽来流攻角范围具有更强的适应性,从而更有效地减小原型叶栅的总压损失,拓宽其可用攻角范围,提高叶栅的扩压能力。     

端壁抽吸位置对大转角扩压叶栅流场及负荷的影响

实验研究了低速条件下在端壁近吸力面处进行附面层吸除对某大转角扩压叶栅性能的影响.对叶栅出口截面参数和叶片型面静压进行了测量,并在叶片表面及端壁进行了墨迹流动显示.结果表明,端壁抽吸主要影响了吸力面/端壁角区,重新分配叶片根部负荷.在角区未发生分离的位置开始抽吸可有效推迟叶栅内的角区分离,降低损失,改善叶栅端区流动;而在角区已经发生分离的弦向位置开槽吸气则引起了局部回流,恶化了流场,增加了低能流体的掺混和气动损失.     

吸附式亚声速压气机叶栅气动性能实验及分析

以亚声速平面叶栅风洞为实验平台,在不同来流马赫数、攻角和吸气量状态下,测试吸附式压气机叶栅吸力面、压力面表面压力分布和叶栅尾缘等参数.结果表明,附面层吸除能促进附面层减薄,减少分离损失,有助于降低叶栅总压损失,提高气流折转能力,改善叶栅气动性能.合适吸气槽位置和吸气量的选择,有利于叶栅内部流动更趋合理.      

Influence of coupled boundary layer suction and bowed blade on flow field and performance of a diffusion cascade

Based on the investigation of mid-span local boundary layer suction and positive bowed cascade, a coupled local tailored boundary layer suction and positive bowed blade method is developed to improve the performance of a highly loaded diffusion cascade with less suction slot. The effectiveness of the coupled method under different inlet boundary layers is also investigated.Results show that mid-span local boundary layer suction can effectively remove trailing edge separation, but deteriorate the flow fields near the endwall. The positive bowed cascade is beneficial for reducing open corner separation, but is detrimental to mid-span flow fields. The coupled method can further improve the performance and flow field of the cascade. The mid-span trailing edge separation and open corner separation are eliminated. Compared with linear cascade with suction, the coupled method reduces overall loss of the cascade by 31.4% at most. The mid-span loss of the cascade decreases as the suction coefficient increases, but increases as bow angle increases. The endwall loss increases as the suction coefficient increases. By contrast, the endwall loss decreases significantly as the bow angle increases. The endwall loss of coupled controlled cascade is higher than that of bowed cascade with the same bow angle because of the spanwise inverse ‘‘C" shaped static pressure distribution. Under different inlet boundary layer conditions, the coupled method can also improve the cascade effectively.     

Comparison of aerodynamic characteristics between a novel highly loaded injected blade with curvature induced pressure-recovery concept and one with conventional design

This paper introduces a novel design method of highly loaded compressor blades with air injection.CFD methods were firstly validated with existing data and then used to develop and investigate the new method based on a compressor cascade.A compressor blade is designed with a curvature induced pressure-recovery concept.A rapid drop of the local curvature on the blade suction surface results in a sudden increase in the local pressure,which is referred to as a curvature induced ‘Shock'.An injection slot downstream from the ‘Shock' is used to prevent ‘Shock' induced separation,thus reducing the loss.As a result,the compressor blade achieves high loading with acceptable loss.First,the design concept based on a 2D compressor blade profile is introduced.Then,a 3D cascade model is investigated with uniform air injection along the span.The effects of the incidence are also investigated on emphasis in the current study.The mid-span flow field of the 3D injected cascade shows excellent agreement with the 2D designed flow field.For the highly loaded cascade without injection,the flow separates immediately downstream from the ‘Shock';the initial location of separation shows little change in a large incidence range.Thus air injection with the same injection configuration effectively removes the flow separation downstream from the curvature induced ‘Shock' and reduces the size of the separation zone at different incidences.Near the endwall,the flow within the incoming passage vortex mixes with the injected flow.As a result,the size of the passage vortex reduces significantly downstream from the injection slot.After air injection,the loss coefficient along spanwise reduces significantly and the flow turning angle increases.     

Trailing-edge shock loss control with self-sustaining synthetic jet in a supersonic compressor cascade

To effectively reduce the loss of strong shock wave at the trailing edge of the supersonic cascade under high backpressure, a shock wave control method based on self-sustaining synthetic jet was proposed. The self-sustaining synthetic jet was applied on the pressure side of the blade with the blow slot and the bleed slot arranged upstream and downstream of the trailing-edge shock,respectively. The flow control mechanism and effects of parameters were investigated by numerical simulation. The res...     

A combined application of micro-vortex generator and boundary layer suction in a high-load compressor cascade

In the current study, the effects of a combined application between micro-vortex generator and boundary layer suction on the flow characteristics of a high-load compressor cascade are investigated. The micro-vortex generator with a special configuration and the longitudinal suction slot are adopted. The calculated results show that a reverse flow region, which is considered the main reason for occurring stall at 7.9° incidence, grows and collapses rapidly near the leading edge and leads to two critical points occurring on the end-wall with the increasing incidence in the baseline. As the micro-vortex generator is introduced in the baseline cascade, the corner separation is switched to a trailing edge separation by the thrust from the induced vortex. Meanwhile, the occurrence of failure is delayed due to the mixed low energy fluid and main flow. The synergistic effects between the micro-vortex generator and the boundary layer suction on the performance of the cascade are superior to the baseline at all the incidence conditions before the occurrence of failure, and the sudden deterioration of the cascade occurs at 10.3° incidence. The optimal results show that the farther upstream suction position, the lower total pressure loss of the cascade with vortex generator at the near stall condition. Moreover, the induced vortex with a leg can migrate the accumulated low energy fluid backward to delay the occurrence of stall.     

基于大弯角扩压静子叶栅的组合流动控制方法研究

为更好地控制叶中尾缘分离及角区分离,优化叶片吸力面流动分离结构,本文提出了全叶高槽道加全弦长端壁抽吸的组合流动控制方案。此外,本文还设置了全叶高开槽方案与端壁抽吸方案,以探究全叶高槽道射流与端壁附面层抽吸的相互作用机理。以一大弯角扩压静子叶栅为研究对象,本文对三种流动控制方案进行了详细的性能分析及对比。结果表明：组合控制方案对于原型叶栅叶中尾缘分离及角区分离的综合控制效果最佳,能够在全攻角范围内分别将原型叶栅的总压损失、气流转折角及静压升系数平均增大-38.4%、3.1°及16.2%。相比于全叶高开槽方案,组合控制方案的端壁抽吸槽有效抑制了全叶高槽道出口前端壁二次流的发展,进一步削弱了角区分离。相比于端壁抽吸方案,组合控制方案的全叶高槽道则有效消除了尾缘分离,避免了叶中流场的恶化。总体看来,组合控制方案有利于最大程度地拓宽叶片的可用攻角范围,提高其扩压能力。     

高负荷压气机叶栅分离结构及其等离子体流动控制

 为揭示高负荷压气机叶栅内部流动损失的产生机理和分布规律以及等离子体气动激励的作用机制,利用拓扑分析和数值计算方法,从计算模型的建立与验证、基准流场的分离结构和等离子体流动控制3个方面展开研究;对总压损失系数分布、拓扑结构和表面流谱与空间流线分布以及旋涡结构进行分析,并开展了激励方式的优化分析.结果表明:随着攻角的增大,固壁面拓扑结构增加了3对奇点,吸力面流向激励改变了固壁面拓扑结构.当攻角为2°时,在吸力面拓扑结构中产生了一对奇点,打断了角区分离线,并引入了一条回流再附线.叶栅流道内部有5个主要涡系,尾缘径向对涡促进流体的展向流动,并成为吸力面倒流的主要组成部分;角涡是一个独立的涡系,其强度和尺度不受等离子体气动激励的影响.吸力面流向激励可以改善叶中流场,但对角区流动作用很小;端壁横向激励可以降低角区流动损失,对叶中流场作用有限;吸力面流向与端壁横向组合激励在整个叶高范围内均可以显著抑制流动分离;端壁横向流动对角区流动分离结构的影响大于吸力面附面层的分离.吸力面流向激励的优化明显降低,而端壁横向激励和组合激励的优化保持并增强了等离子体流动的控制效果.     

跨声速叶栅抽吸流、激波以及分离流相干效应

以某高负荷、跨声速压气机叶栅为研究对象,应用数值模拟手段探讨通过抽吸控制激波从而控制附面层发展的可行方法。研究结果表明：随着抽吸量的增加吸力面马赫数峰值提高,激波损失增加,同时使得吸力面马赫数峰值点位置后移,附面层分离减弱,分离的减弱所导致的总压恢复系数增加量要远大于激波强度增加所导致的总压恢复系数减小量;抽吸对叶栅性能改善存在一个最佳抽吸量1.2%;在保证叶栅静压压升不变的前提下,相对于未抽吸条件1.2%抽吸使得叶栅总压恢复系数提高10%,扩散因子降低18%,落后角减小5°;通道激波后实施附面层小流量抽吸不能有效改善附面层内部流动参数,当实现前缘入射斜激波投射点位于通道激波上游时,叶表附面层流动得到较大改善。     

孔隙射流对高负荷压气机叶栅气动性能影响的实验研究(英文)

对应用射流孔的高负荷压气机直叶栅进行了实验研究,着重研究了孔隙射流对削弱尾缘附近流动分离和损失的效果。实验包括八种叶栅方案,采用五孔探针测量出口速度和压力分布。同时给出吸力面墨迹流动显示和端壁静压分布。结果表明,孔隙射流对端壁静压的影响很小,叶栅中部损失明显降低,最佳开孔位置位于25%叶高处,相对损失最大降低5.5%。     

跨声速叶栅叶表附面层抽吸效应试验

以某跨声速、吸附式叶栅为研究对象,在暂冲式叶栅风洞上对其进行了多个状态的吹风试验,对比分析了在通道存在激波条件下,激波前、后抽吸对叶栅性能以及附面层的影响效应.研究结果表明:激波前抽吸使得抽吸缝局部马赫数增大,恶化叶栅性能;激波前抽吸对于来流高亚声和超声速的叶栅损失系数影响趋势一致,随着抽吸系数增加损失系数增加,并且当抽吸系数大于0.2%时,损失系数增加较快;波后抽吸可明显改善叶栅性能,抽吸量越大,抽吸正效应越明显,相比于未抽吸条件,抽吸系数为0.8%时损失系数降低8%、总压恢复系数提高5%.